A compact multiband antennas for Long Term Evolution (LTE) applications is a challenge. Both the frequencies of new wireless technologies and new frequency bands must be covered. The lower end of the 0.7- 3.5 GHz band is especially difficult to handle for miniaturized terminal devices. A single layer, line-feed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is small enough for the LTE handsets. Our project proposes size reduction and bandwidth enhancement through adapted feeding techniques. By means of slits the return loss and gain can be optimized with the aid of HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator).

In this Master's thesis scripting interface of two programs CST Microwave studio and Ansoft HFSS for the purpose of analysis of electromagnetic structures is described. The work is focuses control of these programs with help of scripting languages and system's interface of MS Windows XP. Next the process of connecting programs with MATLAB is shown on commented scripts together with an example of complete analysis of a chosen problem, and the import and export of results results in MATLAB. Further the functions which form programming interface between MATLAB and simulation programs are designed and implemented. The interconnection layer makes the complete control of simulating programs possible using the function description published in the official documentation of used simulation programs. The layer is described in reference manual in detail and it is used for optimization with use of Particle swarm optimalization (PSO) of planar antenna model. Then there is presented another usage of the layer for an implementation of global optimization methods - SOMA and DE including suggestion of process for comparison efficiency of optimization algorithms on simple electromagnetic models.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O progresso da indÃstria de telecomunicaÃÃes depende da fabricaÃÃo em larga escala de circuitos de baixo custo, alto desempenho elÃtrico, confiabilidade e passividade de miniaturizaÃÃo. Estas caracterÃsticas sÃo necessÃrias para garantir que os sinais transmitidos sejam confinados a uma freqÃÃncia bem definida, evitando assim sinais que possam interferir no desempenho satisfatÃrio de sistemas de telecomunicaÃÃes. As cerÃmicas dielÃtricas fornecem vantagens significantes em termos de compactaÃÃo, peso, estabilidade tÃrmica e custos de produÃÃo em dispositivos de micro-ondas, alÃm de possuir uma grande facilidade de integraÃÃo com outros circuitos integrados de microondas. Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterizaÃÃo de um novo tipo de material cerÃmico para ser utilizado como uma antena miniatura para aplicaÃÃes em Bluetooth (2.4 GHz). O trabalho està dividido em trÃs etapas. A primeira consiste em desenvolver um novo material que possua constante dielÃtrica (25 < Âr < 50), um alto fator de qualidade (Q > 5000) e um coeficiente de temperatura da freqÃÃncia de ressonÃncia (Âf ) prÃximo de zero. A segunda consiste em caracterizar o material desenvolvido atravÃs de DifraÃÃo de Raios-X e Espectroscopias Raman, Infra-vermelho e DielÃtrica. A Ãltima etapa consiste em fabricar e simular a antena feita com o material desenvolvido, comparando o desempenho teÃrico com o prÃtico. / The progress of telecommunication industry is highly dependent of the fabrication of low cost, quality factor and smaller size of the individual components for commercial applications. This kind of characteristics are necessary to warranty that the signal have well suited frequency, avoiding the noise interference signals, that could affect the performance of the telecommunication systems. Dielectric ceramics have significant advantages of light weight, low cost, small size, low profile, high radiation eficiency, low production cost and ease of integration with other active or passive microwave integrated circuit. This work will provide a new ceramic material that could be used in a miniature antenna for Bluetooth applications. This work is divided in three stages. The first one is develop a new material with a good dielectric permittivity (25 < Âr < 50), high quality factor (Q > 5000) and low temperature coeficient of resonant frequency (Âf ). The second one characterize the developed material by XDR, Raman, Infrared and dielectric spectroscopy in microwave region. The last one is build and simulate the antenna made with the developed dielectric material.

No autorizada por el autor a ser publicada a texto completo / El objetivo de la presente memoria es simular el comportamiento electromagnético del fotomezclador UTC-TW como es parte de un proyecto de desarrollo del laboratorio de Fotónica-THz del Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica. La memoria comienza con una revisión de conceptos básicos de teoría de microondas, teoría de antenas, el método de elementos finitos y las características más importantes de la estructura UTC-TW. Además se reseñan las características más importantes de dos programas para la simulación de estructuras a altas frecuencias con el método de elementos finitos: HFSS y CST MicroWave Studio. Luego, se indica la forma en que fueron parametrizadas las dimensiones del dispositivo en los softwares HFSS y CST, las características del equipo computacional utilizado y la forma en que se analiza el dispositivo. Con esto se obtienen los primeros resultados y se los presenta. A continuación se muestran los pasos seguidos para obtener un modelo con bajo costo computacional de la estructura para el análisis en frecuencia en el software HFSS. Se encuentra que es imposible obtener resultados útiles en HFSS debido a limitaciones de memoria RAM, lo que obliga a migrar el diseño a CST donde se realiza un análisis en el dominio del tiempo o transitorio. En CST se obtienen resultados convincentes a un menor costo en memoria y tiempo de computación, los que se comparan con resultados de un diseño simplificado en HFSS. Finalmente se hace una comparación entre HFSS y CST MWS y se concluye que CST es la mejor alternativa para el tipo de estructura estudiada dada la situación actual del equipo computacional disponible. Además se proponen alternativas al método de elementos finitos para la simulación del dispositivo y se indican algunas consideraciones para simulaciones futuras en HFSS y CST.

Because SAW filters are small, high reliability, and it cannot be easily integrated with silicon substrate, they have become one of the most popular communication passive components recently. As the working frequency becomes higher, SAW filters are more sensitive to electromagnetic interference introduced by the package. Discrepancy in performance between design and measurement can be large if the packing effects are not considered. In this thesis, we make use of Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) and develop a procedure combining High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) with ADS software to simulate electromagnetic effect of a packaged SAW Filter. This is a full-wave method that integrates electromagnetic wave and acoustic wave. Measurement is also carried out to verify the simulated results. Preliminary results show that this method that we provide can predict frequency response in package effectively. Our Prediction can save factory design time and production cost.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O campo da comunicaÃÃo sem fio vem passando por um crescimento revolucionÃrio nas Ãltimas dÃcadas. Isto à atribuÃdo à invenÃÃo de telefones celulares portÃteis. O sucesso da segunda geraÃÃo (2G) dos serviÃos de comunicaÃÃo de telefonia celular, motiva o desenvolvimento de banda larga de terceira geraÃÃo (3G) de telefones celulares e outros produtos e serviÃos sem fio, como por exemplo, o Bluetooth. Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterizaÃÃo de dois sistemas cerÃmicos tendo como base uma matriz de titanato de cÃlcio (CaTiO3) com substituiÃÃo de Ãons titÃnio por Ãons de niÃbio associados com bismuto (Ca (Nb1/2Bi1/2)xTi1-xO3; x=0.7 e 0.8), visando a adiÃÃo de B2O3 para diminuiÃÃo da temperatura de sinterizaÃÃo e melhorar a densificaÃÃo, e posteriormente, verificar as modificaÃÃes ocorridas nas propriedades do material, como por exemplo, o coeficiente de temperatura da frequÃncia ressonante (&#964;f). As sÃries cerÃmicas foram produzidas a partir da reaÃÃo no estado sÃlido, com a utilizaÃÃo de moagem mecÃnica de alta energia e tratamento tÃrmico. A caracterizaÃÃo estrutural foi feita atravÃs de Microscopia EletrÃnica de Varredura (MEV) e Picnometria. Foram realizados experimentos para avaliaÃÃo do comportamento elÃtrico e dielÃtrico das amostras, na faixa de Microondas e RÃdio-FrequÃncia (temperatura ambiente e com variaÃÃo de temperatura). Por fim, o material foi testado como uma antena ressoadora dielÃtrica, e posteriormente os resultados obtidos foram simulados atravÃs do programa HFSS (Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator). Os materiais cerÃmicos produzidos tiveram suas propriedades elÃtricas, dielÃtricas e como antena bastante afetadas com a adiÃÃo do B2O3. / The field of wireless communication has undergone a revolutionary growth in recent decades. This is attributed to the invention of wireless mobile phones. The success of second generation (2G) services of cellular communication, motivates the development of broadband third generation (3G) mobile phones and other wireless products and services, such as Bluetooth. This work describes the development and characterization of two ceramic systems based on a matrix of calcium titanate (CaTiO3) with substitution of titanium ions by niobium ions associated with bismuth (Ca (Nb1/2Bi1/2) xTi1-xO3, x = 0.7 and 0.8), aiming the addition of B2O3 to reduce the sintering temperature and to improve densification, and thus verify the modifications on material properties, such as the temperature coefficient &#964;f. The ceramic series are produced from solid state reaction with the use of high energy mechanical milling and heat treatment. The structural characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Pycnometry. Experiments were done to evaluate the dielectric behavior of samples in the range of Microwave and Radio Frequency (room temperature and with temperature variation). Finally the material was tested as a dielectric resonator antenna, and posteriorly the results were simulated using HFSS program (Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator). The produced ceramics have had their electrical, dielectric and antenna properties quite affected with the addition of B2O3.

No description available.

No / Abstract: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems has gained increasing popularity with multiple deployments to existing wireless sensors in a view to achieve energy and overall operational efficiency at a much lower cost. This paper presents the design and analysis of a UHF (860-868MHZ) passive tag using HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator) platform. It explores specific tag geometry characteristics that affect overall tag antenna performance and presents the optimised result. The simulation results and parametric analysis are compared. Further simulations on HFSS platform is carried out to theoretically demonstrate the reflections of the tag when deployed as sensors to multiple levels of a cistern.

Microstrip antennas are low in profile, light in weight, conformable in structure and are now developed for many applications. The main difficulty of the microstrip antenna is its narrow bandwidth. Several modern applications like satellite communications, remote sensing and multi-function radar systems will find it useful if there is dual band antenna operating from a single aperture. Some applications require covering both transmitting and receiving frequency bands which are spaced apart. Providing multiple antennas to handle multiple frequencies and polarizations becomes especially difficult if the available space is limited as with airborne platforms and submarine periscopes. Dual band operation can be realized from a single feed using slot loaded or stacked microstrip antenna or two separately fed antennas sharing a common aperture. The former design, when used in arrays, has certain limitations like complicated beam forming or diplexing network and difficulty to realize good radiation patterns at both the bands. The second technique provides more flexibility with separate feed system as beams in each frequency band can be controlled independently. Another desirable feature of a dual band antenna is easy adjustability of upper and lower frequency bands. This thesis presents investigation of a new dual band antenna, which is a hybrid of microstrip and waveguide radiating elements. The low band radiator is a Shorted Annular Ring (SAR) microstrip antenna and the high band radiator is an aperture antenna. The hybrid antenna is realized by forming a waveguide radiator in the shorted region of the SAR microstrip antenna. It is shown that the upper to lower frequency ratio can be controlled by the proper choice of various dimensions and dielectric material. Operation in both linear and circular polarization is possible in either band. Moreover, both broadside and conical beams can be generated in either band from this antenna element. Finite Element Method based software, HFSS and Method of Moments based software, FEKO were employed to perform parametric studies of the proposed dual band antenna. The antenna was not tested physically. Therefore, in most cases, both HFSS and FEKO were employed to corroborate the simulation results. / Master of Science

Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται μελέτη της χρήσης διηλεκτρικών υλικών για τη βελτίωση των απεικονιστικών ιδιοτήτων της εστιασμένης μικροκυματικής ραδιομετρίας, όπωςείναι η χωρική διακριτική ικανότητα και το βάθος διείσδυσης της ακτινοβολίας. Με τη βοήθεια του λογισμικού HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulation) το οποίο βασίζεται στη μέθοδο των πεπερασμένων στοιχείων, μελετώνται διάφορες υλοποιήσεις με τη χρήση των διηλεκτρικών. Τοποθετούνται διηλεκτρικά στρώματα βηματικού δείκτη διάθλασης γύρω από το κεφάλι και διηλεκτρικά στρώματα γύρω από την κεραία. Επίσης σε μια άλλη προσέγγιση του προβλήματος, το κεφάλι τοποθετείται σε ομοιογενή σφαίρα διηλεκτρικού ώστε να επιτευχθεί ευκολότερη και πιο αξιόπιστη εστίαση. Τέλος εξετάζεται η περίπτωση λειτουργίας του MiRaIS με τη χρήση κατευθυντήριας κεραίας τεχνολογίας microstrip, αντί για παγκατευθυντικό δίπολο. Σε κάθε προσέγγιση αξιολογούνται και συγκρίνονται τα αριθμητικά αποτελέσματα όλων των συχνοτήτων που δοκιμάζονται (500MHz-2GHz). / -