Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-212) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Chemistry, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1998. / Title from document title page. "November 1998." Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 43 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-43).

Thesis ... of the University of Pennsylvania by Anna Lockhart Flanigen.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Gold, amongst other group 11 metals, was almost certainly one of the first three metals known to man. In addition to the economic importance of the metal, gold has a wide variety of applications in the medical, electrocatalytical and micro-electronics fields. However, the determination of gold ions in solution, with accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity is still an interesting and much debated topic in analytical chemistry. A system whereby gold ions have been successfully detected employing an electrochemical technique, known as stripping voltammetry, has been developed. The electrochemical method was chosen over other available techniques for the sensitivity, particularly at low concentrations, and selectivity properties; notably in the presence of other metal ions. Under acidic conditions, the electrochemical technique was applied and the presence of gold(III), at a concentration of 2.53 x 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³ in a mine waste water sample, was detected. Biomass, in particular yeast and algal types, have been successfully employed in extracting low concentrations of gold ions from industrial effluents. The manipulation of the biological facility for mineral interaction, biohydrometallurgy, may yield numerous potential new technologies. South Africa in particular would benefit from this area of research, since the country is a major ore and metal refining country and if the output and the efficiency of the mines could be improved, even by a small percentage, the financial rewards would be vast. In this study, the application of adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) of gold(III) in the presence of various Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall components, was investigated to determine which, if any, were involved specifically in the chemical binding of the gold ions. The chitin and mannan extracts showed the most promise with detection limits of 1.10 x 10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³ and 9 x 10⁻⁹ mol dm⁻³, respectively; employing the AdCSV technique. A modification of the stripping voltammetry technique, Osteryoung square wave stripping voltammetry (OSWSV), provided the lowest detection limit, for gold(IIl) in the presence of mannan, of 1.70 x 10⁻¹¹ mol dm⁻³ ; utilising a modified carbon paste electrode. The detection of gold(III) has been shown to be dependent on the type of electrode employed, the electrolyte solution and the presence of interfering agents. The effect of copper(II) and silver(I) on the detection of the gold(III) in solution was investigated; whilst the silver(I) has shown no detrimental effects on gold (III) detection systems, copper(II) has indicated the possibility of forming an inter-metallic compound with the gold(III). However, mannan has shown to selectively and preferentially bind the gold(III) in the presence of a ten-fold excess of copper(II). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, as well as computer modelling techniques were employed to further investIgate the mannan-gold(III) interaction and proposed complex formed. The NMR, IR and computer modelling data are in agreement with the electrochemical data on proposing a mannan-gold(III) complex. The co-ordination site was established to be in the vicinity of the H-I and H-2 protons and the gold(III) adopts a square-planar geometry upon co-ordination. The benefits of the research are useful from a biological perspective (i. e. as more is known about the binding sites, microbiologists/biochemists may work on the optimisation of parameters for these sites or work could be furthered into the enhanced expression of the sites) and an industrial one. In addition to the' two major benefits, an improved understanding of gold and its chemistry would be achieved, which is advantageous for other fields of research as well.

No description available.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Chemistry))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Chemistry / unrestricted

Simultaneous electrosynthesis of alkaline hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorate in the same cell was investigated. The alkaline hydrogen peroxide was obtained by the electroreduction of oxygen in NaOH on a fixed carbon bed while the chlorate was obtained by the reaction of anodic electrogenerated hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid in an external reactor. An anion membrane, protected on the anode side with an asbestos diaphragm was used as the separator between the two chambers of the cell. The effects of superficial current density (1.2 - 2.4 kA m⁻²), sodium hydroxide concentration (0.5 - 2.0 M) and catholyte flow (0.1 x 10⁻⁶ - 0.5 x 10⁻⁶ m³ s⁻¹) on the chlorate and peroxide current efficiencies were measured. The effect of peroxy to hydroxy mole ratio on the chlorate current efficiency was measured too. The cell was operated at fixed anolyte flow of 2.0 x 10⁻⁶ m³ s⁻¹, inlet and outlet temperatures of 27/33°C (anode side), 20/29°C (cathode side), cell voltages of 3.0 - 4.2 V (current density of 1.2 - 2.4 kA -m⁻²) and a fixed temperature of 70°C in the anolyte tank. Depending on the conditions, alkaline peroxide solution and sodium chlorate were cogenerated at peroxide current efficiency between 20% and 86%, chlorate current efficiency between 51.0% and 80.6% and peroxide concentration ranging from 0.069 M to 0.80 M. The cogeneration of the two chemicals was carried out at both concentrated (2.4 - 2.8 M) and dilute (0 - 0.5 M) chlorate solutions. A relative improvement on the current efficiencies at concentrated chlorate was observed. A chloride balance indicated negligible chloride loss to the catholyte. The results are interpreted in terms of the electrochemical and chemical kinetics and the hydrodynamics of the cell . / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate