Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-184). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-128). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Previous experiments - injecting pure CO2 into carbonate cores - showed that the process is a win-win technology, sequestrating CO2 while recovering a significant amount of hitherto unrecoverable natural gas that could help defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. In this thesis, I report my findings on the effect of flue gas ??impurities?? on the displacement of natural gas during CO2 sequestration, and results on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests to carbonate samples. In displacement experiments, corefloods were conducted at 1,500 psig and 70??C, in which flue gas was injected into an Austin chalk core containing initially methane. Two types of flue gases were injected: dehydrated flue gas with 13.574 mole% CO2 (Gas A), and treated flue gas (N2, O2 and water removed) with 99.433 mole% CO2 (Gas B). The main results of this study are as follows. First, the dispersion coefficient increases with concentration of ??impurities??. Gas A exhibits the largest dispersion coefficients, 0.18-0.25 cm2/min, compared to 0.13-0.15 cm2/min for Gas B, and 0.15 cm2/min for pure CO2. Second, recovery of methane at breakthrough is relatively high, ranging from 86% OGIP for pure CO2, 74-90% OGIP for Gas B, and 79-81% for Gas A. Lastly, injection of Gas A would sequester the least amount of CO2 as it contains about 80 mole% nitrogen. From the view point of sequestration, Gas A would be least desirable while Gas B appears to be the most desirable as separation cost would probably be cheaper than that for pure CO2 with similar gas recovery. For UCS tests, corefloods were conducted at 1,700 psig and 65??C in such a way that the cell throughput of CO2 simulates near-wellbore throughput. This was achieved through increasing the injection rate and time of injection. Corefloods were followed by porosity measurement and UCS tests. Main results are presented as follows. First, the UCS of the rock was reduced by approximately 30% of its original value as a result of the dissolution process. Second, porosity profiles of rock samples increased up to 2.5% after corefloods. UCS test results indicate that CO2 injection will cause weakening of near-wellbore formation rock.

To date, little empirical work regarding workplace bullying has been done in Canada, thus, a more extensive look at this phenomenon in the Canadian context is needed. One-hundred-and-twenty University of Saskatchewan employees at different levels (e.g., faculty, support staff, administration) were recruited to complete an on-line survey designed to test a number of predictions. The primary goals set forth in the present project were threefold: (1) estimate the prevalence of varying workplace bullying behaviours in a Canadian context; (2) examine connections between workplace environments and prevalence of these aggressive behaviours; and (3) explore whether individuals willingness to intervene in aggressive actions they witness is tied to features of the workplace environment and other mitigating factors. In relation to prevalence, employees reported more witnessed bullying, as compared to experienced bullying. Although no gender differences were observed for rates of bullying, participants did report significantly more female than male perpetrators. In accordance with the studys predictions, negative work environments were positively associated with the prevalence of bullying behaviour. However, in general, negative work environments were not tied to bystanders willingness to intervene in aggressive actions. Other mitigating factors were positively linked to a bystanders willingness to intervene in a bullying incident, including: bullying event is considered serious; someone else steps in to intervene first; bullying is considered a recurring event; bystander likes the victim; bystander dislikes the bully; bystander believes victim did not deserve the bullying behaviour; and victim believes intervening will not take a lot of time and energy. Implications, as well as practical applications of these findings are discussed.

The primary objective of the study was to address two aspects of construct validity (i.e., face and criterion validity) of the Environmental Analysis of Mobility Questionnaire (EAMQ). The EAMQ is a self-report questionnaire, which consists of items that inquire about older adults tendencies to both encounter and avoid community mobility challenges that address several dimensions of community mobility. The EAMQ was compared to selected tasks from the Walking InCHIANTI Toolkit (WIT) and with a community mobility self-efficacy questionnaire (SE). Sixty independently living, community dwelling older adults (mean ± SD; age = 74 ± 5 years) volunteered to participate. Participation included a single visit by the researcher to the home of the participant. During the visit, demographic, health information, EAMQ, SE, and the modified WIT were completed. Regarding the first hypotheses, four of the six correlations between walking speed on the modified WIT and the EAMQ-encounter score were significant (range of significant correlations was 0.169 to 0.299; p < 0.05). By contrast, all of the correlations between walking speed on the modified WIT and EAMQ-avoidance score were significant (range of significant correlations was -0.330 to -0.410; p < 0.05. Regarding the second hypotheses, a significant positive correlation was found between SE and EAMQ-encounter (r = 0.345; p< 0.01) while a significant negative correlation was found between SE and EAMQ-avoidance (r = -0.531; p < 0.01). Furthermore, SE was significantly correlated with modified WIT performances (range of significant correlations was 0.332 to 0.578; p < 0.01). The secondary and exploratory purpose of this validation study was to determine if the EAMQ and SE both individually and additively contributed to the prediction of CWT performances. Results indicated that the EAMQ, significantly predicted walking speed on all modified WIT tasks; however, the avoidance score was the only significant predictor in the model. When SE was added to the prediction model it became the dominant and significant predictor of walking speed on most modified WIT tasks. As walking task complexity increased SE accounted for more of the variability in walking speed than the EAMQ. In conclusion, the results demonstrate partial support for the validity of the EAMQ. The EAMQ-avoidance score appears to be a valid correlate of the modified WIT and could be used as one predictor of community mobility. Recommendations are made for improvements to the EAMQ and for further investigation of its validity.

Ontario’s Greenbelt is key to the region’s sustainability and plays an important role in stopping urban sprawl, preserving agricultural land and maintaining ecological goods and services. However, there have been concerns expressed in the literature and by non-government organizations that the Greenbelt legislation, on its own, will not ensure the viability of the farming economy in this region, or ensure adequate ecological stewardship. These concerns point to the need for other programs and policies to complement the Greenbelt legislation, and to help ensure that the goals of the Greenbelt are met. This research study assesses the potential of the Alternative Land Use Services Program (ALUS) as a tool for promoting agricultural viability and associated land stewardship in Ontario’s Greenbelt. An Alternative Land Use Services program would pay farmers for the provision of environmental services in the public interest. Using a qualitative methodological approach based on a literature review, a review of government and non-government organization documents and interviews with key stakeholders, this study compares the potential contribution of the ALUS program with that of other reasonable alternatives currently available to promote farmland protection and farm stewardship. The research also provides an analytical framework and a comprehensive set of criteria for selection and design of programs in support of sustainable agriculture in the Greenbelt. The primary research findings indicate that an ALUS program in the Greenbelt, established as a stand-alone regional project or as part of a provincial or national program, could help to strengthen the Greenbelt’s roles in stopping urban sprawl, preserving agricultural land and maintaining ecological goods and services. The ALUS concept and means of applying it could also play an important role in discussions regarding how to support the farm economy and rural communities in the Greenbelt. ALUS may be particularly appropriate as a means of enhancing the economic and ecological aspects of peri-urban agriculture. One of the thesis conclusions is that while ALUS could play a positive role in the Greenbelt, the program would be insufficient if it were applied on its own. ALUS will need to be packaged with a suite of existing programs that would be able to complement ALUS and address some of its weakness in order to make a stronger contribution. This research has identified new opportunities to promote land stewardship and enhance livelihoods in the agricultural sector as well as a new agenda for sustainable agriculture in the Greenbelt. More generally, the framework for analysis that was applied in this research has a broader applicability and usefulness in sustainability-based decision making processes. The approach outlines how sustainability assessments might specify sustainability considerations and integrate them together in particular applications.

Ontario’s Greenbelt is key to the region’s sustainability and plays an important role in stopping urban sprawl, preserving agricultural land and maintaining ecological goods and services. However, there have been concerns expressed in the literature and by non-government organizations that the Greenbelt legislation, on its own, will not ensure the viability of the farming economy in this region, or ensure adequate ecological stewardship. These concerns point to the need for other programs and policies to complement the Greenbelt legislation, and to help ensure that the goals of the Greenbelt are met. This research study assesses the potential of the Alternative Land Use Services Program (ALUS) as a tool for promoting agricultural viability and associated land stewardship in Ontario’s Greenbelt. An Alternative Land Use Services program would pay farmers for the provision of environmental services in the public interest. Using a qualitative methodological approach based on a literature review, a review of government and non-government organization documents and interviews with key stakeholders, this study compares the potential contribution of the ALUS program with that of other reasonable alternatives currently available to promote farmland protection and farm stewardship. The research also provides an analytical framework and a comprehensive set of criteria for selection and design of programs in support of sustainable agriculture in the Greenbelt. The primary research findings indicate that an ALUS program in the Greenbelt, established as a stand-alone regional project or as part of a provincial or national program, could help to strengthen the Greenbelt’s roles in stopping urban sprawl, preserving agricultural land and maintaining ecological goods and services. The ALUS concept and means of applying it could also play an important role in discussions regarding how to support the farm economy and rural communities in the Greenbelt. ALUS may be particularly appropriate as a means of enhancing the economic and ecological aspects of peri-urban agriculture. One of the thesis conclusions is that while ALUS could play a positive role in the Greenbelt, the program would be insufficient if it were applied on its own. ALUS will need to be packaged with a suite of existing programs that would be able to complement ALUS and address some of its weakness in order to make a stronger contribution. This research has identified new opportunities to promote land stewardship and enhance livelihoods in the agricultural sector as well as a new agenda for sustainable agriculture in the Greenbelt. More generally, the framework for analysis that was applied in this research has a broader applicability and usefulness in sustainability-based decision making processes. The approach outlines how sustainability assessments might specify sustainability considerations and integrate them together in particular applications.

The primary objective of the study was to address two aspects of construct validity (i.e., face and criterion validity) of the Environmental Analysis of Mobility Questionnaire (EAMQ). The EAMQ is a self-report questionnaire, which consists of items that inquire about older adults tendencies to both encounter and avoid community mobility challenges that address several dimensions of community mobility. The EAMQ was compared to selected tasks from the Walking InCHIANTI Toolkit (WIT) and with a community mobility self-efficacy questionnaire (SE). Sixty independently living, community dwelling older adults (mean ± SD; age = 74 ± 5 years) volunteered to participate. Participation included a single visit by the researcher to the home of the participant. During the visit, demographic, health information, EAMQ, SE, and the modified WIT were completed. Regarding the first hypotheses, four of the six correlations between walking speed on the modified WIT and the EAMQ-encounter score were significant (range of significant correlations was 0.169 to 0.299; p < 0.05). By contrast, all of the correlations between walking speed on the modified WIT and EAMQ-avoidance score were significant (range of significant correlations was -0.330 to -0.410; p < 0.05. Regarding the second hypotheses, a significant positive correlation was found between SE and EAMQ-encounter (r = 0.345; p< 0.01) while a significant negative correlation was found between SE and EAMQ-avoidance (r = -0.531; p < 0.01). Furthermore, SE was significantly correlated with modified WIT performances (range of significant correlations was 0.332 to 0.578; p < 0.01). The secondary and exploratory purpose of this validation study was to determine if the EAMQ and SE both individually and additively contributed to the prediction of CWT performances. Results indicated that the EAMQ, significantly predicted walking speed on all modified WIT tasks; however, the avoidance score was the only significant predictor in the model. When SE was added to the prediction model it became the dominant and significant predictor of walking speed on most modified WIT tasks. As walking task complexity increased SE accounted for more of the variability in walking speed than the EAMQ. In conclusion, the results demonstrate partial support for the validity of the EAMQ. The EAMQ-avoidance score appears to be a valid correlate of the modified WIT and could be used as one predictor of community mobility. Recommendations are made for improvements to the EAMQ and for further investigation of its validity.

To date, little empirical work regarding workplace bullying has been done in Canada, thus, a more extensive look at this phenomenon in the Canadian context is needed. One-hundred-and-twenty University of Saskatchewan employees at different levels (e.g., faculty, support staff, administration) were recruited to complete an on-line survey designed to test a number of predictions. The primary goals set forth in the present project were threefold: (1) estimate the prevalence of varying workplace bullying behaviours in a Canadian context; (2) examine connections between workplace environments and prevalence of these aggressive behaviours; and (3) explore whether individuals willingness to intervene in aggressive actions they witness is tied to features of the workplace environment and other mitigating factors. In relation to prevalence, employees reported more witnessed bullying, as compared to experienced bullying. Although no gender differences were observed for rates of bullying, participants did report significantly more female than male perpetrators. In accordance with the studys predictions, negative work environments were positively associated with the prevalence of bullying behaviour. However, in general, negative work environments were not tied to bystanders willingness to intervene in aggressive actions. Other mitigating factors were positively linked to a bystanders willingness to intervene in a bullying incident, including: bullying event is considered serious; someone else steps in to intervene first; bullying is considered a recurring event; bystander likes the victim; bystander dislikes the bully; bystander believes victim did not deserve the bullying behaviour; and victim believes intervening will not take a lot of time and energy. Implications, as well as practical applications of these findings are discussed.

This is a paper about the social services waiting rooms. Our aim with the study has been to: ”Describe and problematize the physical environment in social services waiting rooms. A wider purpose is to lift the question about the waiting room as a significant part of peoples encounter with the social services.”  To be able to achieve this purpose, we have used two questions: What does the physical waiting room environment look like in social services in Stockholms län? How can we understand and problematize the physical environment factors impact on people who visits these environments?  We have observed and photographed ten waiting rooms in ten different social services in Stockholms län. In the paper we describe what the environments look like, with text and whit pictures. Then we have analysed the results from four different theoretical perspectives. These four perspectives are: nursing theory, environmental psychology, power theory and theories about material. Our conclusions is that the environment in the different waiting rooms shift a lot, but the thing the most of them have in common is that there doesn’t seem to be a lot of thought behind the design and configuration of the waiting room. Half of them don’t have windows and the environment is generally stripped. All of the waiting rooms have receptions covered all up with glass, with slots that the receptionist opens when someone comes up to the reception. Most of the waiting rooms also have walls and doors of glass facing the corridors where the visit rooms and the social workers offices are located. These are covered so that you cannot see in to the corridors. There is also a lack of a children’s perspective in the environments. We mean that the poorly designed waiting rooms, with all the security built in to them, create and maintain the unequal relations between the social worker and the client, where the client is constructed as the ’the other’ and the dangerous.