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Evaluación experimental del uso de gas natural en un motor diesel aplicado a la generación eléctrica bajo condiciones atmosféricas a nivel del marRamos Rosales, Leonardo Steve 28 November 2017 (has links)
En estos últimos años, se ha incrementado la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas energéticas
para hacer frente a la demanda de combustible, en generación eléctrica y demás
aplicaciones. Por tal motivo, se vienen estudiando distintos tipos de combustibles
alternativos, y a su vez, las diferentes formas de su uso en motores de combustión interna.
En el presente trabajo de tesis, se evaluó los efectos de la sustitución parcial del
combustible diesel por el gas natural sobre el rendimiento y emisiones contaminantes de un
motor Diesel aplicado a la generación eléctrica. Para ello se implementó un banco de
pruebas capaz de registrar las variables asociadas al funcionamiento del grupo electrógeno
y se realizaron algunas modificaciones en el motor para suministrar gas natural en la línea
de admisión del aire. Además, se diseñó un banco resistivo para variar la carga impuesta al
motor.
La metodología de las pruebas experimentales consistió en evaluar 6 niveles de carga y en
cada una de ellos se analizó el funcionamiento en el modo Diesel original y en el modo
diesel/gas natural. Para este último se definió 4 distintos niveles de consumo de gas natural.
Luego de las pruebas realizadas se encontró que para todos los niveles de carga, se logró
reemplazar más del 80% del consumo de diesel por gas natural; en estos niveles de
sustitución y en cargas altas el rendimiento del grupo electrógeno permaneció
prácticamente constante. Por otra parte, las emisiones de NOx se redujeron para todos los
niveles de carga cuando se alcanzaron los máximos niveles de sustitución de diesel por gas
natural; sin embargo existe un aumento en las emisiones de HC y CO, especialmente
cuando se aplicaron bajos niveles de carga eléctrica. / Tesis
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Efectos de la restricción parcial del aire de admisión e incremento de la temperatura de la mezcla aire-gas natural en un motor diesel funcionando en el modo diesel/gasChevarría Mar, Alvaro Rodrigo 14 October 2017 (has links)
Un motor Diesel funcionando en modo Diesel/gas y a cargas bajas tiende a
disminuir su rendimiento y producir más emisiones de hidrocarburos (HC) y
monóxido de carbono (CO) en los gases de escape, especialmente cuando se
utilizan altas proporciones de sustitución de gas natural.
Por tal motivo en esta investigación se utilizan dos técnicas para controlar las
emisiones de estos contaminantes y mejorar el rendimiento efectivo del motor,
la restricción parcial del aire de admisión, para producir una mezcla de gas
natural-aire eficazmente rica y el incremento de la temperatura de la mezcla airegas
natural, para promover una mejor combustión.
Un motor Diesel adaptado a un banco de pruebas en el Laboratorio de Energía
de la PUCP que funciona en modo diesel original y modo Diesel/gas natural se
utiliza a través de la experimentación.
Se analizan los parámetros del consumo específico de combustibles (diesel y
gas), rendimiento efectivo, presión en el interior del cilindro y emisiones de HC,
CO y óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) en los gases de escape. Los ensayos son
realizados en una amplia gama de condiciones de funcionamiento (velocidad del
motor, carga y relación de sustitución Diesel/gas).
La eficiencia efectiva y las emisiones de HC, CO y NOx del modo Diesel/gas se
encuentra afectadas cuando se utiliza la restricción parcial de aire y una mayor
temperatura de la mezcla aire - gas natural. Los resultados demuestran que es
posible mejor las prestaciones del modo Diesel/gas en el uso de ambas técnicas. / Tesis
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Desenvolvimento de modelos quimiométricos associados à espectroscopia no infravermelho para determinação de parâmetros físico-químicos do óleo diesel /Nespeca, Maurílio Gustavo. January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: José Eduardo de Oliveira / Banca: Marcos Roberto Monteiro / Banca: Danilo Luiz Flumignan / Resumo: Tendo em vista que o óleo diesel é o derivado energético do petróleo mais consumido no Brasil, torna-se imprescindível o desenvolvimento de métodos de monitoramento capazes de avaliar a qualidade deste combustível de forma rápida, econômica e não destrutiva. Deste modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de modelos quimiométricos com capacidade de estimar os parâmetros físico-químicos do óleo diesel (mistura B5) através de análises espectroscópicas nas regiões do infravermelho médio e próximo. Os parâmetros físico-químicos estimados foram: teor de biodiesel; massa específica; pontos de ebulição das frações 10%, 50% e 85% destiladas, índice de cetano; enxofre total e ponto de fulgor. Em oito meses, 409 amostras de óleo diesel S1800 e S500 da região Centro-Oeste Paulista foram selecionadas de forma representativa por Análise Hierárquica de Agrupamento e divididas em conjuntos de calibração (273 amostras) e validação (136 amostras). Os valores de referência foram obtidos por meio de ensaios realizados utilizando-se métodos ABNT e ASTM, estabelecidos na Resolução ANP Nº 65 de 2011. Os modelos de calibração foram desenvolvidos através dos métodos de regressão Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS) e Regressão por Componentes Principais (PCR), avaliando-se o uso de pré-processamentos de dados e seleção de faixas espectrais. A validação dos modelos demonstrou que a eliminação de faixas espectrais ruidosas e o uso de derivação e suavização dos dados centrados na média resultaram em modelos mais ajustados, com maior coeficiente de correlação e menor erro de predição. Todos os modelos PLS desenvolvidos em ambas as regiões do infravermelho apresentaram valores de exatidão e precisão aceitáveis quando comparados aos valores de reprodutibilidade e repetibilidade dos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Given that diesel is the most consumed petroleum derived fuel in Brazil, it is essential to develop monitoring methods capable of evaluating the quality of this fuel in a fast, economical and non-destructive analysis. Thus, this study aimed to develop chemometric models capable of estimating the physicochemical parameters of diesel (B5 blend) by spectroscopic analysis in the mid-infrared and near regions. The physicochemical parameters estimated were: biodiesel content, density, distillation temperatures at 10%, 50% and 85% recovery, cetane number, total sulfur, and flash point. In eight months, 409 samples of diesel S1800 and S500 of the Centro-Oeste Paulista region were representatively selected by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and divided into sets of calibration (273 samples) and validation (136 samples). The reference values were obtained from tests using ABNT and ASTM methods, established in Resolution ANP Nº 65 of 2011. The calibration models were developed through regression methods Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR), and the use of pre-processing data and selection of spectral regions were evaluated. Validation of the models demonstrated that the elimination of noisy spectral regions and the use of derivative, smooth and mean center data resulted in fitted models with higher correlation coefficient and lowers prediction error. All developed PLS models in both regions of the infrared showed acceptable values of accuracy and precision when compared to the values of reproducibility and repeatability of the reference methods. So the use of infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric models proved to be able to estimate the physicochemical parameters of diesel. Thus, the use of infrared spectroscopy associated with chemometric models proved able to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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A comparison of steady state and transient emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engineBane, Bradley R. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 173 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-160).
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The effects of fuel additives on diesel engine emissions during steady state and transient operationNuszkowski, John. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 144 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-113).
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A Study of Soot Cake Formation in a Diesel Particulate FilterCharbonneau, Paul 30 July 2009 (has links)
A methodology was developed to dissect diesel particulate filters to study the time effect of loading for two different fuels: ULSD and a biodiesel blend. Filters loaded with soot from a diesel engine for exposure times of 1, 2, 5 and 10 hours were fractured and samples of filter substrates were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Observations revealed the sharp rise in pressure drop to be attributable to the clogging of the pores in the channel wall, leading to the formation of a pore-bridge. Cross sectional imaging of wall sections revealed this pore-bridge to be shallow, with significant particulate depositions limited to the first quarter of the depth of the filter walls. Images revealed increasingly dense deposits and the formation of coarse particles and soot cakes. Raman spectroscopy revealed no significant graphitization of the soot cake. The dissection methodology exhibits significant potential for future studies on DPFs.
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A Study of Soot Cake Formation in a Diesel Particulate FilterCharbonneau, Paul 30 July 2009 (has links)
A methodology was developed to dissect diesel particulate filters to study the time effect of loading for two different fuels: ULSD and a biodiesel blend. Filters loaded with soot from a diesel engine for exposure times of 1, 2, 5 and 10 hours were fractured and samples of filter substrates were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Observations revealed the sharp rise in pressure drop to be attributable to the clogging of the pores in the channel wall, leading to the formation of a pore-bridge. Cross sectional imaging of wall sections revealed this pore-bridge to be shallow, with significant particulate depositions limited to the first quarter of the depth of the filter walls. Images revealed increasingly dense deposits and the formation of coarse particles and soot cakes. Raman spectroscopy revealed no significant graphitization of the soot cake. The dissection methodology exhibits significant potential for future studies on DPFs.
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The effects of diesel fuel density on fuel consumption measurements of portable in-use emissions measurement systemsArter, Micah. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 91 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-62).
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The effect of the initial coolant temperature of an EGR equipped engine on NOx emissions during a cold start FTP cycleDickson, Bryan Scott. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 52 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-49).
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A policy analysis of the liquefied petroleum gas vehicles scheme in Hong Kong /Wan, Ah-wai, Angie. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.
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