Thesis_Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3814. Adviser: Arthur F. Kramer. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3822. Adviser: James Rounds. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-98) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

<p> The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between a history of abuse and exposure to unwanted sexual materials and solicitation online. Specifically, this study assessed the association between an abuse or trauma history and experiences of online solicitation among youth. Also, analysis included examining whether males or females with a history of abuse had higher rates of online exploitation. Archival data from the Youth Internet Safety Survey (YISS) 1, conducted in the year 2000, and YISS 2, conducted in the year 2005, were analyzed to determine if there was an association a trauma or abuse history and sexual solicitation online. For YISS-1, from a total sample of 1,501 youth, there were 119 youth who reported online sexual solicitation in the past year and 12 who identified a history of sexual abuse in the past year. For YISS-2, from a total sample size of 1,500, there were 105 youth who reported online sexual solicitation in the past year and 20 who identified a history of sexual abuse in the past year. Analysis of this data indicated an association between abuse history and sexual solicitation online. In both samples, children who reported a history of sexual abuse were more likely to report online sexual solicitation (x</p><p>2(1) = 18.96, p &lt; 0.001;x</p><p>2(1) = 57.34, p &lt; 0.001). Although statistically significant, both ofthese associations were weak (&phiv; = 0.113, p &lt; .001; &phiv; = 0.196, p =&lt; .001). Due to the small sample size of youth who reported a history of abuse and the results should be interpreted with caution. In addition, for both years 2000 and 2005, there were no significant differences found between male and female youth with a reported abuse history and their sexual solicitation online (x</p><p>2(1) = 0.78, p = .38; x</p><p>2(1) = 2.40, p = .12). It isimportant for professionals to learn if a history of abuse will carry over into an online world and potentially re-traumatize young individuals. This information would have implications for how the mental health community develops intervention strategies and education programs.</p>

<p> Children diagnosed with ASD and their parents often find themselves in difficult situations concerning their child's behavior while in public, and the responses from the public are usually negative (Chambres, Auxiette, Vansingle, &amp; Sandrine, 2008). The purpose of this study was to describe responses towards a child with ASD having a tantrum. We evaluated how knowing the child's diagnosis, understanding of the behavioral characteristics of ASD, and dispositional empathy related to the responses towards the tantrum. The findings from this study suggest that while it is helpful to disclose an ASD diagnosis, it is not necessarily more helpful to explain the characteristics and nature of ASD in order to elicit an empathic response from others. Revealing that the child was diagnosed with ASD leads to more empathic responses regarding the child and mother. The level of dispositional empathic concern and perspective taking an individual had correlated with their responses to the child and mother's behavior in the tantrum situation.</p>

<p> In recent years students' academic engagement has gained increasing favor as a necessary component of authentic learning experiences. However, less research has focused on what students do when they run into everyday problems in school that allows them to return (or not) to a state of ongoing engagement. Expanding on these ideas, this project explores students' <i>motivational resilience</i> in school, that is, the dynamic interactions among their ongoing engagement, emotional reactivity, academic coping, and re-engagement after encounters with difficulties and setbacks in school. Grounded in an established motivational model based on Deci &amp; Ryan's (1985) self-determination theory, and building on earlier studies suggesting that these components of motivational resilience form self-reinforcing internal dynamics (Skinner, Pitzer, &amp; Steele, 2015), this project comprises two free-standing manuscripts that examined key components of this process. </p><p> Study 1 explored the external dynamics of motivational resilience within a single school year to identify the extent to which outside forces (e.g., students' experiences of teacher support and self-system processes) can shape students' motivational systems which tend to be self-sustaining. The study used data from 1020 3^rd through 6^th grade students to examine feedforward and feedback effects between students' composite motivational resilience and a set of hypothesized antecedents and consequences, and also investigated whether teacher support can shift established motivational patterns. </p><p> Study 2 looked more closely at motivational resilience and its antecedents and consequences as students made the transition from elementary to middle school. Data following 281 students as they moved from fifth to sixth grade were used to test a structural model examining the extent to which students' ongoing engagement and teacher support act as resources that encourage adaptive coping and re-engagement, which then lead to continued engagement and subsequent achievement. Students' coping was explored as a particularly important mediator between students' resources at the beginning of fifth grade and their subsequent motivational actions and achievement. The study also examined differences in patterns of motivation across the transition for students who had high levels of teacher support and adaptive coping profiles as compared with students who had fewer of such resources. </p><p> This project provides a deeper understanding of students' experiences in dealing with everyday challenges and struggles in school, especially during the transition to middle school. Discussion focuses on the utility and potential drawbacks of examining the individual components of students' motivational resilience through this conceptual lens, with suggestions for next steps for future research. Implications of this model for improving students' academic development highlight the important role teachers can play in supporting or undermining students' ability to bounce back after encounters with setbacks. </p>

No description available.

<p> The purpose of this study was to determine the images of aging of a small sample of Early Baby Boomers born between 1946 and 1951. The Baby Boomers are a generation consisting of those born between 1946 and 1964. This study focuses on a narrower range of birth years in order to capture the images of aging of those now 60 and over who came of age in the 1960s and early 1970s. They represent the first wave of the Baby Boom Generation to reach age 65, society's marker of "old age." Baby Boomers are the largest generation in history and currently 10,000 of them are turning 65 every day. The questions posed in this study were to explore how these Early Baby Boomers expect to age, how their generational experience influences their image of aging, and how that image differs from that of previous generations. </p><p> Using a phenomenological and hermeneutical research method, eight men and eight women with like ethnic, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics were interviewed. Through recordings and verbatim transcriptions the collective meaning of life, aging influences, fears, and expected life spans were determined. The collective results were compared to literature of aging stereotypes of previous generations. This select group reported that they will not age and are surprised when experiencing small signs of aging. Work is what brings meaning to their lives and they have no plans of retiring. They expect to maintain control over the length and quality of their lives. These Early Baby Boomers expect to establish a new image of aging. </p><p> As the numbers of Baby Boomers age and lifespan lengthens, unavoidable losses will occur. Researchers predict an increase in depression, addiction, and dementia. The Early Baby Boomer expects their needs to be met and as those losses occur they will increasingly seek mental health professionals to "fix" their emotional responses. It is important for mental health professionals to understand the unique generational lens from which Boomers view aging in order to provide quality assessment, recommendations, referral, and treatment. </p><p> Key words: boomer; aging; generation; image; mental health; retirement; lifespan.</p>

<p> The goal of this research was to study differences in cognitive performance on verbal and quantitative measures among subjects of different ages. Data was gathered on subjects ranging in age from 16 to 80 years of age from birth-cohorts from 1927 to 1990. In addition to year of birth, personal characteristics of gender, race/ethnicity and undergraduate area of study were obtained. Multilevel models were built that predict cognitive performance as a function of age, cohort and other non-independent personal characteristics . Verbal performance rises as the age of the test-taker rises; quantitative performance declines as the age of the test-taker rises. After controlling for the race/ethnicity and gender of the test-taker, there are both age and cohort effects for verbal and quantitative models. On the verbal measure, the cohort effect favors those test-takers born at an earlier time. There is an interaction between age and cohort on the quantitative measure. This data is secondary analysis and the records are from those test-takers who choose to take a consequential assessment. When the multilevel models are produced independently for those test-takers ages 20-39 and those ages 40-64, different results are seen between the two age groups. There is little difference in performance for 20-39 year olds on the verbal measure other than a positive effect for age at time of test. For the test-taker aged 40-64, there is a positive effect due to age, a positive cohort effect and a negative interaction effect between age and science study. Comparing the 20-39 year olds with the 40-64 year olds on the quantitative measure, the decline in performance for the older group is one-fourth the rate of decline in the younger group. For the quantitative measure, after controlling for age, there is a positive cohort effect for both age groups. </p>