There are many public health organizations with guidelines concerning the best first-aid treatment for burn injuries. The Australian and New Zealand Burn Association recommends that a burn wound should be cooled with tap water (8-20°C) for 20 minutes, up to three hours after the injury has occurred. However, the evidence that these guidelines are based on is inconclusive and contradictory. As a result of the conflicting published data, there is controversy over whether ice water or ice may confer any beneficial wound healing effects, and what temperature of water is optimal. In the wider community there are also many different alternative therapies believed to be beneficial for the treatment of burn injuries which do not have much evidence to support their use. In this study, patients were found to use agents such as Aloe vera, tea tree oil dressings, butter, toothpaste, papaya ointment and moisturizer on the burn wound. The aim of this work was to review the current field of first-aid treatment for burn injuries and obtain evidence for the optimum first aid treatment using a good animal model, with clinically relevant assessments of wound healing and scar formation. The mechanisms behind the best first aid treatment were also investigated in an effort to better understand and identify the factors involved in optimal wound healing. Studies showed that cool running water at 15°C and 2°C improved the speed of wound healing, gave a better cosmetic outcome and decreased amounts of scar tissue compared to untreated controls. Other treatments Aloe vera, tea tree oil dressings, ice and saliva did not improve wound healing compared to untreated controls. All cold treatments acted to decrease the subdermal temperature, however as the running water was beneficial for wound healing whereas the ice was not, this suggests that the running water acts through other non-thermal mechanisms. Further studies showed that immediate treatment with 15°C water for 20 minutes duration significantly improved the re-epithelialization for 2 weeks post-burn and decreased the distribution of scar tissue compared to untreated controls, however durations as short as 10 minutes and delays of treatment for 1 hour (and perhaps longer) were also beneficial. An audit of first aid used by pediatric patients demonstrated that although 86.1% of patients used first aid, only 12.1% applied the recommended first aid treatment of cold water for 20 or more minutes. For those that did use correct first aid, re-epithelialization time and number of hospital visits were significantly reduced for children with contact and flame burns, respectively. Inadequate first aid treatment was also found to be more common for children <3.5 years old and for friction burn injuries. These studies provide compelling evidence that correct first aid treatment of burn injuries results in improved clinical outcomes, which benefit the patient as well as health care providers. There is a definite need for greater public awareness concerning the correct first aid treatment to use for burn injuries.

Through the sculptural object, this thesis, in|form: The per formative object, explores the relationships between body and object, viewer and artist, performance and the per formative. By exploring the performativity of an object (and questioning how an object performs in relation to the body), the documented performances activate an inter-relational act between artist and object (I perform the object, the object performs me simultaneously). The work that unfolds from this investigation considers the placement of the viewer’s body in relation to the artist’s. A dialogue is formed between the three bodies: object, artist and viewer, creating a sense of embodiment within the work through this relationship. in|form explores this embodiment through the role of video documentation. The performances are constructed to be viewed solely through the documentation, which creates a discussion between the ‘live’ moment and the documented event, and how the viewer then relates to this. The performances take place as solo acts, but are constructed with the viewer in mind. As the viewer watches the documented performance of the action between artist and object in space, the relational nature of the work creates a second performance which embodies the viewer. This sole action, recorded and then viewed, considers the relational value of the body, specifically engaging with the abstraction of bodily formlessness within the object to reveal a bodily nature. Using the object to trace the movement of the body creates a language that communicates to, and about, both viewer and artist: through the awareness of passing time, through the large scale projection of the documentation, through the bodily nature of the object, and through the performativity of the object’s responsive nature to the artist’s body as the pair navigate through space. in|form explores how the absence of the body (in a literal sense) considers the body as an object bound by time, at once physical yet transient. By tracing the motion of the body through object, the viewer experiences the body through sensibility. Ultimately, the function of the body negotiating as a time-bound object is imitated through the performativity of the object with artist, and the elusiveness of this action emphasized by its documentation.

The global adoption and diffusion of conservation tillage has made considerable progress over the last 20 years. No-till and zero-tillage could be seen as representing the current technological end-point of the conservation tillage movement. This thesis uses descriptive statistics and both logit and duration regressions to analyse the influence of cross-sectional and time-dependent factors on the probability of no-till adoption by growers in Australia’s southern grain growing regions. Cross-section and time-series data on individual adoption decisions was gathered through interviews and employed in conjunction with generic time series data from various government agencies in a duration analysis modelling framework. Descriptive statistics suggest that weed management and herbicide resistance are important considerations for growers in their tillage decisions, predominantly due to the substitution of herbicides for the physical weed control provided by cultivation. Logit and duration regressions identify a number of significant factors influencing growers’ adoption decisions. These include growers’ perceptions of herbicide efficacy and sowing timeliness in no-till systems; the declining price of glyphosate relative to diesel; average annual rainfall and growers’ proximity to other adopters and opportunities to observe the beneficial effects of no-till. The results suggest that research and development of integrated weed management practices that are compatible with no-till systems is highly important if no-till systems are to be sustained in Australia’s southern wheatbelt. Such research and development should acknowledge the high value which growers place on locally generated information and the channels used to acquire such information, namely local extension events and consulting services. This thesis shows how duration analysis, with its ability to take account of both cross sectional and time-varying factors, can provide a statistical modelling framework better suited to the study of adoption decisions than traditional cross sectional methods based on logit and tobit analyses.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 1997. / Title from PDF t.p.

Thesis Ph. D.)(Soil Sciece)--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Title from opening screen (viewed Oct. 09, 2004). Includes bibliographical references).

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 26, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-102).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-99).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). "April 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. [117]-121). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.E.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). "31 May 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. R1-R5). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Bakgrund: Normal sömn är viktigt för en rad olika faktorer, bland annat för cellförnyelse och hormonreglering. Förekomsten av övervikt hos barn (Iso-BMI ≥25) och fetma hos barn (Iso-BMI ≥30) ökar i samhället. Övervikt och fetma ger sämre sömnkvalitét. Då sömn är en del av sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar är det eventuella problemet med sömnbrist vid övervikt/fetma viktigt att belysa. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att se om det finns samband mellan bukfetma och sömnduration hos barn mellan 7-13 år inom Uppsala län och jämföra detta mellan flickor och pojkar. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie där materialet har samlats in genom enkäter som varje deltagare besvarat tillsammans med föräldrarna. Enkäterna besvarades i samband med nybesök till Överviktsenheten Barn och ungdom på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Deltagarna bestod av 27 flickor och 22 pojkar. Resultat: Resultatet visade att det inte finns en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan flickor och pojkars sömnduration under vardagar eller helgdagar. Ett statistisk signifikant samband påvisades mellan stort bukomfång och kort sömnduration under vardagar för samtliga deltagare. Liknande samband kunde inte ses för sömnduration under helgdagar och bukomfång eller mellan sömnduration och bukhöjd. Slutsats: Det finns ett samband mellan stort bukomfång och kort sömnduration för barn mellan 7-13 år. Mer omfattande studier kring detta krävs för att resultatet ska kunna generaliseras över en stor grupp människor och för att kunna förstå varför resultatet blev som det blev. Inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan flickor och pojkars sömnduration kunde ses i arbetet och inte heller några samband mellan sömnduration och bukhöjd. / Background: Normal sleep is important for several different reasons, among others for the regeneration of cells and hormone regulation. The prevalence of overweight children (Iso-BMI ≥25) and obese children (Iso-BMI ≥30) has increased in society. Being overweight or obese can lead to poor sleep quality. As sleep is part of the responsibility of nurses, it is important to highlight the possible problems that result with a lack of sleep due to being overweight or obese. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between being overweight/obese and sleep duration in children aged 7-13 years in the Uppsala region and compare the results between genders. Method: A quantitative cross-section study in which the material has been collected with questionnaires that every participant and their parents have answered. The questionnaires were answered for a first time visit at the Overweight unit for children and youths at Uppsala University Hospital. The participants consisted of 27 girls and 22 boys. Results: The results showed that there is no statistical significant difference between girls and boys sleep duration at weekdays or weekends. There is a statistical significant correlation between a large abdominal size and short sleep duration in weekdays. The same correlation could not been seen between abdominal size and sleep duration during weekends nor between abdominal height and sleep duration. Conclusion: There is a correlation between a large abdominal size and short sleep duration in children aged 7-13 years. More embraced studies are needed to put the results over a large group of people and to find out why the result showed what it showed. No statistical significant differences were evident between girls and boys sleep duration or between sleep duration and abdominal height.