Esta tese busca, de início, pesquisar comparativamente, com a abrangência possível, os métodos e processos pelos quais as empresas componentes do setor siderúrgico nacional avaliam - sob o ponto de vista da viabililidade - a tomada de suas decisões relativamente a seus peculiares e vultosos investimentos em equipamentos de tecnologia avançada de manufatura. Revisita primária e metodologicamente amplo repertório de métodos de avaliação consagrados pela prática e pela literatura, tendo como cenário o setor em referência representado pelas várias modalidades industriais que o suportam. A pesquisa é realizada com base no estudo de múltiplos casos realizados em grandes empresas siderúrgicas, a partir de visitas a suas instalações e entrevistas com seus especialistas de análise de viabilidade de projetos de investimento. Ao final, oferece modelo de avaliação a ser adotado complementarmente aos critérios utilizados pelo setor em referência, a partir das observações e discussões efetuadas em campo. / This thesis initially seeks to search, in a comparative basis and with the permissible largeness, the methods and procedures through which the companies comprising the national siderurgic sector appraise their decisions referring to their peculiar and huge investments in AMT equipments, under a feasibility point of view. A primary review is made, in a comparative way, of a large well known evaluation methods repertoire, in a background at which act the various concerned industrial modalities. The search is accomplished based on the study of multiple cases realized at big siderurgic companies, by visiting their installations and by interviewing their specialists in investment feasibility project analysis. Eventually offers an evaluation model to be adopted by this sector, based upon the observation and discussions made in the related field research.

Before launching a new business it is suitable to test the feasibility of the idea and its potential success or failure. That is why the goal of this thesis is to process the feasibility analysis of the Women Centre. Based on it will be recommended or not to proceed to the writting of the business plan.

[pt] A aplicação de soluções e sistemas prediais sustentáveis em edificações, em especial em habitação, tem sido promovida pela adoção recente de leis pertinentes e pela maior consciência sobre o tema da sustentabilidade. Isto tem levado à iniciativas pontuais que visam redução de custos e de consumo de recursos como energia e água. Porém, é pouco comum verificar no mercado habitacional do Rio de Janeiro o surgimento de novos lançamentos imobiliários que já contemplem soluções sustentáveis em seus projetos, mostrando falta de atenção por parte dos incorporadores imobiliários e clientes compradores com relação à adoção de práticas sustentáveis e de gestão de recursos durante o desenvolvimento e operação da edificação. Este trabalho analisa parâmetros de incorporação e custos de operação de um empreendimento residencial hipotético, com oito pavimentos tipo, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no qual é avaliada a inclusão de quatro sistemas: geração de energia solar fotovoltaica, reuso de águas cinzas, captação de água de chuvas e uso de hidrômetros individualizados. A análise financeira é realizada através da montagem de seis cenários de avaliação, o primeiro considerando a edificação sem nenhuma solução sustentável, os quatro seguintes com cada uma das soluções aplicadas separadamente, e a última considerando todas as soluções implementadas simultaneamente. Os resultados financeiros são comparados para avaliar dados do interesse do agente incorporador, como custos de incorporação, necessidades de correção nos preços de venda e disposição a pagar do consumidor, e dados de interesse do cliente comprador, como economias geradas durante a operação e payback do investimento. / [en] The increase in the global population and the ever-increasing development of cities have given rise to various challenges to be overcome in environmental, social, cultural and economic terms. This situation makes it important to encourage the use of new technological solutions to build more sustainable cities and the real estate market has an important role in this process, because the incorporation of sustainable practices into buildings is decided upon during the design of real estate developments. With respect to the Brazilian market, the managers of developers currently bear the responsibility of being the decision-makers on the use of sustainable building systems and on the reduction of energy consumption over the lifespan of buildings. On the other hand, within the real estate market in the city of Rio de Janeiro, it is unusual to find multi-family housing developments that already feature such solutions integrated from the beginning into their designs, thereby demonstrating that real estate developers and buying customers overlook resource management during construction. Notably, financial considerations govern market relations and it is supposed that the implementation of sustainable solutions is still an unknown variable in terms of financial results, since the probable increase in the cost of initial construction still does not lead to visible, immediate gains for real estate developers. In addition, consumers do not have clarity on the gains tied to acquiring sustainable buildings. Information is lacking on the benefits in ecological terms and mainly, in financial terms, relating to the reduction in operating costs from the use of energy and natural resources during the lifespan of the building.

For the past several decades, we have experienced the tremendous growth, in both scale and scope, of real-time embedded systems, thanks largely to the advances in IC technology. However, the traditional approach to get performance boost by increasing CPU frequency has been a way of past. Researchers from both industry and academia are turning their focus to multi-core architectures for continuous improvement of computing performance. In our research, we seek to develop efficient scheduling algorithms and analysis methods in the design of real-time embedded systems on multi-core platforms. Real-time systems are the ones with the response time as critical as the logical correctness of computational results. In addition, a variety of stringent constraints such as power/energy consumption, peak temperature and reliability are also imposed to these systems. Therefore, real-time scheduling plays a critical role in design of such computing systems at the system level. We started our research by addressing timing constraints for real-time applications on multi-core platforms, and developed both partitioned and semi-partitioned scheduling algorithms to schedule fixed priority, periodic, and hard real-time tasks on multi-core platforms. Then we extended our research by taking temperature constraints into consideration. We developed a closed-form solution to capture temperature dynamics for a given periodic voltage schedule on multi-core platforms, and also developed three methods to check the feasibility of a periodic real-time schedule under peak temperature constraint. We further extended our research by incorporating the power/energy constraint with thermal awareness into our research problem. We investigated the energy estimation problem on multi-core platforms, and developed a computation efficient method to calculate the energy consumption for a given voltage schedule on a multi-core platform. In this dissertation, we present our research in details and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approaches with extensive experimental results.

Submitted by LUIZ CUNALI DEFILIPPI FILHO (luizfelippe10@yahoo.com) on 2013-07-04T10:26:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Cunali Defilippi Filho_final.pdf: 2932347 bytes, checksum: 11a66698a5eb6774673ebdb60a6a2846 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-07-04T11:23:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Cunali Defilippi Filho_final.pdf: 2932347 bytes, checksum: 11a66698a5eb6774673ebdb60a6a2846 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-04T11:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Cunali Defilippi Filho_final.pdf: 2932347 bytes, checksum: 11a66698a5eb6774673ebdb60a6a2846 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-18 / O setor sucroenergético brasileiro vem se destacando como uma nova opção para a geração de energia elétrica do país de forma renovável e sustentável. Torna-se cada vez mais frequente o uso do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar como fonte adicional de biomassa combustível além do uso tradicional do bagaço. As usinas com centrais termelétricas que comercializam os excedentes de bioeletricidade normalmente operam durante a safra da cana-de-açúcar e ficam paradas durante a entressafra. Este estudo analisa a viabilidade econômica de aproveitar a capacidade ociosa de uma unidade de geração de energia elétrica durante a entressafra, através do estudo de caso de uma usina de cana-de-açúcar na cidade de Iacanga no interior do estado de São Paulo. O trabalho tem como premissa utilizar o palhiço como combustível na safra adicional ao bagaço e armazenar o bagaço para a geração de bioeletricidade na entressafra. Os investimentos necessários para o processamento do palhiço na safra, armazenagem e movimentação do bagaço e custos de operação e manutenção do sistema de geração de energia são apresentados. As análises econômicas do estudo são feitas utilizando os métodos do Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e da Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). São feitas também análises de sensibilidade com os dois principais fatores de impacto à rentabilidade, que são o custo do palhiço posto na usina e o valor da energia elétrica vendida. As análises são apresentadas em três cenários variando o total de dias efetivos de geração na entressafra, sendo de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Os resultados indicam que a geração adicional de energia na entressafra, aproveitando a capacidade ociosa da planta na entressafra, tem um VPL de R$-1,136 milhão, R$ 0,698 milhão e R$ 2,511 milhões e uma TIR de 5,47% a.a., 16,98% a.a. e 25,88% a.a., respectivamente. Esses resultados consideraram o custo do palhiço a R$ 70,00.t-1 e a venda da energia a R$170,00.MWh-1. Conclui-se, assim, que o aproveitamento da capacidade ociosa do parque de geração de energia a partir da biomassa da cana-de-açúcar na entressafra tem potencial e viabilidade econômica conforme: o aumento do seu uso; a disponibilidade de biomassa residual (palhiço) a custos competitivos; e preço de venda da bioeletricidade. / The sugar ethanol industry has emerged as a renewable and sustainable option for electricity generation in Brazil. Besides the more traditional use of bagasse, sugarcane trash has become increasingly frequent as an additional source of biomass fuel. The mills with power plants, which sell surplus bioelectricity, normally operate during harvest season and are idle during the off crop. This study examines the economic feasibility of using the idle capacity of electricity generation units during the off crop, through the case study of a sugarcane mill in Iacanga, São Paulo. The analysis assumes the use of sugarcane trash as additional fuel to bagasse and the storage of the excess of bagasse to generate bioelectriciy in the off crop season. The study presents the necessary investments for processing the trash during the harvest season, for storage and handling of bagasse, and the operation and maintenance costs of the power generation system. The economic analysis are performed using the methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Also, sensitivity analysis is made using the two main factors that impact the profitability: the cost of trash at the plant and the amount of electricity sold. The analysis considers three scenarios varying the total days of effective bioelectricity generation during off crop: 30, 60 and 90 days. The results indicate that the additional power generation during the off crop, taking advantage of the mill’s idle capacity, provide a NPV of R$ -1.14 million, R$ 0.70 million and R$ 2.51 million, respectively, and an IRR of 5.5%, 17.0% and 25.9% per year, considering the cost of trash as R$ 70,00 / ton and the sale of energy as R$ 170.00 MW/h. As conclusion, the study shows thatthe use of the mill’s idle capacity for power generation from the biomass of sugarcane in the off crop season has a good potential and presents economic viability, as its increased use generates competitive biomass waste (trash) and if there is competitive prices in the sale of bioelectricity.

本文旨在探討台灣發行交易所交易債券之可行性。台灣近年交易所交易基金發展蓬勃，無論掛牌檔數、資產規模、交易金額皆向上成長，惟根據中華民國證券商業同業公會的統計，台灣證券商受託買賣外國集中市場有價證券之規模亦逐年增加，顯示目前台灣金融交易市場所提供之金融商品並不足以滿足市場需求，仍有發展空間。2016年1月，台灣金融監督管理委員會開放國內證券商接受投資人委託買賣外國交易所交易債券，本文透過闡述交易所交易債券之產品特性及分析各國交易所交易債券之發行及上市規範和稅制，進一步為台灣發行交易所交易債券之相關政策給出具體建議。 / This study aims to make practical suggestions on exchange-traded note issuance in Taiwan. Data from Taiwan Securities Association shows that the trading value of securities firms accepting orders to trade foreign securities keeps growing these years, suggesting that the financial product line in Taiwan is not diversified enough to satisfy the market needs. Taiwan Financial Supervisory Commission has announced that securities firms are opened to accept orders to trade foreign exchange-traded notes since January 2016. Before opening domestic exchange-traded note market, related regulations have to be built. Exchange-traded note, the product itself, as well as the issuance and listing rules and taxation in different countries are therefore analyzed in this paper to make further suggestions on exchange-traded note issuance in Taiwan.

Radio access technologies evolving fast, mobile operators have to handle an increasing amount of base stations and frequency bands for their network to continue to function. This is a costly venture for mobile network operators that continuously have to keep up to date with never-ending advancements in technologies, as base stations are costly to build and to maintain. It is therefore necessary for these companies to investigate when to close down base stations that are not necessary anymore. With the upcoming release of 5G, it is expected that 3G is going to be less and less used—as of 2018, it is already less used than 4G in developed countries.This thesis analyses the corporate data of a mobile operator, Telenor Sweden, in order to make clear which metrics are important to take into account as regards to deciding whether or not to close down a base station. It provides methods and models to help a mobile operator to take such a decision. It focuses on UMTS (3G) base stations, even though the results can be generalized for other technologies as well.It evaluates the economic feasibility of closing a base station, with regards to how many users are still connecting to it. More importantly, it explains for what reasons users’ devices switch to 3G, and investigates what can be done to avoid switching from 4G to 3G, so as to make it easier to close down a 3G site. It provides eventually a model to help to know when closing a site, given the traffic data of the operator. / Radioåtkomstteknologier utvecklas snabbt, mobiloperatörer måste hantera en ökande mängd basstationer och frekvensband för att deras nätverk fortsätter att fungera. Detta är ett dyrt satsning för mobilnätoperatörer som kontinuerligt måste hålla sig uppdaterade med oändliga tekniska framsteg, eftersom basstationerna är kostsamma att bygga och underhålla. Det är därför nödvändigt för dessa företag att undersöka när man ska stänga basstationer som inte längre är nödvändiga. Med den kommande utgåvan av 5G förväntas 3G att bli mindre och mindre används. Från och med 2018 används den redan mindre än 4G i industriländer. Denna avhandling analyserar företagsdata från en mobiloperatör, Telenor, för att klargöra vilka mätvärden som är viktiga att ta hänsyn till när det gäller att avgöra om en basstation ska stängas eller inte. Det ger metoder och modeller för att hjälpa en mobiloperatör att fatta ett sådant beslut. Den fokuserar på UMTS (3G) basstationer, även om resultaten kan generaliseras för annan teknik också. Det utvärderar den ekonomiska möjligheten att stänga en basstation, med tanke på hur många användare som fortfarande ansluter till den. Viktigare är det att det förklaras av vilka anledningar användarens enheter växlar till 3G och undersöker vad som kan göras för att undvika att växla från 4G till 3G, så att det blir lättare att stänga en 3G-basstation. Det ger så småningom en modell som hjälper till att veta när man stänger en webbplats, med tanke på operatörens trafikdata.