Congestion threshold is embedded in the congestion definition. Two basic approaches exist in current practice for setting the congestion threshold. One common approach uses the “free-flow” or unimpeded conditions as the congestion threshold. Another approach uses target or “acceptable” conditions. The limited research that has been conducted on the congestion threshold issue focuses on operational problems or policy debates, but relatively little investigation of the effect on decision-making for transportation investment and resource allocation. This research investigated the differences inherent in the threshold choices using detailed freeway data from seven metropolitan areas. Congestion performance measures of delay per mile, Travel Time Index and Planning Time Index were evaluated. This research specifically examined: 1) the ranking values of congestion measure for different congestion thresholds under a variety of real-world travel time distributions, 2) the relationship between change of congestion threshold and change of performance measure, and 3) the appropriateness of using speed limit as a congestion threshold choice by evaluating the peak and off-peak average speed changes in relation to a speed limit change in Houston, Texas. The rankings of congestion measures for freeway segments hold steady across the congestion thresholds ranging from 60 mph to 30 mph and across the congestion measures. From an investment point of view, the congestion threshold speed used is not a concern for funding allocation. The relationship between the delay values for an alternative threshold and the 60 mph threshold has a quadratic form. As the alternative threshold decreases further away from 60 mph, the increment is larger. The more congested a section is, the less the threshold affects measured congestion. For very congested sections, most of the delay is associated with speeds below 30 mph. The posted speed limit affects travel time distribution in the free flow driving condition but does not affect travel time distribution during congested driving conditions. However, if the speed limit or a percentage of speed limit is used to estimate the congestion, the amount of congestion may be underestimated because the free flow speed is higher than the speed limit.

No description available.

Thesis advisor: Richard Tresch / My thesis topic is an analysis of the effects that a congestion tax in mid-town Manhattan would have on drivers who normally drive there. A congestion charge was proposed in 2008 in an attempt to lessen traffic in Manhattan below 80th street, but it was struck down in the New York State Assembly. My thesis will look into the data the Assembly used to make its decision to reject the charge. I will then use this and other data to calculate my own elasticity and find hypothetical effects of a congestion tax in the area on drivers. Then I will formulate my own proposal on whether the charge would be seen as a progressive or regressive tax. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-87). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-60). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 136-140).

Dérégulation du marché de l'électricité a affiché de nombreux changements dans l'économie et a influencé les chercheurs à initier des études dans ce domaine. Italie fournit une étude de cas intéressante pour explorer le marché de l'électricité en raison de ses spécifications. Notre projet se compose de trois études quantitatives indépendant pour voir le marché de l'électricité Italien en trois angles différents. La première étude permet de répondre la question de la prévision causée par la volatilité du marché de l'électricité. Le résultat suggère une méthode de prévision alternative pour la modélisation de prix de l'électricité sur l'Italie. La deuxième recherche examine l'impact des énergies renouvelables sur l'apparition de la congestion et ses coûts. Nous analysons les propriétés quantitatives de l'estimation économétrique afin de comprendre le mécanisme économique et d'en tirer la suggestion de la politique. Enfin, la recherche finale analyse l'interdépendance des prix dans six macro-zones du marché italien de l'électricité. / Deregulation of electricity market has displayed many changes in the economy and has influenced researchers to initiate studies in this field. The issue of the deregulated arises as the volatility of the wholesale price increases because of the new mechanism in price determination. Italy provides an interesting case study for exploring the electricity market because of its specifications. Our project consists of three independent quantitative research to view the Italian electricity market in three different angles. The first study is aimed to address the forecasting issue caused by the volatility of electricity market. The result suggests alternative forecasting method for modelling electricity price on Italy and comparisons between univariate and panel framework. The second research examines the impact of renewable energy on the congestion occurrence and cost. We analyse quantitative properties of the econometric estimation in order to gain insight into the economic mechanism and to draw policy suggestion. Finally, the final research attempts to address the interdependence of prices in six macro-zones of the Italian electricity market.

No description available.

No description available.

A cluster-based router is a new router architecture that is composed of a cluster of commodity processing nodes interconnected by a high-speed and low-latency network. It inherits packet processing extensibility from the software router, and forwarding performance scalability from clustering. In this thesis, we describe a prototype cluster-based router, including the design of the cluster-based router architecture and the addressing of critical issues such as the design of a highly efficient communication layer, reduction of operating system overheads, buffer recycling and packet packing. By experimental evaluation, we expose its forwarding capacity scalability and latency variance. We also evaluate and analyze the potential hardware bottlenecks of its commodity processing nodes, and present the correlation between the reception and transmission capabilities of an individual port as well as ports on the same bus. We propose an adaptive scheduling mechanism based on system state information to manage the adverse effect of this correlation on the router performance. We also investigate internal congestion in the cluster-based router. To manage the internal congestion, we propose two backward explicit congestion notification schemes: a novel queue scheduling method and an optimal utility-based scheme. We show the effectiveness of these schemes either by ns-3 simulation, experimental evaluation, or both. We also analyze the stability of the optimal utility-based BECN internal congestion control scheme through theoretical proof, simulation and experimental evaluation.