The finance of our government that the remaining situation beginning changes into the budget deficit since 1990 . So introduced solved financial predicament experience from foreign. Britain promoted ¡§Private Finance Initiative (PFI)¡¨since 1992, it is deep and wide to influence to the development of Britain's politics, economy and society. Our country makes ¡§The Reward Non-governmental to Participate in Traffic Build Regulations ¡§on November 1994, take the way of ¡§Build-operate-transfer¡¨ to promote non-governmental circles participate in the investment. It is combine three parts of the government's power ,non-governmental fund and enterprise's administration efficiency to together, in order to finish the advance mode of the public works and moving up service quality, which create third of the win for government , people and enterprise's. BOT special project usually has such characteristics as long payoff period , investment amount is huge , risks involved are many and complicated, and BOT benefit which have more high uncertainty , market requirement that forecasting difficult question, so BOT is planning at the beginning, must consider when BOT plans to running , should pay attention to those can influence original financial revenue and expenditure parameter of planning, and austerely control on tolerate range, or the situation is not well how to do financial operation. This research just do the Financial Feasibility Analysis, and take Garden of Culture and Sports of Taipei (The Taipei Dome Complex of Song Shan Tobacco Factory) as a study case. This research approach is as following: 1. Documents retrospect 2. Case study 3. Make Financial Analysis with the Net Present Value Method 4. Every chapter is arranged as follows: Chapter two probe into documents and case preview Chapter three Financial assessment model and parameter setting Chapter four Financial cost and income Chapter five Cash-Flow Analysis Chapter six Self-Liquidating Ratio Analysis Chapter seven Benefit analysis of investment Chapter eight Financing feasibility analysis Chapter nine Sensitiveness analysis Chapter ten Conclusion and suggestion The limited of this research is: 1. On case study, there are not more clear materials of type for operation, so the type of operation is supposing in order to rent out. So as to ensure the stability of incomes, it is easy to do the feasible assessment of the financial. 2. The space of this case is not to make a verdict yet, so all assumptions of this research are in order to use the government of Taipei to announce while the meeting for leasing that the materials are quoted , consulted in the general quotations of market and the similar case for financial materials of The Kaohsjung Dome . So on practical working in this case , should calculate on agreement materials of the three sides - ' government unit , financing unit , folk unit '.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi delimitar índices de rentabilidade, tais como Taxa Interna de Retorno - TIR, Valor Presente Líquido - VPL e payback, para duas alternativas de traçado de alcoodutos selecionadas pela equipe do trabalho de UNICA et al. (2006), além de analisar se tais projetos são economicamente viáveis diante das demais alternativas de investimentos disponíveis aos agentes envolvidos. Um importante exercício foi a análise de sensibilidade do projeto à alteração de variáveis tais como valor dos investimentos, tarifa e volume captado pelo duto. Foi realizada, ainda, uma comparação entre os índices de rentabilidade obtidos no trabalho de UNICA et al. (2006) e aqueles calculados nesta dissertação. Os principais dados necessários à análise de viabilidade das alternativas selecionadas (Dutovias Conchas/ Paulínia/Campo Limpo/Santos e Conchas/Paulínia/São Sebastião) tais como extensões dos dutos, investimentos necessários, período do projeto, início das operações, tarifa cobrada pelo transporte do etanol, capacidade dos dutos, gastos com operação e manutenção e custo de capital também foram obtidos do trabalho de UNICA et al. (2006). Diante dos dados obtidos, o método escolhido para a avaliação do investimento foi o do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado FCD. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram que diante da estrutura de investimentos, tarifa dutoviária e capacidade modular dos dutos estabelecidos inicialmente para os projetos pela equipe da UNICA, nenhum dos traçados selecionados apresenta índices de rentabilidade satisfatórios em relação à realidade de mercado. Portanto, pode-se concluir que para projetos dessa natureza, que são essenciais para o desenvolvimento da infraestrutura econômica do Brasil, são realmente necessários subsídios por parte do governo, além da participação massiva da iniciativa privada, caracterizando a necessidade de Parcerias Público-Privadas PPP. / The goal of this work was to delimit profitability indexes, as such Internal Rate of Return IRR, Net Present Value NPV and payback, for two alternatives of ethanol pipelines grids selected by UNICAs et al. (2006) working group, and to analyze if these projects are economically feasible in comparison with other investment alternatives that are available for the involved agents. The sensitivity analysis of the project in relation to some variables changes, as the investment values, tariff and volume transported through the pipeline, was an important exercise. It was also done a comparison among the resulting profitability indexes of UNICAs et al. (2006) work and those calculated in this dissertation. The main data necessary to the feasibility analysis of the selected alternatives (Conchas/Paulínia/Campo Limpo/Santos and Conchas/Paulínia/São Sebastião pipelines) as pipelines extension, necessary investments, project period, start of operations, charged tariff for ethanol transportation, pipelines capacity, operations and maintenance spending and cost of capital was also obtained in UNICA et al. (2006) work. Considering the available data, the Discounted Cash Flow DCF method was selected to make the investments evaluation. The results indicate that, considering the investment structure, pipeline tariff and modular capacity of the pipelines initially determined to the projects by UNICAs team, none of the selected grids have satisfactory profitability indexes in relation to market reality. So, it is possible to conclude that, in case of projects of this nature, which are essential to the economic and infrastructure development in Brazil, governmental subsidies are necessary, in addition to private initiative massive participation, characterizing the need of Public- Private Partnerships - PPP.

As more and more cooperation between government and private sector in public projects, the government is making a further promotion of private participation in public parking lot construction to improve the problem of parking supply exists in our city. This task needs strict project delivery procedure, objective and professional pre-work, but most cases in Taiwan, financial feasibility is private investor¡¦s greatest doubt because of lacking related analysis precisely. That is why there are very few parking lots invested and built by non-government sector. After integrating the ways and processes of private participation in public construction, this study will review the executive deficiency and propose improvement strategy from Taipei¡¦s experience in promotion of parking lot built by private sector. In addition, a currently running parking lot will be involved in case study to illustrate the financial feasibility of BOT. From the result of analysis, it is infeasible through BOT to construct parking lot. It must increase the rate and take some useful measures to make BOT feasible. If it is impossible to raise the parking fee, in order to get the problem resolved, the parking lot should be constructed by government and operated by private sector.

The purpose of this study is to design, develop, and evaluate a prototype scenarioassisted decision support system (DSS) for use in venture and alternative assessment during the predevelopment stage of income-producing real estate development. This research examines theoretical underpinnings and associated advancements related to income-producing real estate development and decision support systems. Particular emphasis was placed on synthesis of relating disciplines?? models and advancements that support design and development of the decision support system. The result of the system design and development are embodied in a prototype scenario-assisted decision support system for income-producing real estate development (DSSVenture). The design and development of the program are documented in this dissertation. Following the design and development stage, the validation of DSSVenture??s data and logic models was conducted based on two case studies from well-known real estate development publications. The system was then tested on a group of graduate students who enrolled in an advanced real estate development course at Texas A&M University to examine whether its facilitation objective had been achieved. Since this research hypothesized that the decision support system would facilitate developers?? decision making during predevelopment stage of income-producing real estate development, three operational variables were tested, namely number of alternatives examined, time to reach decisions, and coefficient of projected net present value variations. The testing results indicate that DSSVenture system significantly enhances comprehensiveness of the decision context by increasing the number of alternatives for developers. Since the use of the system significantly reduces developers?? time to reach decisions, the efficiency of decision making is improved. Finally, the results of the study confirm that the use of DSSVenture system substantially diminishes variation of profit projection among decision makers. Therefore, the facilitation objective is achieved.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi delimitar índices de rentabilidade, tais como Taxa Interna de Retorno - TIR, Valor Presente Líquido - VPL e payback, para duas alternativas de traçado de alcoodutos selecionadas pela equipe do trabalho de UNICA et al. (2006), além de analisar se tais projetos são economicamente viáveis diante das demais alternativas de investimentos disponíveis aos agentes envolvidos. Um importante exercício foi a análise de sensibilidade do projeto à alteração de variáveis tais como valor dos investimentos, tarifa e volume captado pelo duto. Foi realizada, ainda, uma comparação entre os índices de rentabilidade obtidos no trabalho de UNICA et al. (2006) e aqueles calculados nesta dissertação. Os principais dados necessários à análise de viabilidade das alternativas selecionadas (Dutovias Conchas/ Paulínia/Campo Limpo/Santos e Conchas/Paulínia/São Sebastião) tais como extensões dos dutos, investimentos necessários, período do projeto, início das operações, tarifa cobrada pelo transporte do etanol, capacidade dos dutos, gastos com operação e manutenção e custo de capital também foram obtidos do trabalho de UNICA et al. (2006). Diante dos dados obtidos, o método escolhido para a avaliação do investimento foi o do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado FCD. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram que diante da estrutura de investimentos, tarifa dutoviária e capacidade modular dos dutos estabelecidos inicialmente para os projetos pela equipe da UNICA, nenhum dos traçados selecionados apresenta índices de rentabilidade satisfatórios em relação à realidade de mercado. Portanto, pode-se concluir que para projetos dessa natureza, que são essenciais para o desenvolvimento da infraestrutura econômica do Brasil, são realmente necessários subsídios por parte do governo, além da participação massiva da iniciativa privada, caracterizando a necessidade de Parcerias Público-Privadas PPP. / The goal of this work was to delimit profitability indexes, as such Internal Rate of Return IRR, Net Present Value NPV and payback, for two alternatives of ethanol pipelines grids selected by UNICAs et al. (2006) working group, and to analyze if these projects are economically feasible in comparison with other investment alternatives that are available for the involved agents. The sensitivity analysis of the project in relation to some variables changes, as the investment values, tariff and volume transported through the pipeline, was an important exercise. It was also done a comparison among the resulting profitability indexes of UNICAs et al. (2006) work and those calculated in this dissertation. The main data necessary to the feasibility analysis of the selected alternatives (Conchas/Paulínia/Campo Limpo/Santos and Conchas/Paulínia/São Sebastião pipelines) as pipelines extension, necessary investments, project period, start of operations, charged tariff for ethanol transportation, pipelines capacity, operations and maintenance spending and cost of capital was also obtained in UNICA et al. (2006) work. Considering the available data, the Discounted Cash Flow DCF method was selected to make the investments evaluation. The results indicate that, considering the investment structure, pipeline tariff and modular capacity of the pipelines initially determined to the projects by UNICAs team, none of the selected grids have satisfactory profitability indexes in relation to market reality. So, it is possible to conclude that, in case of projects of this nature, which are essential to the economic and infrastructure development in Brazil, governmental subsidies are necessary, in addition to private initiative massive participation, characterizing the need of Public- Private Partnerships - PPP.

O uso da biomassa como fonte de energia elétrica corresponde a uma alternativa de grande importância para o planejamento estratégico do crescimento econômico de diversos países. A vasta extensão territorial e o clima favorável ao desenvolvimento da agricultura no Brasil trazem como vantagem o poder de planejar sua matriz energética utilizando variadas fontes primárias renováveis. A cana-de-açúcar destaca-se pela rusticidade e grande produtividade. O bagaço como um subproduto resultante do processamento da cana é utilizado como fonte para a cogeração de energia e pode contribuir significativamente para a descentralização das fontes de energia nacional. Com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de etanol de segunda geração, a busca pela maior produção de biomassa ganha relevância. Os programas de melhoramento identificaram que se caso com redução de 25 a 35% da sacarose na cana, a planta teria um potencial de aumento de mais de 100% da biomassa. Os híbridos derivados de programas de melhoramento da espécie Saccharum spp., direcionados exclusivamente para a produção de biomassa, foram denominados de cana energia. Tendo em vista o potencial de produtividade da cultura e consequentemente de geração de energia, torna-se necessário conhecer se esse potencial se traduz em resultado econômico. Com esse enfoque, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de biomassa da cana energia. Para tanto foi desenvolvido um modelo em planilha eletrônica e o modelo foi empregado na simulação de cenários e alternativas. A planilha integra modelos de balanço hídrico, produtividade da cultura e distribuição de chuvas, e suas relações com aspectos econômicos e produtivos. O preço de venda da biomassa, a produtividade da cultura e a distância de transporte se mostraram como os itens que mais influem sobre os indicadores de viabilidade econômica. Diferentemente da eficiência gerencial, a eficiência de campo corresponde a um fator de grande importância a ser considerado para reduzir o custo de produção. A análise da área de colheita como uma variável crítica indicou que existem módulos ideais para a utilização de máquinas agrícolas, reduzindo o seu custo operacional devido ao uso melhor atribuído das máquinas na propriedade. A análise da textura do solo como variável crítica mostrou que o cultivo da planta em diferentes tipos de solos reflete em diferentes custos operacionais, produtividade potencial e no montante de investimento. O ano de reforma corresponde a um fator crítico para a viabilização da atividade. Para o cenário base, o indicador de atratividade financeira apresenta um Valor Presente Líquido de 6,4 milhões de reais e uma Taxa Interna de Retorno de 15,2%, com um horizonte de 20 anos de produção. As análises de sensibilidade mostram que as variáveis que mais impactam nos indicadores de viabilidade econômica financeira são o preço de venda da biomassa e a produtividade média da lavoura. / The use of biomass as energy source is an alternative of great importance to the strategic planning of growth for any economy in the world. The vast territory and favorable climate for Brazilian agriculture development, brings advantage to plan its energy matrix using various renewable primary sources. The sugarcane is highlighted by its rusticity and large amount of biomass generated by area. Since the bagasse is a sugarcane by product, it can be used as a source for energy cogeneration, which can significantly contribute to the strengthening of the Brazilian energy matrix. Genetic improvement of the culture has always sought the highest sucrose content, due to the needs of the industrial process. With the development of second generation ethanol technology, the quest for higher biomass production becomes important. If the cane were fully harvested, the total biomass would be increased in more than 100%, with a loss of 25 to 35% in sucrose. The hybrids derived from Saccharum spp. breeding programs directed exclusively for biomass production were named energy cane. Considering the potential crop yield and consequently the energy generation, it is very important to know if this potential is related to economic results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a model to analyze the economic feasibility of biomass production from energy cane. It was developed an electronic spreadsheet and the model was used in different scenarios and alternatives. In the base scenario, the financial attractiveness indicators shows a Net Present Value of 6.4 million and an Internal Rate of Return of 15.2%, in 20 years of production. Sensitivity analyzes shows that the variables that most impact the financial viability of economic indicators are the sales price of biomass and the average productivity of the crop.

<p>Switched Ethernet is an Ethernet LAN that uses switches to connect individual nodes. </p><p>This is popular because of its effective and convenient way of extending the bandwidth of </p><p>existing Ethernets. Switched Ethernet is being considered by the industry community because </p><p>of its open standardization, cost effectiveness, and the support for higher data rates up to </p><p>10Gbps. Even though many special-purposed solutions were proposed to support time </p><p>constrained communication over Switched Ethernet, still there were some doubts about the </p><p>real time handling capability of Switched Ethernet. To achieve reliable transmission </p><p>guarantees for real time traffic over Switched Ethernet, it is important to measure the </p><p>performance of Switched Ethernet networks for real time communication. In this thesis work </p><p>we have observed the average end-to-end packet delay for real time traffic over a Switched </p><p>Ethernet by simulation, which is very much essential for real time communication in </p><p>industrial applications, where the communication is time-deterministic. In our thesis we used </p><p>FCFS priority queuing in both the source nodes and switch. In this thesis we also discussed </p><p>about the feasibility analysis for fixed sized frames and some traffic handling methods. We </p><p>used 100mbp/s single full duplex Ethernet switch for our simulation. Finally simulation </p><p>analysis and simulation results are discussed. Our purpose of simulation of Switched Ethernet </p><p>networks is of good importance for the real time industrial applications.</p>

Switched Ethernet is an Ethernet LAN that uses switches to connect individual nodes. This is popular because of its effective and convenient way of extending the bandwidth of existing Ethernets. Switched Ethernet is being considered by the industry community because of its open standardization, cost effectiveness, and the support for higher data rates up to 10Gbps. Even though many special-purposed solutions were proposed to support time constrained communication over Switched Ethernet, still there were some doubts about the real time handling capability of Switched Ethernet. To achieve reliable transmission guarantees for real time traffic over Switched Ethernet, it is important to measure the performance of Switched Ethernet networks for real time communication. In this thesis work we have observed the average end-to-end packet delay for real time traffic over a Switched Ethernet by simulation, which is very much essential for real time communication in industrial applications, where the communication is time-deterministic. In our thesis we used FCFS priority queuing in both the source nodes and switch. In this thesis we also discussed about the feasibility analysis for fixed sized frames and some traffic handling methods. We used 100mbp/s single full duplex Ethernet switch for our simulation. Finally simulation analysis and simulation results are discussed. Our purpose of simulation of Switched Ethernet networks is of good importance for the real time industrial applications.

The overall objective of this thesis is to assess the financial, technical and social feasibility of investing in modern Automated People Movers (APM) transportation systems, generally known as monorails, in METU campus which presents a unique opportunity to fulfill the modern-day transportation needs of METU campus. This study complements the Presidency Office&rsquo / s long term goal to integrate environmental, social and economic sustainability into the policies, practices and culture of the university and ultimately reduce the consumption of all resources on campus and traffic congestion and accidents. In this context, the consequent cost-benefit effects of the proposed monorail system on campus life were quantified in monetary expressions and the corresponding multi-criteria feasibility assessment including: Break-even Analysis, Cost Effectiveness Assessments and Cost Benefit Analysis have been done successfully. According to these analyses the overall capital cost of system is $46.5 million which covers the 24 months project construction period, and an additional annual operating and maintenance cost of $2 million will span the 30 year project life time. Three different scenarios were proposed for financing the project and relevant break-even points were determined for each of the scenarios. Eventually, it appears that based on the evaluations, constructing such a transit system in METU campus will be cost effective and will certainly enhance the transportation, and will contribute to the institutional improvements and environmental preservation schemes of METU campus.

Computer-aided fixture planning (CAFP) is an essential part of Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) integration. Proper fixture planning can dramatically reduce the manufacturing cost, the lead-time, and labor skill requirements in product manufacturing. However, fixture planning is a highly experience-based activity. Due to the extreme diversity and complexity of manufacturing workpieces and processes, there are not many fixture planning tools available for industry applications. Moreover, existing CAFP methods rarely consider integrating fixture environmental factors into fixture planning. Automatic fixture planning using VR can provide a viable way for industries. This thesis develops automated approaches to fixture planning in a virtual environment (VE). It intends to address two important issues: automatic algorithms for fixture planning, and the VE to support high fidelity evaluation of fixture planning. The system consists of three parts including fixture assembly planning, feasibility analysis of assembly tools, and motion planning for fixture loading and unloading. The virtual fixture planning system provides the fixture designer a tool for fixture planning and evaluation. Geometrical algorithms are developed to facilitate the automatic reasoning. A Web-based VE for fixture planning is implemented. The three-dimensional (3D) model visualization enables the fixture simulation and validation effectively to investigate existing problems. Approaches to construct desktop-based large VEs are also investigated. Cell segmentation methods and dynamic loading strategies are investigated to improve the rendering performance. Case studies of virtual building navigation and product assembly simulations are conducted. The developed algorithms can successfully generate the assembly plan, validate the assembly tools, and generate moving paths for fixture design and applications. The VE is intuitive and sufficient to support fixture planning, as well as other virtual design and manufacturing tasks.