This work examines the series of cases known as the 'wrongful birth' cases, that is those in which a physician or surgeon has been sued by the parent or parents of a child on the basis of his negligence either in the provision of a family planning procedure or in the advice and information he gives regarding that procedure, as a result of which a child is born that would not have been born but for that negligence. The reported and unreported cases from the English courts are analysed, and a number of North American cases are referred to also, this in order to predict how the Scottish courts will or should deal with claims for wrongful birth. The thesis is written from the point of view of Scots law, and the English cases, though important, are not determinative. I have attempted to state the law of Scotland as it stands on 29th February 1988.

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Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Magister Theologiae - MTh / This study will research one of the objectives of Maqāsid al- Sharī’ah (Objectives of the Islamic Law) namely Ḥifẓ al-Nasl better known as the protection of progeny as well as family planning. 1. Sharī’ah (Islamic Law) has provided the principles that govern any human activity and ensures protection of life, ease and pleasure. The Qur’ān and the Sunnah (Prophetic tradition) both emphasize flexibility and general principles and guidelines that may be applied to all areas of life. Thus, issues relating to marriage, protection of progeny, sexuality, and even contraception in Islām have also been accommodated in the Qur’ān and Sunnah. Moreover, contraception in relation to family planning have a long history in Islām and has significance within the broader Islamic ethos of marriage and sexuality. This study aims to sketch the historical development of Maqāsid al-Sharī’ah as well as its formulation and subsequent development.

The problem of this study was to prepare a comprehensive family living textbook for use by high school students. The primary purposes of the study were the following (1) to provide teenagers with factual information concerning sexuality which will better equip them to make responsible decision; (2) to prepare young people to become better marriage partners, better parents and ultimately to produce stronger families for the future.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF EDUCATION in the Department of Educational Psychology in the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 1999. / The aim of this study was to investigate Indian parents' responsibility with regards to family planning. From the literature study it became clear that the needs of children can only be adequately met by parents in a well planned family. Responsible parents will sensibly plan to only have as many children as they can afford. Parents must be able to meet the physical, psychological, social, moral and spiritual needs of their children. A child needs both parents to create an atmosphere of security that will give him the confidence he needs to give mening to the world. Providing a harmonious and healthy family environment does not rest with only one of the parents, but is the outcome of a shared parenting task and responsible parenthood from both parents. Responsible parenthood entails the acceptance of responsibility for the adequate upbringing of the child. Parents should have no uncertainties as to their responsibilities as parents. They should be fully aware of their role, purpose and task, as well as the possibilities and limitations of their activities concerning the education of their children. The relationship between parent and child must be based on trust, understanding and authority with the specific aim of educating the child. For the purpose of the empirical investigation a self-structured questionnaire was utilized. An analysis was done of 123 questionnaires completed by both parents of Indian families from a randomly selected sample. The data thus obtained was processed and interpreted by means of descriptive statistics. in conclusion a summary was presented and based on the findings of the study the following recommendations were made: Urgent attention should be given to the implementation of programmes which will assist parents in establishing a positive parental attitude towards responsible family planning. Media-based parent education programmes must be introduced to help parents in adequate child rearing.

The goal of this study is to assess the quality of family planning services in rural areas of Virginia. Through interviews with the public and not-for profit clinics, I collected various facts and through client survey, I obtained women's perceptions and feeling about the services provided to them. The goal was to reconcile responses wherever possible, and furthermore, identify differences between facts provided by the clinics and perceptions of clients. From the client surveys, I found that the majority of women are satisfied with the family planning services. Moreover, Appalachian women report higher satisfaction with the family planning services than non-Appalachian women. However, accessibility remains one of the major problems and obstacles to the family planning services. Women that report long waiting time and lack of transportation also have lower satisfaction scores with the services. From qualitative interviews, it is apparent that staff is doing a good job at assisting rural Appalachian women. However, as in client survey, staff reported problems with access to family planning services, such as transportation, unawareness of women of existing services, financial difficulties, and the need of more days and hours of clinic operation. / Master of Science

From Policy to Practice: Implementation of Georgia’s Medicaid Family Planning Waiver Program Sarah C. Blake, MA 282 pages Directed by Dr. John Thomas The purpose of this research was to examine the implementation of Georgia’s Medicaid family planning program, known as Planning for Healthy Babies® or P4HB®. This program is the first such program to provide both family planning services and inter-pregnancy care services through a Medicaid expansion to low-income, uninsured women. An evaluative case study design was employed using mixed methods. These methods incorporated process measures to study the implementation of P4HB® and to assess whether P4HB® was implemented as planned We incorporated theory from the policy implementation and health care access literatures to understand what served as facilitators or barriers to successful implementation. Findings suggest that despite precise goals and objectives, formal guidance about the program did not incorporate clear implementation planning. Many stakeholders, including advocates, providers, and representatives from implementing agencies felt left out of the implementation process and did not feel invested in the program. Considerable confusion existed among eligible clients and providers about the nature and scope of the P4HB® program. This lack of awareness and understanding about P4HB® likely contributed to the program’s low enrollment and participation in the first year of its implementation. As many states prepare to expand their Medicaid programs under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), this study provides important lessons for policy planning and implementation.

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The decision to have a child is one of the most significant two people can ever make. Specifically, couple can typically plan when to begin a family, how large a family they want. Thus if a couple is planning on having a child, they have the responsibility to consider and discuss many things involved in parenting such as family planning. The main purpose of this study is to assess the extent of spousal communication about family planning by focusing on the preferences concerning family size and the desire of additional children. Drawing on the literature review; the study address the conceptual definitions and notions of spousal communication about family planning, attitudes towards family planning and desired fertility, communication and desired fertility, and economic value of children. Using data from the 2000 Rwanda demographic and health survey, the study analyzed a set of selected socio-demographics factors and its correlation with the desire of more children within married people in Rwanda. The results reveal that husbands are more likely to desire additional children compared to their wives. Women in urban areas are more likely to stop childbearing compared to those who live in rural areas and the reverse for man. However education and employment are also associated to the desire for no more children and are significant in the multivariate analysis. As expected son preference is important and affect the desire for additional children, then within any given parity, couples with one or more sons are more likely to stop childbearing compared to those who have no sons. The analysis of the impact of spousal communication about family planning shows that partner who discuss on family planning are more likely to desire no more children than their counterparts who have never discussed the issue. In order to enhance the spousal communication about family planning in Rwanda and improve attitudes towards family planning, it is proposed to promote IEC as a tool of intervention to increase the awareness of spacing and limitation of childbearing. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.