As universities become increasingly more ethnically diverse, their campuses may change to support a multicultural student body. To prevent students from engaging only with students from their own country, campuses may include spaces that bring cultures together. These spaces must promote a sense of community while simultaneously, promoting safety, efficacy, comfort, self expression, and attachment for the individual. The robust body of literature on the academic, practical, social, and psychological obstacles faced by international students is adequately matched by the literature on the solutions universities have implemented thus far to help students overcome these obstacles (support programs, faculty training, multicultural events). However, intercultural connection and integration often occur on an interpersonal level, when domestic and international students engage in voluntary, pleasant, and casual contact in a built environment on a university campus. To understand how campus spaces may support interactions between domestic and international students, a three step research methodology was performed. The researcher conducted a survey, observation/behavioral mapping, and interviews. First, the survey identified each student participant's nationality, major, length of time at the university, preferred place on campus, and the activities they engaged in while there. Participants also assessed their preferences of the physical attributes of these places such as the place's proximity to other buildings, its overall appearance, ambient conditions, amenities, and its architectural features. Participants also assessed their perception of the place's behavioral attributes: safety, privacy, efficiency, and comfort. Next, the researcher engaged in observation and behavioral mapping of the top five places preferred by international students and the top five places preferred by domestic students. The researcher described the physical attributes in each place that support place attachment based on the literature, determined how the spaces were used, and the types of interactions that occurred there. Then, follow-up interviews with five international students and five domestic students were conducted. Interviewees explained in greater detail their preferences about their preferred place as well as their feelings of attachment, self-expression, and sense of community they experienced while in it. Lastly, interviewees answered questions regarding the circumstances of their interactions with students from other cultures. Survey and observation findings revealed student participants' preferences and perceptions of the physical and behavioral attributes of their chosen place. This data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations to identify what preferences and perceptions were shared by both student groups. Next, interview findings revealed the students' experiences with students from other cultures as well as their recommendations for physical changes to the place and to the campus that might increase these interactions. The interviews were coded to reveal emergent themes. The conclusions from the survey, observations, and interviews evaluated the relationship between the built environment on an American university campus and multicultural engagement among students. This relationship may be used to inform the design of future campus places so that they support the needs of an increasingly diverse student body. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Interior Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. / Spring Semester, 2014. / April 7, 2014. / Architecture, Campus, Culture, Design, Integration, University / Includes bibliographical references. / Lisa Waxman, Professor Directing Thesis; Jill Pable, Committee Member; Marlo Ransdell, Committee Member.

Holistic Interior Design is an interior design approach that integrates the functional needs of the built environment and the body, mind, and spirit of its occupants (Dossey, et al., 1998). The goal is to improve the quality of the built environment and the overall well-being of occupants (Montgomery, 2005; Schlacht, 2010; Trevelyan, 1998). As an integrative method, Holistic Interior Design requires a new understanding of the end users and their physical, psychological, and sociological needs (Hertzfeld, 2011). The goal of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the empirical studies of evidence-based design on color, light, integration of nature, and noise and the practices of Holistic Interior Designers. This study explored relevant literature on the impact feng shui, color, sustainability, integration of nature, light, aromatherapy, and sound management in relation to Holistic Interior Design. Information gathered from practicing Holistic Interior Designers explored Holistic Interior Design methodology and perceptions of methods to enhance well-being, that were linked to evidence-based design studies. For the purposes of this study, Holistic Interior Design was defined as interior design practices rooted in physiology, sociology, and psychology, that appeal to occupants' body, mind, and spirit to enhance well-being. In this study, the history behind and leading up to Holistic Interior Design, holistic healing, Holistic Architecture, Holistic Interior Design education, and Holistic Interior Design practice was explored. A word count was conducted of ten practicing Holistic Interior Designers' philosophy statements and descriptions of methods, revealing the common practices of feng shui, color, sustainability, integration of nature, light, aromatherapy, and sound management. Investigations were made into Holistic Interior Design's use of feng shui, color, sustainability, integration of nature, light, aromatherapy, and sound management, and what current scholarly literature had to say about these issues. The information gathered from the literature was used to provide insight into the aspects of the built environment that were reported as impactful to physiological, sociological, and psychological states. The word count of Holistic Interior Design methods led to the development of a questionnaire in which respondents assessed of images of typical waiting spaces. The results described the levels to which the participants' felt the waiting spaces rated in holistically applied color, light, integration of nature, and sound management, in relation to aspects of well-being, specifically, eliciting positive emotions, reducing stress, encouraging social interaction, and increasing states of arousal. Also respondents' suggestions for holistically improving these spaces were analyzed and graphically interpreted through digital renderings. The comments of responding Holistic Interior Designers suggested that Holistic Interior Design is an intuitive and perceptual process to enhance the well-being of occupants. Despite the subjective nature of this process, suggestions to improve each space were rarely in contradiction, and were supported by empirical evidence from scientific studies. The gathered data revealed connections between Holistic Interior Design practices and evidence-based design research on well-being, color, light, integration of nature, and noise. This suggested a link between the intuitive practices of Holistic Interior Design and empirical data in these areas. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Interior Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. / Spring Semester, 2014. / November 12, 2013. / Color, Evidence-Based Design, Holism, Holistic Interior Design, Light, Nature / Includes bibliographical references. / Marlo Ransdell, Professor Directing Dissertation; Jill Pable, Committee Member; Jim Dawkins, Committee Member.

Despite significant gains in healthcare design knowledge in the past few decades, sources suggest that designing built environments for ill children is an area needing further exploration (Bishop & Said, 2010; Carney et al., 2003). A primary reason is that hospitalized children are a compromised population, and thus difficult to research directly. Further, known design criteria for ill adults may not be appropriate for children, as their physical size and cognitive ability are different from that of adults (Borgers, De Leeuw, & Hox, 2000). However, literature and guidelines on designing environments for healthy children exist, and these findings may provide knowledge assistive in shaping the design of pediatric healthcare facilities for child cancer patients. In order to examine this premise, this author's study combines literature from three areas - childcare facilities for healthy children, general healthcare facilities, and oncology - with the goal of creating guidelines for healthcare spaces that attend to a child's holistic well-being. One of the oncology studies gathered that researched the quality of life in cancer survivors (Ferrell, Dow & Grant,1995) identified four general categories that contribute to the overall wellness of the cancer survivor: physical, social, psychological, and spiritual. It is logical to presume that these categories might also be used to help maintain balanced wellness during the cancer and cancer treatments. In order to verify this assumption, the author cross-compared this study with others (including those concerning healthy children and hospitalized adults) and noticed the significance of these four factors in other areas of research. The author has used these four categories of human wellness as a means to address the presence and non-presence of holistic design factors within the built environment of a case study pediatric oncology facility. Based on additional research, actionable features were extrapolated from the four general factors into a set of design criteria for ten spaces within the built environment believed to contribute the largest impact among child cancer patients (the study's focus user population). These features were further organized into a checklist-style instrument referred to in this study as the "Holistic Design Criteria". In order to examine the utility and fit of these ideas, the criteria was first used to evaluate the present state of a single case study pediatric facility through observation and staff interviews, seeking to understand how the factors might already be incorporated or where they might be lacking. These evaluations were then cross-compared with four interviews with nursing staff members employed at the case study facility. Finally, the author used these original research findings to guide the hypothetical redesign of the case study facility, putting the criteria's findings into practice. Through the completion of this study, it was revealed that the case study pediatric facility largely lacked built environment features that are believed to inspire spiritual and social wellness. The facility was found to contain some features that are believed to inspire physical and psychological wellness, such as patient-painted ceiling tiles (psychological) and sound-dampening surfaces (physical) throughout the fourth floor inpatient hallway. In order to supplement the loss, this researcher proposed increasing social and psychological wellness by altering the six inpatient rooms along the east edge of the northern hallway into three suite-style rooms which better accommodate large families. In addition, throughout the inpatient hallways, each portion of the inpatient rooms are grouped by a color and given an aesthetic identity within the hallway in order to increase a sense of community and identity for the patients (social, psychological wellness). This is created through focal ceiling drops and floor color changes in order to signal the entrance to an inpatient room. Within the inpatient rooms themselves, additional areas for personalization and self-expression have also been included (social, psychological wellness). It was also revealed through both interviews and observation that opportunities for psychological wellness through nature were difficult to access within the observed fourth floor wing of the hospital, mainly due to the site's current orientation and state, as well as the focus populations' health prohibiting them from coming in contact with plant life. As a result, the researcher proposes renovating the main hallway on the fourth floor to become a psychological escape for patients, medical professionals and families from throughout the fourth floor (psychological, spiritual wellness). The design proposal details expanding this hallway in three segments onto the asphalt roof covering the NICU below, and replacing a portion of the asphalt near the hallway with a low-lying rooftop garden. This way, patients can view nature and experience it without becoming exposed to the associated germs or contaminates (psychological, physical wellness), and the garden will also benefit the hospital by reducing heat reflectivity into the hallway (physical). Through redesigning the facility to increase opportunities for physical, psychological, social and spiritual wellness among child cancer patients, it is the belief of this researcher that that the proposed design may support healing among the user population. Literature review proposes that holistic wellness design could be of benefit to this population, and the observation and interviews conducted in this study support this concept. It is the goal of this study to add to the body of knowledge for pediatric oncology design, as well as bring attention to and awareness of the potential benefit of designing for holistic wellness in pediatric oncology facilities. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Interior Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. / Summer Semester, 2014. / July 9, 2014. / Childcare, Design, Healthcare, Holistic, Interior, Pediatric / Includes bibliographical references. / Jill B. Pable, Professor Directing Thesis; Lisa K. Waxman, Committee Member; Steven Webber, Committee Member.

A fundamental need of human culture is to eat, and therefore to have food available to its citizens. Unfortunately, agricultural and distribution practices have reduced many communities to "food deserts" where healthy, fulfilling food is scarce (Walker, 2012). Present agricultural methods that evolved from the Industrial Revolution consume copious amounts of fossil fuels from planting to shipping operations, only to generate interminable amounts of unhealthy processed foods. Current industrial farming methods used have had unintended consequences on public health, local economies, and substantial negative impacts of the earth's ecosystems (Despommier, 2010). Many agree that present food distribution channels and farm-to-fork methods require an overhaul in order to preserve limited natural resources for future generations. The future may be the concept of the urban farm. Food distribution channels and procedures are central to the success of this new idea and therefore serve as the main focus of this study. With an effective distribution process, harvested food from vertical farms allows opportunities for food related stakeholders to invest their business operations within the facility's campus and continue to thrive and serve their customers. The purpose of the study was to discover how the built environment could support a new food distribution system that increases access to healthy food. In the first phase, the study examined the yearly baseline amount of vegetables necessary to feed approximately 10,000 residents located within .5 miles (walking distance) and one mile of the project's hypothetical location. Using USDA daily recommendation guidelines, the researcher found that the hypothetical urban farm could produce food for 940 of the 10,000 people per year in the study area by farming ten floors at 6885 square feet each on a 365-day cycle. In addition, she discovered that 700 of the 10,000 people living in that area were considered Low Income (LI) and Low Access (LA) by the USDA, meaning that they faced economic challenges coupled with transportation hardships in getting to the nearest supermarket. Therefore, the researcher proposed that the vertical farm could potentially produce at least enough food to fulfill the needs of the most vulnerable population, those considered Low Income (LI) and Low Access (LA) by the USDA Food Access Research Locator (2012). Second, the study examined the forces at play that would affect a successful urban food distribution system. Hypothetical food stakeholders were queried through a pre-questionnaire, a design charrette, and a post-questionnaire to determine how the workflow efficiencies of an urban food hub would be most effectively designed to provide success for its stakeholders' businesses. These hypothetical stakeholders included farmers, a restaurateur, farmers' market managers, grocery store representatives, and community food related advocates. The research questions were filtered through the framework of four of Peña and Parshall's concepts from Problem Seeking, An Architectural Primer, (2001), specifically 1) Priority, 2) Relationships, 3) Communications, and 4) Neighbors. Some of the major emergent themes that resulted from the research component of this thesis were as follows: * Food brokers are necessary for small, local farmers and were missing presently from local food distribution channels; * The educational component in teaching both children and adults about healthy food preparation was critical in combatting some of the problems associated with food challenges; and, * Public perception of a vertical farm and urban food hub would drive its type of users. With this information, the researcher knew that it was important to address these themes in the design process. The ultimate goal of the vertical farm and urban food hub was to make it successful for its food stakeholders while being inclusive to all members of the community, regardless of economic status. With that information, a solution was devised that included the renovation of two existing buildings. The first was a multi-story, 100,000 square foot, hexadecagon structure where the lower floor became a Market, a Food Broker's Office, and a Seed Library. The first floor was made into the Eatery with an exterior K-12 Teaching Garden. The second floor was designated as administrative support, facilities operations, and a plant nursery. In addition, the third through twelfth floors became the growing space for the vertical farm that supported these distribution outlets. Parking area on the site was allotted as space for a recurring farmers' market. The second building, a one-story 5000 square foot structure became a Shared-Use Kitchen for start-up food entrepreneurs to launch their food businesses. This building also included area for a Studio Teaching Kitchen that the general public could attend cooking demonstrations. This study found that the success of a new food distribution system is dependent in part on the physical architecture that supports its new needs in an economically viable way for these vendors and their consumers. Planning spaces for growing food, in addition to the supporting areas that facilitate its distribution, provided options in progressing toward a more sustainable future. These measures can then address challenges that range from obesity and malnutrition to environmental preservation. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Interior Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. / Summer Semester, 2014. / July 9, 2014. / Agri-Tecture, Community Food Systems, Food Channel Distribution, Food Deserts, Urban Farming, Vertical Farming / Includes bibliographical references. / Jill Pable, Professor Directing Thesis; Marlo Ransdell, Committee Member; Steven Webber, Committee Member.

Inaug.-Diss.--Halle--Wittenberg. / Lebenslauf. Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Inaug. diss.--Leipzig. / "Literaturezur primitiven ornamentik": p. [xv]-xxiii. Studiengang.

Theis--Giessen. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-125).

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis--Copenhagen. / At head of title: J. Brondsted.