Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-294).

Thesis (M.S.)--Northern Michigan University, 2006. / Bibliography: leaves 61-67.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Information security has become a key concern for organizations conducting business in the current electronic era. Rapid technological development continuously creates novel security threats, making IT an uncertain infrastructure. So the security is an important factor for the vendors as well as for the consumers. To fulfill the security needs, IT companies have to adopt some standards to assure some levels that concern with the security in their product. Common Criteria (CC) is one of the standards that maintains and controls the security of IT products. Many other standards are also available to assure the security in products but like these standards CC has its own pros and cons. It does not impose predefined security rules that a product should exhibit but a language for security evaluation. CC has certain advantages due to its ability to address all the three dimensions: a) it provides opportunity for users to specify their security requirements, b) an implementation guide for the developers and c) provides comprehensive criteria to evaluate the security requirements. On the downside, it requires considerable amount of resources and is quite time consuming. Another is security requirements that it evaluates and must be defined before the project start which is in direct conflict with the rapidly changing security threat environment. In this research thesis we will analyze the core issues and find the major causes for the criticism. Many IT users in USA and UK have reservations with CC evaluation because of its limitations. We will analyze the CC shortcomings and document them that will be useful for researchers to have an idea of shortcomings associated with CC. This study will potentially be able to strengthen the CC usage with a more effective and responsive evaluation methodology for IT community. / Rana Aamir Raza Ashfaq (0046-76-2473148)

The Benguela Current is a cold eastern boundary current located on the south-western coast of the African continent. The establishment of its present day features approximately two million years ago has triggered allopatric events which have driven genetic and/or phenotypic differentiation in many of the warm-temperate organisms that previously had continuous distributions along the south and west coast of southern Africa. However, since many of these species have responded differently, despite similar isolation times, research in this region provides a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of evolutionary processes. The common octopus (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier 1797) is a coastal, sedentary species, inhabiting coral reefs or rocky environments at depths of up to a 100m. It is considered to be one of the most extensively studied cephalopod species due to its worldwide distribution. However, very little research has been conducted on O. vulgaris in southern Africa. In order to gain a holistic understanding of the effects of the Benguela Current on population connectivity, genetic and phenotypic diversity, and evolutionary history of O. vulgaris, a comparative genetic and morphological study was conducted across the Benguela region. A total of 168 specimens of O. vulgaris were collected from four different regions across the Benguela system. A small tissue sample was preserved in ethanol for molecular analysis, and the specimen was frozen whole for morphometric analysis in the laboratory. Octopus vulgaris genetic population structure and evolutionary history was investigated using a 580bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene for 76 individuals located within the Benguela region, yielding 10 different haplotypes. AMOVA and pairwise FST analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation suggesting a northern-southern Benguela divergence. Estimates of time since most recent common ancestor, based on biogeographical calibrators and coalescent analyses, indicated that isolation between the Angolan and South African population occurred between ~231 Ka and 1 Ma. Mismatch distribution analyses revealed a past population expansion within the South African O. vulgaris roughly 129.31 Ka, whilst Bayesian skyline plots were indicative of gradual demographic growth within the Angolan population in the last ~100 Ka. Observed O. vulgaris population structure and demographic history was likely the result of historical climate-induced change within the system. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within the Octopus genus, using cytb and COI suggest that O. vulgaris is not a monophyletic group and a major systematic revision is required. Furthermore, unidentified individuals from South Africa were found to group with species from Indo-West Pacific Oceans and were therefore considered to have been translocated through ballast water from Asia. While the molecular analysis indicated a significant northern-southern Benguela structure results from the principle component analysis (PCA) and discriminate function analysis (DFA) were unable to distinguish between O. vulgaris from different sampling localities throughout the Benguela Current region based on soft-parts, hard-parts and meristic characters. The lack of phenotypic variation, despite significant genetic divergence, highlights the importance of multi-method approaches in gaining a holistic understanding of the taxonomy and biogeography of species.

The American City is layered in differences. Over time the city has been shaped and reshaped by different cultures and identities in the urban landscape. However, difference is still consistently otherized, and ethnicity becomes excluded by society as this other. In 2010, the Latino population increased from 13 percent in 2000 to 16 percent of the total population, or 51 million people. And yet, Latinos are still particularly otherized in cities like New Orleans, where the demographics have been shifting since Katrina and the Latino population has more than doubled in size. Despite the city’s rich history of Latin American culture, the population’s identity is still ambiguous and mainly invisible to society at large. On a national level, Latinos use the everyday in urban life as an arena of resistance and cultural meaning. Neighborhoods evolve over time based on hybridity, juxtaposition and improvisation; this temporal condition is visible within a 24-hour cycle in Hispanic everyday life, where place is altered across different hours of the day, and along different paths. Utilizing this transitional element of Latino Urbanism and the emphasis on provisional social space existing along lines of difference, the project redefines building typologies to anticipate and support the growing ethnic identity. In New Orleans, the Latino community has specific economic, social and cultural needs, which the city is currently lacking, thus the project seeks to address these absences through the placemaking strategy of layered exchanges and interwoven paths, in which the tectonics of space respond to these paths, and a visual, as well as a physical, exchange occurs between, city and others. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Magister Legum - LLM / In order to understand the context of the research paper, a brief discussion has to be made as to the important fact that a director has to be appointed in a role to assist with the decision-making in running of a company.1 A director is an officer of a company that is ordinarily appointed in order to make daily business reporting, decisions and to take business risks on behalf of the company.2When taking up a position as a director, duties and responsibilities must be fulfilled. A failure to comply with these duties will result in serious consequences for the company and often for the director himself.3 Director’s fiduciary duties previously developed from our common law and was established through the precedents set by our courts.4 These duties were partially codified in the Companies Act 71 of 2008.5 It can be clearly seen that the Companies Act 61 of 1973, only mentions the duties but does not specify directly the types of duties.6 The standard of conduct expected of directors is provided for in section 76 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008.7 Furthermore, section 77 contains the liability of directors for any breach of their duties.8 This raises the point that a director can incur various type of liability for a breach of their duties. The type of liability that can be incur is personal liability and criminal liability.9

Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2013. / The purpose of this study was to examine the attitude and perception of grade 9 mathematics teachers to CTA (common task assessment) 2009 as well as their understanding of the role of CTA. Six secondary schools in Pietermaritzburg area in the province of KwaZulu-Natal were selected as cases for an in-depth qualitative study. Two schools were African schools and the other three were multiracial school and one private school. Fourteen (14) teachers were interviewed and were observed teaching mathematics. The study utilised participant observation, interviews and relevant documents as source of data collection. The main finding of the study was the frustrations expressed by teachers not clearly understanding what is expected of them and also the lack of official support for meaningful implementation and general lack of teachers understanding of the role of CTAs. Most teachers raised their concerns about the lack of mathematics content in grade 9 mathematics CTAs. Most teachers raised concerns about CTAs content favouring or geared towards mathematical literacy and leaving out pure mathematics and failing to prepare learners to be competent in mathematics and failing completely to prepare learners for grade 10 pure Mathematics.

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of class size reduction (CSR) on student performance while implementing Common Core State Standards (CCSS). The researcher sought to examine test scores specifically in 1st grade classrooms during the 1st year implementation of CCSS. Additionally, the researcher wanted to assist school leaders in identifying ways to motivate teachers to perform at the highest level and focus on student outcomes. The results indicated that students in the CSR classes had higher scores than the students in the non-CSR classes in some subjects. The findings from this study were consistent with the studies in the literature. There was a difference in the pre-test scores and the post-test scores of the CSR and non-CSR. The post-test scores were higher for the students enrolled in the reduction classes. School leaders should consider reducing class size and find a balance between CCSS and the Mississippi frameworks. This challenge will require the support and understanding of the entire learning community and other key members of the educational community. School leaders will be primarily responsible for ensuring this new initiative is put into practice at a high level of rigor to ensure that students are prepared for college and/or a career.