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In today's world, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seamlessly integrated into ourdaily lives without us even realising it. We witness AI-driven innovations allaround us, subtly enhancing our routines and interactions. Ranging from Siri, Alexa, to Google Assistant, voice assistants have become prime examples of AI technology, assisting us with simple tasks and responding to our inquiries. As these once futuristic ideas have now become an indispensable part of our everyday reality, they also become relevant for the field of GUI. This thesis explores the views of stakeholders, such as designers, alumni, students and teachers, on the inevitable implementation of artificial intelligence(AI) into the graphical user interface (GUI) development. It aims to provide understanding on stakeholders thoughts and needs with the focus on two research questions: RQ1: What are the viewpoints of design stakeholders regarding using Artificial Intelligence tools into GUI development? And RQ2: What characteristics should be considered in including AI in GUI development? To collect data, the thesis will use A/B testing and question sessions. In the A/B testing, participants will watch two videos, one showing how to digitise asketch using an AI tool (Uizard) and the other showing how to do the samething using a traditional GUI design tool (Figma). Afterwards, the participants will answer questions about their experience regarding the two different ways to digitise a sketch. The study highlighted a generally positive outlook among the participating stakeholders. Students and alumni expressed more enthusiasm whereas experienced professionals and teachers were cautious yet open to AI integration. Concerns werevoiced regarding potential drawbacks, including limited control and issues of over-reliance. The findings underscored AI's potential to streamline tasks but also emphasised the need for manual intervention and raised questions about maintaining control and creative freedom. We hope this work serves as a valuable starting point for other researchers interested in exploring this topic.

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The purpose of this research thesis was to develop a framework and methodology for the design of a graphical user interface to be used by air traffic controllers. The interface is intended to be only a part of a complete Advisory System designed to supplement the tasks of terminal area air traffic controllers. This research addresses many of the human factors issues associated with the development of the display. The research takes a user-perspective and applies the principles of rapid prototyping to develop the framework for the design of the interface. Attention is also given to the previous research that explores the implications of automating various air traffic control tasks. Finally, a prototype system was developed to fulfill one of the primary rapid prototyping steps. The prototype displays the general format for the various advisories and presents three typical scenarios where the system may be of particular use. In the future, the prototype can be used to gather additional information on the opinions and requirements of the future system users - air traffic controllers. It is anticipated that moderate benefits can be attained through the implementation of such a system, provided that the interface satisfies the user requirements. / Master of Science

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T19:57:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4682448 bytes, checksum: 9f9a7a72b4132cb9d61c8cc0c1591ea3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T19:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4682448 bytes, checksum: 9f9a7a72b4132cb9d61c8cc0c1591ea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Health informatics is a domain that presents several challenges to be overcome. Electronic Health Records (EHR) are one of its most important subdomain, in charge of storage, exhibition, and manipulation of patient clinical information, among others. EHR systems require domain flexibility, which allows modifications in the structure of documents without application recompilation or redeployment, for instance, in a web server. Current approaches in the literature propose generic models to represent domain and presentation, without ontological definitions for user interface (UI) layout and style. These, when properly organized, improve the acceptance of the system by users. This work aims to develop a framework to layout and style generation for graphical user interface of EHR documents, based on Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies and using restrictions. By centralizing and combining metadata from biomedical and documents domains, it was possible to apply layout and style to EHR documents, with the use of grids, including additional ontological definition of presentation formats for the medical field, facilitating UI development and maintenance. / A informática em saúde apresenta muitos desafios a serem superados. Um de seus principais ramos de pesquisa são os Registros Eletrônicos em Saúde (RES), responsáveis, dentre outros, pelo armazenamento, exibição e manipulação de registros clínicos do paciente. Sistemas deste tipo requerem flexibilidade do domínio da aplicação, de modo que alterações nos documentos do RES sejam realizadas em tempo de execução, sem recompilação ou reimplantação da aplicação, por exemplo, em um servidor web. Abordagens da literatura propõem modelos genéricos de representação de domínio e apresentação, sem definições ontológicas de layout e estilo de interface com o usuário (UI). Estes, quando bem organizados, melhoram a aceitação do sistema pelos usuários. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um framework para geração de layout e estilo de interface gráfica com o usuário para documentos do RES, baseado em ontologias Web Ontology Language (OWL), com uso de restrições. Através da centralização e combinação dos metadados biomédicos e de documentos para o RES, foi possível aplicar layout e estilo para os documentos do RES, com uso de grids, com definição ontológica adicional de formatos de apresentação para a área médica, facilitando o desenvolvimento da UI para o RES a manutenção da interface gráfica da aplicação.

A pragmatic method for designing compliant mechanisms is developed in this thesis, by selecting among existing mechanisms one that may be modified as required. This method complements existing techniques by answering questions of the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the given specifications of a practical problem. The premise for the method is a 2D map that juxta- poses the problem-specifications and the characteristics of compliant mechanisms in a database. The selection of the most suitable mechanisms is similar to Ashby's method of material selection. In our method, stuffiness, inertia, and the inherent kinematic characteristics of compliant mechanisms are analogous to material properties in Ashby's method. These characteristics capture the lumped behavior of compliant mechanisms in static and dynamic situations using spring-lever (SL) and spring-mass-lever (SML) models. The work includes the development of computation- ally efficient methods to compute the SL and SML model characteristics of single-input and single-output compliant mechanisms. Also developed in this work is a method to determine a feasible map by solving the governing equations of equilibrium and several inequalities pertaining to problem- specifications. The map helps not only in assessing the feasibility of the specifications but also in re-designing the mechanisms in predetermined ways to nd multiple solutions, all of which account for practical considerations. The method pays due attention to the overall size, strength considerations, manufacturability, and choice of material. It also enables minimal alterations of the problem-specifications when the user prefers a particular mechanism in the database. All these features are implemented in a web-based Java program with a graphical user interface that can be accessed at http://www.mecheng.iisc.ernet.in/ m2d2/CM design. Six case- studies that include micro machined inertial sensors, miniature valve mechanisms, ultra-sensitive force sensors, etc., are documented in detail to demonstrate the usefulness of the method in practice.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The ever-increasing power of PC hardware combined with the new operating systems available make the PC an excellent platform for a telemetry system. For applications that require multiple users or more processing power than a single PC, a network of PCs can be used to distribute data acquisition and processing tasks. The focus of this paper is on a distributed network approach to solving telemetry test applications. This approach maximizes the flexibility and expandability of the system while keeping the initial capital equipment expenditure low.

The familiar computer graphic user interface (GUI) makes extensive use of visually representative devices such as folders and files. These symbols help the user deal with computer data and operations that otherwise have little or no physical form. The computer’s underlying complexity is symbolised for the user, who is then able to manipulate the computer by interacting directly with the interface. The early development of computer interface design was largely the domain of software and hardware developers. Many sound principles of user interaction and testing were established and provided essential guidance for new generations of interface designers. As computer technology and its tools became more widely available, a broader range of designers began contributing, including those from product design and visual communication. This study is written from the point of view of a “visual designer” – a designer who began his career in graphic design and who has moved towards interface design out of curiosity and a desire to proffer a different attitude and approach to interface issues. The study therefore will demonstrate a design process that many visual designers will be able to identify with. The process includes research, analysis, methodical progression and artistic inspiration. The artistic inspiration in this case comes from the Constructivist artist El Lissitzky, and will illustrate the significant contribution that art can make to interface design. This art-influenced design process was presented at the 2005 Ed-Media World Conference on Educational Multimedia, (Montreal, 2005). The enthusiastic response and discussion provided encouragement to continue in this direction. In the following year another presentation, which included the working prototype, was presented as part of a keynote speaker presentation at the 2006 Siggraph Taipei Conference, National Chiao Tung University, Taipei. The specific task chosen to work with in this study is that of Web browser history. As a user browses the Web the computer records a list of visited websites. The first few generations of browsers presented this information as a simple list, but this approach incorporated many flaws and caused problems for users. More recent browsers provide more options, but significant issues remain. This study offers solutions to several of these problems. The resulting design prototype is named “isoBrowser”. It is the result of the alternative design process outlined above and offers alternative methods of visualising, organising and manipulating data. The prototype is not intended to be fully functional nor “live”. However, it is sufficiently operable so as to test interface interaction and user response. A fully functional version, operably and aesthetically complete, would be the subject of further development.

We investigate, model, and design interaction techniques for hand occlusion with direct pen input. Our focus on occlusion follows from a qualitative and quantitative study of direct pen usability with a conventional graphical user interface (GUI). This study reveals overarching problems relating to poor precision, ergonomics, cognitive differences, limited input, and problems resulting from occlusion. To investigate occlusion more closely, we conduct three formal experiments to examine its area and shape, its affect on performance, and compensatory postures. We find that the shape of the occluded area varies across participants with some common characteristics. Our results provide evidence that occlusion affects target selection performance: especially for continuous tasks or when the goal is initially hidden. We observe how users contort their wrist posture during a simultaneous monitoring task, and show this can increase task time. Based on these investigations, we develop a five parameter geometric model to represent the shape of the occluded area and extend this to a user configurable, real-time version. To evaluate our model, we introduce a novel analytic testing methodology using optimization for geometric fitting and precision-recall statistics for comparison; as well as conducting a user study. To address problems with occlusion, we introduce the notion of occlusion-aware interfaces: techniques which can use our configurable model to track currently occluded regions and then counteract potential problems and/or utilize the occluded area. As a case study, we present the Occlusion-Aware Viewer: an interaction technique which displays otherwise missed previews and status messages in a non-occluded area. Within this thesis we also present a number of methodology contributions for quantitative and qualitative study design, multi-faceted study logging using synchronized video, qualitative analysis, image-based analysis, task visualization, optimization-based analytical testing, and user interface image processing.

We investigate, model, and design interaction techniques for hand occlusion with direct pen input. Our focus on occlusion follows from a qualitative and quantitative study of direct pen usability with a conventional graphical user interface (GUI). This study reveals overarching problems relating to poor precision, ergonomics, cognitive differences, limited input, and problems resulting from occlusion. To investigate occlusion more closely, we conduct three formal experiments to examine its area and shape, its affect on performance, and compensatory postures. We find that the shape of the occluded area varies across participants with some common characteristics. Our results provide evidence that occlusion affects target selection performance: especially for continuous tasks or when the goal is initially hidden. We observe how users contort their wrist posture during a simultaneous monitoring task, and show this can increase task time. Based on these investigations, we develop a five parameter geometric model to represent the shape of the occluded area and extend this to a user configurable, real-time version. To evaluate our model, we introduce a novel analytic testing methodology using optimization for geometric fitting and precision-recall statistics for comparison; as well as conducting a user study. To address problems with occlusion, we introduce the notion of occlusion-aware interfaces: techniques which can use our configurable model to track currently occluded regions and then counteract potential problems and/or utilize the occluded area. As a case study, we present the Occlusion-Aware Viewer: an interaction technique which displays otherwise missed previews and status messages in a non-occluded area. Within this thesis we also present a number of methodology contributions for quantitative and qualitative study design, multi-faceted study logging using synchronized video, qualitative analysis, image-based analysis, task visualization, optimization-based analytical testing, and user interface image processing.