Thesis--Breslau. / On reel 83 beginning frame no. 741.

Thesis--Universitas Friderica Guilelma. / On reel 117 beginning frame no. 587.

De p-adiska talen vars främsta användningsområde ligger inom talteorin beskrevs först av den tyske matematikern Kurt Hensel 1897. För varje primtal p, så utvidgas talsystemet Q av rationella tal till ett större talsystem som betecknas Qp, de så kallade p-adiska talen. En annorlunda valuation av rationella tal ger ett så kallat icke-arkimediskt absolutbelopp samt en annan metrik än den vi är vana vid, en ultrametrik. Vilket gör att kroppen av p-adiska tal Qp får en annorlunda topologi. Ett icke-arkimediskt absolutbelopp har samma egenskaper som ett vanligt arkimediskt absolutbelopp, samt en extra egenskap nämligen . Avslutningsvis använder vi oss av Hensels lemma, vilken bygger på Newton-Raphsons metoden för att lösa ekvationer, för att bestämma om ett polynom har rötter i Zp och i så fall vilka de är. Då den p-adiska analysen på många sätt är lättare än den reella analysen så visar Hensels lemma ganska lätt om ett polynomen har rötter i Zp.

This study was conducted to compare the speciation and behavior of P in soils receiving either different biosolids or inorganic fertilizer, as assessed by sequential chemical extractions, phosphate desorption, and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The objectives of this study were to i) measure the total amount of organic and inorganic phosphorus removed by chemical extraction method ii) investigate how P desorption kinetics are influenced in biosolids amended soils compared to inorganic fertilizer amended soils; and iii) perform solid state speciation of soil samples before and after chemical extraction and desorption with P K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Soil samples were analyzed that received three different rates of biosolids (16.8, 33.6, and 67.2 Mg ha-1 yr-1) and one inorganic fertilizer application (336 kg N, 224 kg P, and 112 kg K ha-1 yr-1) for 32 years. Both sequential chemical extraction and XANES analysis showed that total amount of P increased in biosolids amended soils (from 5292 to 10945 mg P kg-1) and that it increased with increasing application rate. Sequential chemical extractions showed that the labile portion of total P in inorganic fertilized soil (40 %) was larger than in biosolids applied soils (39 to 27 %). Results from both sequential chemical extraction and XANES analysis showed that NaOH extraction removed the highest amount of P from all biosolids applied soils (from 1857 to 2600 mg P kg-1). <p>The amount of desorbed P decreased as the soil:solution ratio increased from 0.005 to 100 g L-1 for both soils and the desorption was typically higher in inorganic fertilizer applied soil than in biosolids applied soil. The effect of pH on P desorption was pronounced, and desorption was higher at pH 5 than pH 7.5 for both soils. A continuous flow desorption method was also used to measure cumulative P desorption over time. Cumulative P desorption in inorganic fertilizer applied soil (894.5 mg P kg-1) was higher than in the biosolids amended soils (572.9 mg P kg-1) over 20 hr period time. First-order and parabolic diffusion kinetic equations were used to model the desorption data from the continuous flow technique. This revealed that the P desorption rate was faster (and chemically-controlled) at initial stages and slower (and diffusion-limited) at later stages. The desorption rate was much faster in inorganic fertilizer applied soil than in biosolids applied soil.<p>XANES analysis of the fractions removed in sequential chemical extractions suggested that the predominant form of P was poorly crystalline dicalcium phosphate in biosolids applied soils, and labile, sorbed forms as well as some apatite-type calcium phosphate was present in inorganic fertilizer applied soil. The combined results from sequential chemical extraction and XANES analysis indicate that P in inorganic fertilizer and biosolids-applied soils behave differently. There were larger amounts of low crystallinity phosphates in the biosolids samples, and much higher apatite content in the inorganic fertilizer amended soil.

This study was conducted to compare the speciation and behavior of P in soils receiving either different biosolids or inorganic fertilizer, as assessed by sequential chemical extractions, phosphate desorption, and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The objectives of this study were to i) measure the total amount of organic and inorganic phosphorus removed by chemical extraction method ii) investigate how P desorption kinetics are influenced in biosolids amended soils compared to inorganic fertilizer amended soils; and iii) perform solid state speciation of soil samples before and after chemical extraction and desorption with P K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Soil samples were analyzed that received three different rates of biosolids (16.8, 33.6, and 67.2 Mg ha-1 yr-1) and one inorganic fertilizer application (336 kg N, 224 kg P, and 112 kg K ha-1 yr-1) for 32 years. Both sequential chemical extraction and XANES analysis showed that total amount of P increased in biosolids amended soils (from 5292 to 10945 mg P kg-1) and that it increased with increasing application rate. Sequential chemical extractions showed that the labile portion of total P in inorganic fertilized soil (40 %) was larger than in biosolids applied soils (39 to 27 %). Results from both sequential chemical extraction and XANES analysis showed that NaOH extraction removed the highest amount of P from all biosolids applied soils (from 1857 to 2600 mg P kg-1). <p>The amount of desorbed P decreased as the soil:solution ratio increased from 0.005 to 100 g L-1 for both soils and the desorption was typically higher in inorganic fertilizer applied soil than in biosolids applied soil. The effect of pH on P desorption was pronounced, and desorption was higher at pH 5 than pH 7.5 for both soils. A continuous flow desorption method was also used to measure cumulative P desorption over time. Cumulative P desorption in inorganic fertilizer applied soil (894.5 mg P kg-1) was higher than in the biosolids amended soils (572.9 mg P kg-1) over 20 hr period time. First-order and parabolic diffusion kinetic equations were used to model the desorption data from the continuous flow technique. This revealed that the P desorption rate was faster (and chemically-controlled) at initial stages and slower (and diffusion-limited) at later stages. The desorption rate was much faster in inorganic fertilizer applied soil than in biosolids applied soil.<p>XANES analysis of the fractions removed in sequential chemical extractions suggested that the predominant form of P was poorly crystalline dicalcium phosphate in biosolids applied soils, and labile, sorbed forms as well as some apatite-type calcium phosphate was present in inorganic fertilizer applied soil. The combined results from sequential chemical extraction and XANES analysis indicate that P in inorganic fertilizer and biosolids-applied soils behave differently. There were larger amounts of low crystallinity phosphates in the biosolids samples, and much higher apatite content in the inorganic fertilizer amended soil.

In this thesis, direct and inverse problems concerning nodal solutions associated with the one-dimensional p-Laplacian operators are studied. We first consider the eigenvalue problem on (0, 1), −(y0(p−1))0 + (p − 1)q(x)y(p−1) = (p − 1) £fw(x)y(p−1) (0.1) Here f(p−1) := |f|p−2f = |f|p−1 sgn f. This problem, though nonlinear and degenerate, behaves very similar to the classical Sturm-Liouville problem, which is the special case p = 2. The spectrum {£fk} of the problem coupled with linear separated boundary conditions are discrete and the eigenfunction yn corresponding to£fn has exactly n−1 zeros in (0, 1). Using a Pr¡Lufer-type substitution and properties of the generalized sine function, Sp(x), we solve the reconstruction and stablity issues of the inverse nodal problems for Dirichlet boundary conditions, as well as periodic/antiperiodic boundary conditions whenever w(x) £f 1. Corresponding Ambarzumyan problems are also solved. We also study an associated boundary value problem with a nonlinear nonhomogeneous term (p−1)w(x) f(y(x)) on the right hand side of (0.1), where w is continuously differentiable and positive, q is continuously differentiable and f is positive and Lipschitz continuous on R+, and odd on R such that f0 := lim y!0+ f(y) yp−1 , f1 := lim y!1 f(y) yp−1 . are not equal. We extend Kong¡¦s results for p = 2 to general p > 1, which states that whenever an eigenvalue _n 2 (f0, f1) or (f1, f0), there exists a nodal solution un having exactly n − 1 zeros in (0, 1), for the above nonhomogeneous equation equipped with any linear separated boundary conditions. Although it is known that there are indeed some differences, Our results show that the one-dimensional p-Laplacian operator is still very similar to the Sturm-Liouville operator, in aspects involving Pr¡Lufer substitution techniques.

Standard-Cell-library-based design ow is widely followed in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) industry. Most of the realistic cell libraries are geometrically spaced introducing significant sparseness in the library. This is because uniformly spaced gate sizes would result in a large number of gate sizes and maintaining the huge volume of data for this number of gate sizes is difficult. This thesis aims to propose a practical approach to implement integer gate sizes. A parameterized cell (p-cell) approach to the generation of layouts of standard gates is presented. The use of constant delay model for gate delay estimation is proposed which eliminates the need for maintaining huge volumes of delay tables in the standard cell library. This approach has tremendous potential since it greatly simplifies the standard-cell-based design methodology and can give significant power and area savings.Power and area savings of up to 28% are possible using this approach.

Intravenous application of high dose of capsaicin to the rat stimulates C-fiber neurons that innervate the airways to release tachykinins that produce acute inflammation in the mucosal tissue. Large amount of extravasated plasma is retained underneath the tracheal epithelium to form edema. Substance P (SP) is the most important inflammation-producing peptide of tachykinin family. The present study was to investigate time-dependent formation and remission of edema induced by SP (3 µg/ml/kg) by the use of digital morphometric analysis of montages of tracheal cross sections. Furthermore, 3-dimensional reconstruction of serial tracheal sections was carried out to analyze the relative distribution of subepithelial edematous loci. Two edema indexes were designated for evaluation of the status of edema. Edema length ratio was the ratio of the total length of edematous loci to the circumference of a tracheal section. Edema area ratio was the ratio of the total area of edematous loci to the area of tracheal epithelium and associated edema. The degree of edematous status in the mucosa exhibited a time-dependent change. Five min after application of SP, edema length ratio and edema area ratio in the trachea were 35.80¡Ó1.42% and 16.28¡Ó2.51%, that were 7.6 and 7.9 times, respectively, the values of vehicle control group. At 1 h after SP, edema length ratio and edema area ratio declined to 16.40¡Ó2.46% and 8.00¡Ó1.60%, 2.2 and 2.8 times the values of control, but still significantly different (P < 0.05). At 24 or 72 h after SP, the values of edema were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control values. Three- dimensional reconstruction study showed that, in the trachea of rats 5 min after receiving SP, there were many subepithelial edematous loci, evenly distributed along the inner circumference of trachea. They were interconnected. The number of edematous loci decreased drastically by 1 h after SP. Loci of edema were rarely found 24 or 72 h after SP. The close association of edema to the tracheal epithelium suggests that the mucosal surface may be the site for elimination of edema fluid.

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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Evangelisch-Theologische Fakultät--Tübingen--Eberhard-Karls-Universität, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 368-431. Index.