Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004. / Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 182-196.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 87-106.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004. / Typescript (photocopy). Bibliography: leaves 195-202.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 120-139.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 143-164.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of California, Santa Cruz, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online. Restricted to UC campuses.

Thesis (M.S.)--Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, 2005. / Tables. Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-51).

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Valéria Lüders / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Artes, Comunicação e Design, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música. Defesa: Curitiba, 10/02/2017 / Inclui referências : f. 117-123 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa estudou a aprendizagem musical no contexto de coral infantil, por meio do processo criativo aliado ao movimento corporal, como recurso pedagógico. Especificamente, esses foram os objetivos: a) investigar a proposta do Sistema Laban para a prática coral infantil; b) estudar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem na perspectiva histórico-cultural de Lev S. Vigotski; e c) compreender a relação entre o processo criativo e os movimentos corporais na apropriação de conteúdos musicais. A hipótese para esse estudo é a de que a aprendizagem musical da afinação vocal, reprodução rítmica, identificação melódica e pulsação é facilitada quando o foco do trabalho são as práticas de movimentos corporais durante o processo criativo. Os pressupostos desta pesquisa relacionados à aprendizagem e desenvolvimento humano, foram fundamentados na teoria histórico-cultural de Lev S. Vigotski (2002, 2010, 2014), a qual compreende que estes processos são construídos nas relações com o meio, por intermédio de trocas entre parceiros sociais no processo de interação e mediação. O estudo do movimento foi compreendido na perspectiva de Rudolf Laban (1978, 1990), sob a ótica da Dança Educativa Moderna, e no tratamento do movimento corporal em suas relações com os quatro fatores de movimento: Tempo, Espaço, Fluxo e Peso. Quanto ao processo criativo, este estudo foi referenciado na perspectiva dos dois teóricos, Vigotski (2014) e Laban (1990). Optou-se pela pesquisa-ação, por oportunizar a intervenção no processo educacional. A ação pedagógica aconteceu em um grupo coral formado com crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade, regularmente matriculadas em uma escola da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Curitiba/PR. As aulas foram filmadas, com duração de uma hora e trinta minutos cada uma, totalizando em 19 horas e 30 minutos. Realizou-se uma avaliação, por meio da aplicação de um instrumento construído especificamente para esta pesquisa, aplicado individualmente para identificar o conhecimento musical dos participantes, anteriormente ao início da ação pedagógica, tendo sido o mesmo instrumento de avaliação, aplicado ao final das 19 horas e 30 minutos de aula. Ao final do estudo, constatou-se que é possível aprendizagem dos conteúdos musicais afinação vocal, reprodução rítmica, identificação melódica e pulsação utilizando-se como ferramenta pedagógica o processo criativo associado ao movimento corporal em aulas de canto coral. Como contribuição à área de Educação Musical e à produção científica em geral, apontou-se com este estudo, reflexões relativas ao corpo e ao processo criativo, no fazer musical. Palavras-chave: processo criativo; movimento corporal; prática coral infantil. / Abstract: The present research studies the way children learn music through creative process and corporal movement, as pedagogical resource. Specifically, has as objectives: a) to investigate the proposal of the Laban's System to the practice of children's choir; b) to study the process of teaching and learning in the cultural-historical perspective of Lev S. Vigotski; and c) to understand the relation between the creative process and the body movements on the appropriation of musical contents. The hypothesis of this research is that learning music: vocal pitch, rhythm reproduction, melodic identification and pulse; it is facilitated when the focuses of the work are the body movement's practices during the creative process. The postulates of this research, related to learning and human development, are based on Lev S. Vigotski's cultural- historical theory (2002, 2010, 2014). This theory includes these two processes built in relation to social area, through exchanges between social partners in the interaction and mediation process. The study of the movement comes from the perspective of Rudolf Laban (1978, 1990) and is thought along with Modern Educational Dance. The treatment of the corporal movement is linked with the four factors of movement: Time, Space, Flow and Weight. As for the creative process, this study is referenced in the perspective of the following two theoretical names: Vigotski (2014) and Laban (1990). We opted for action research, allowing intervention in the educational process. The pedagogical action was carried out with a children choir of children from 7 to 12 years old who were regularly enrolled in a school of the Curitiba/PR Municipal Teaching System. The classes have been filmed, they lasted one hour and thirty minutes each one, which includes in total nineteen hours and thirty minutes. It is in the context of this research that we created a tool to carry through an evaluation. We used that tool with all the children to check their previous knowledge of music before the beginning of the pedagogical action and at the end of the 19 hours and 30 minutes of class, using the same tool for evaluation. At the end of the study, we attest that it is possible to learn the following musical contents: vocal tuning, rhythmic reproduction, melodic identification and pulse using the creative process associated with body movement as a pedagogical tool in choir singing lessons. As a contribution to Music Education and to scientific production in general, the present study had pointed reflections about the body and the creative process, in music making. Keywords: Creative process; body/subject; children choir.

Hong Kong provides a marginal marine environment for coral growth due to its high latitude in addition to massive freshwater run-off from the Pearl River Delta. Previous studies have reported that Hong Kong waters nurture 84 species of scleractinian corals in 28 families distributed in various locations, especially the protected bays in the eastern waters. However, very little is known about the benthic composition and health of coral communities. This study aimed to 1) determine the benthic composition of local coral communities and understand the environmental determinants of coral coverage and coral community composition; 2) record coral colony size frequency distribution across these 33 sites to understand the patterns of coral recruitment in recent years; 3) quantify coral bioerosion and corallivory by the long-spined sea urchin and explore the feasibility of remediating the coral damage by a coral-associated portunid crab. Surveys were conducted at 33 sites in Hong Kong, which cover sites with the highest coral coverages that are mainly located in the north-eastern, east and south-eastern waters. A belt-transect photo quadrant method was applied. 22 hard coral genera were identified, among which the genera Porites, Platygyra and Pavona were found to be the most abundant. Most of the study sites were dominated by few genera of massive corals which led to a low diversity. Coral coverage was negatively associated with nutrient levels including nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter deposition rates based on sediment trap data. Apart from sedimentary parameters, coral coverage was also found to be strongly negatively correlated with the density of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum. Study sites were categorized into four different conservation classes with sites of higher diversity assigned a higher conservation value. These data could serve as a baseline for measuring changes in benthic composition in the future, and as a reference for management planning such as designating new marine parks. Determining the size structure can help predict how a population may change in the future and whether conservation efforts are effective in promoting the increase in numbers of individuals. To determine coral size structure in local waters, a video transect method was adopted to capture videos on the benthic substrates of the 33 study sites. In the laboratory, the video clips were analyzed to extract information on the size and growth form of all coral colonies along the transects. Size-frequency distribution plots generally showed a highly positive skewness, which indicated a dominance of small-sized (i.e. 10 - 30 cm) colonies, yet low in recruitment-sized (i.e. 5 cm) colonies. An examination of the size distribution of the most common genera showed that the distribution patterns were more genus-dependent rather than site-dependent. Also, massive corals were the most dominant growth form, while branching corals were the least common which was different from healthy tropical reefs. Apart from establishing a baseline of coral communities, coral bioerosion was further studied. Previous studies found that coral coverage and urchin density were negatively correlated in local waters. Further, severe coral bioerosion had been reported to cause community-level coral damage in several locations. Therefore, impact coral bioerosion by the sea urchin Diadema setosum and whether such impact could be remediated were further investigated in a series of controlled experiments in the field. Although sea urchins were reported to prevent shifting from coral-dominant to algae-dominate phase elsewhere, they were found to cause severe tissue loss and bioerosion at high densities in my study. Thalamita prymna, a common portunid crab in local coral communities, was found to effectively reduce coral damages including bioerosion and surface mortality. Crab predation, an overlooked relationship in coral reefs, can thus be exploited to control urchin corallivory and bioerosion. Prohibiting fish trapping in reef areas could reduce the by-catch of these crabs and protect reefs against urchin attack.

A monthly resolved, 133 year record of coral Sr/Ca variations has been developed from a massive Porites coral that was drilled in the shallow waters of a submerged carbonate platform (Sabine Bank, 15.9°S, 166.14°E) located ~50 km west of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. This truly open-ocean site, at which daily measurements of temperature and salinity are available for ~ 6 years, permits the reconstruction of local environmental variability using variations in coral skeletal geochemistry. Coral Sr/Ca-SST variations are well matched to variations in local SST, but bear little relation to changes in local SSS indicating little or no influence of salinity on coral Sr/Ca. The complete coral Sr/Ca-SST time series is characterized by abundant inter-annual variability, a strong trend towards warming (i.e., lower Sr/Ca values) from ~1980-2006. Interannual SSTA variations at Sabine Bank correspond reasonably well to SSTA variations from the central Pacific cool tongue (Niño 3.4 region), indicating that coral Sr/Ca variations record ENSO variability in the region. / text