The implementation of 'Option B+' has increased uptake and access to antiretroviral (ART) care. However, growing concerns exist regarding retention, especially once vertical transmission risk ceases. Considering the importance of adherence to achieve virological suppression and avoid resistance research on retention is crucial. This study compares the retention of women initiated on 'Option B+' to that of women initiating ART for their own health. Additionally possible predictors of loss to follow-up (LTFU) were explored. Women initiating ART between 1 April and 31 August 2013 were allocated to either the pregnant (n=228) or non-pregnant (n=177) cohort. Retrospective review of electronic recordkeeping systems and patient folders measured retention up to 15 months after ART initiation. Demographic data was captured to explore predictors of LTFU. To avoid outcome bias with participants transferred out, analysis included a 'worst case' scenario assuming LTFU of all these participants and a 'best case' scenario assuming continued retention in care.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common reason parents bring children into the primary care physician's office. It is diagnosed by clinical symptoms of otalgia and often fever and irritability and by clinical otoscopy. Organisms common to the nasopharynx usually cause AOM. Many episodes of AOM resolve spontaneously. Because it is uncertain how many and which children will resolve without therapy, it is reasonable to treat all children with AOM with antibiotics. The first choice of antibiotics is amoxicillin. Other choices rest on a variety of factors.

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