Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) are edible fruit that belong to the Ericaceae plant family. A growing body of evidence suggests that consumption of berries provide considerable health benefits due to their high polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamins and mineral content. Therefore, it is beneficial to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of berries in order to select lines with higher antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, anti-apoptotic effect and the metabolomic profile of lingonberries from Northern Manitoba (wild) and Newfoundland (greenhouse-grown). A total of 159 lingonberry samples were collected from Northern Manitoba (Lynn Lake and Flin Flon) and Newfoundland. Samples were freeze dried, lyophilized, ground into powder and extracted with solvent methanol. Total anthocyanins were determined by the pH differential method. Total phenolics were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau’s assay, the anti-apoptotic effect was measured fluorescently and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was utilized to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Our study showed that Northern Manitoba-grown lingonberries contain a higher level of anthocyanins and phenolics compared to Newfoundland greenhouse-grown lingonberries. Results show that Northern Manitoba- grown lingonberries have higher antioxidant capacity compared to ones grown in Newfoundland. Findings from the study suggest that berries grown in green house conditions and extreme climatic conditions have different antioxidant capacity, anti-apoptotic effects, total phenolics and total anthocyanins; that is, more extreme climates may result in berries with higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and anthocyanins. / May 2016

Globally, competition for hosting the Olympic has become fierce. The social and economic advantages resulting from hosting the Olympic Games are huge, but the cost is also formidable. In particular, Sochi, where the 2014 Winter Olympic Games will be held, invested over $50 billion in building the stadium facilities and developing Sochi and the surrounding area as modernized systems. These Olympic facilities have the potential to attract visitors both during and after the Olympic Games. Prior literature suggests that sport tourism is emerging as a prominent component of many economic development plans (Kotler, Haider and Rein 1993) and the market’s expanding opportunities in tourism and sport businesses suggest the need for studies of sport tourism (Glyptis 1991). Earlier research has verified story impact as a fundamental communication tool and analyzed narrative contents. Past sport research suggests that American Olympic naaratives focus on specific themes. Given the literature, this study examines whether story theme preferences between the Korean and the American are different with cultural difference because some researcher indicates such cultural differences can influence communication behaviors. This research examined the impact of story themes on interest in host city and host nation for Korean and American students. The study employed an experimental survey and designed 3 themed Korean stories and American stories (hero, facility, and non-theme) based on actual news articles for the experiment. The experiment results showed that the Korean and the American students have statistically significant differences in all of the dependent variables. Overall, compared to American students, Korean students had higher interest in watching and attending the Winter Olympics as well as visiting the host city. Korean students also had positive intention to watch, to attend the Winter Olympics, and to visit the host city than the American students. With regard to the findings, the differenct approaches need to be developed between two nations. Cultural differences found in this study would affect the host city’s promotional efforts. / text

This thesis examined the prejudiced attitudes toward homosexuals among university students in Japan, and the relationships of these attitudes with the students' demographic information, contact experiences with homosexuals, attitudes toward men's and women's roles, and living experience in foreign countries. In addition, this thesis compared Japanese and American university students' prejudice toward homosexuals. Survey data were collected from 166 university students in Japan, which is then compared to data on 956 university students in the United States (Baunach and Burgess 2002). The regression results demonstrated that Japanese respondents who had contact with homosexuals and who had relatively egalitarian gender role attitudes were less prejudiced than those who had no contact and who had relatively traditional gender role attitudes. American students expressed more prejudiced attitudes toward homosexuals than Japanese students. Even after controlling for gender, parents' education, gender role attitudes, and contact experiences, American students were more prejudiced than Japanese students.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

The thesis addresses the introduction of a supra-national instrument; a European directive on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) into national contexts of land-use planning in three countries; Sweden, Iceland and England. The directive ”On the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment” was agreed upon by the European Commission on the 21st of June 2001 and was to be transposed to national legislation by 21st of June 2004. The introduction of these requirements meant that the countries needed to make legal adjustments and implement it at the different levels of planning. Many EU member countries, including those studied in the thesis, had some experience of environmental assessment of plans and programmes prior to the introduction of the SEA directive. SEA has as a concept and a tool in planning in national and international debate on Environmental Assessment and planning for the last two decades. Hence, the SEA directive was introduced to an existing context of environmental assessment in planning and the preparation of the directive has drawn on substantial conceptual development and practical experience of strategic environmental assessment in various forms. The aim of this research is to shed a light on the transposition of the SEA directive into a national legal framework and how the introduction relates to the countries’ planning contexts and previous application of SEA-like instruments. In the thesis an overview is given of the way the directive is transposed to the national legal system of the three countries and the existing planning framework is described. The results from the national reviews are analysed in relation to the contents of the directive and the international and Nordic academic debate regarding the purpose and role of SEA, related to the characteristics of the planning system. The research shows differences in the legal and planning contexts to which the SEA requirements have been introduced in the three countries. Despite of those, the legal requirements follow closely the contents of the directive. However, the expectations towards the directive expressed by national officials and politicians, the recommendations in the way the legal SEA requirements shall be implemented, differ between the countries as well as references to other processes; land-use planning and the practices of Environmental Impact Assessment and Sustainability Appraisal. The thesis is the result of a project within the interdisciplinary research programme MiSt, “Tools for environmental assessment in strategic decision making” at BTH funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The project has been carried out at Nordregio, the Nordic Centre for Spatial Development, Stockholm. / MiSt Report 6

No description available.

Cohabitation (comparative study) The purpose of my thesis is comparison of actual state of coexistence between men and women. with the institution of marriage from the respective of private law. The tesis is composed of nine chapters. Each of them deal with a comparison of unmarried partnerships and mariiage from another perspective. Moreover the paper also contains the intoduction and the conclusion. Chapter number one generally defines the concepts od family, cohabitation and marriage. Chapter number two provides a view of cohabitation and marriage in terms of their origin. Chapter number three compares unmarried cohabitation and marriage in terms of their extinction. The fourth chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part one describes personal relationships between unmaried partners, the second deals with the same relationships between spouses. The fifth chapter contains a discussion of property relations between unmarried partners, and spouses. Contents included under subsections interpretation of marriage relates to the origin of community property, its subject, the administration of the property, modifying agreements between husbands and termination of community property. Chapter number six deals with the relationships between cohabitants and spouses to the child and parental responsibility....

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, humanitarian intervention became an important pillar in the emerging new world order. From 1989 to 1995, 96 violent civil confrontations have occurred, but 91 of them did not result in humanitarian interventions. Here comes the question: Why? Why there were interventions in Iraq, Bosnia, and Kosovo and not in Rwanda, the Sudan, and Tajikistan? These are the main questions that the following study aims to answer. Particularly, the issue of American humanitarian intervention is scrutinized. The casual factors of interventions are examined to explain the selectivity of American Humanitarianism. Furthermore, a theory building is initiated to outline a model of variables which will allow to explain the combination of which casual factors leads to which form of intervention or non-intervention.

In the 1830s, students at Oxford University began using the word coach as a slang expression for a tutor who carried a student through an exam (Coach, 2011). Nowadays, the word is seen as a metaphor for a person supporting another person to achieve an imagined goal (Johansson & Wahlund, 2009). Hilmarsson (2006) says that everyone acts as a coach from time to time, and Strandberg (2009) argues students in Sweden today want to be coached. However, it is hard to find schools where they claim they practice coaching. Because the word coach is ubiquitously used, many who today work with coaching are in fact inappropriately trained (Grant, 2010; Williams, 2008). Thus, by using a questionnaire as well as interviewing two students and a coach, I wanted to investigate whether coaching made any difference to how students perceived their English learning. 63 students and one coaching teacher participated in this study, where the findings demonstrated that there were other aspects which had a higher impact on students‟ perceptions of their English learning than the terminology used to describe the educational method practiced in their particular school.