The research presented in this thesis addresses the problem of Text Segmentation in Web images. Text is routinely created in image form (headers, banners etc.) on Web pages, as an attempt to overcome the stylistic limitations of HTML. This text however, has a potentially high semantic value in terms of indexing and searching for the corresponding Web pages. As current search engine technology does not allow for text extraction and recognition in images, the text in image form is ignored. Moreover, it is desirable to obtain a uniform representation of all visible text of a Web page (for applications such as voice browsing or automated content analysis). This thesis presents two methods for text segmentation in Web images using colour perception and topological features. The nature of Web images and the implicit problems to text segmentation are described, and a study is performed to assess the magnitude of the problem and establish the need for automated text segmentation methods. Two segmentation methods are subsequently presented: the Split-and-Merge segmentation method and the Fuzzy segmentation method. Although approached in a distinctly different way in each method, the safe assumption that a human being should be able to read the text in any given Web Image is the foundation of both methods’ reasoning. This anthropocentric character of the methods along with the use of topological features of connected components, comprise the underlying working principles of the methods. An approach for classifying the connected components resulting from the segmentation methods as either characters or parts of the background is also presented.

WWW-Vortrag UNIX-Stammtisch 06/95.

Hypertext users often face the difficulty of identifying pages of .information most relevant to their current goals or interests, and are forced to wade through irrelevant pages, even though they know precisely what they are looking for. In order to address this issue, this research has investigated the Technical feasibility and also the utility of applying machine learning algorithms to generate personalised adaptation on the basis of browsing history in hypertext. A Web-based information system called MLTutor has been developed to determine the viability of this approach. The MLTutor has been implemented,tested, and evaluated. The design of MLTutor aims to remove the need for pre-defined user profiles and replace them with a dynamic user profile building scheme in order to provide individual adaptation. This is achieved by a combination o f conceptual clustering and inductive machine learning algorithms. This integration of two machine learning algorithms is a novel approach in the field of machine learning. In the initial prototype of MLTutor, a simple attribute based conceptual clustering algorithm and the ID3 algorithm were implemented. An assessment of the initial prototype highlighted the need for an in-depth investigation into the machine learning component of the prototype. This investigation led to the development of a multiple decision learning algorithm named SG-1 and a scheme for attribute encoding within the system. In order to assess these enhancements a comparative study was conducted with four adaptive variants of MLTutor along with the non-adaptive control. The adaptive variants were developed to allow alternative approaches within the machine learning component of the system to be compared. Two of the variants applied the clustering algorithm dynamically and used two different Cluster selection strategies. These strategies were based on the last page visited and a weighting of recently visited pages. The other adaptive variants used pre-clustered data with the same cluster selection strategies. The comparative evaluation undertaken on the variants used a number of established evaluation criteria and also introduced an original cross analysis scheme to determine how the adaptive component of MLTutor was utilised to complete a set of tasks. This cross analysis scheme highlights a number of weaknesses related to the evaluation methods commonly used in the field of adaptive hypermedia. The results have also highlighted a technical limitation with the particular clustering algorithm employed, specifically the generation of a heterogeneous cluster that results in poor suggestions in some circumstances. The results of the evaluation show that the MLTutor is a functional and robust system. Although the utility of using machine learning algorithms to analyse browsing activity in a hypertext system is unproven, the technical feasibility has been established.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diplomarb., 2002.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This paper aim to present a model for evaluating what we choose to call HTML-frameworks, a framework that contains a set of CSS layouts and occasionally JavaScript support, based on the characteristics of the software quality standard ISO/IEC 9126-1. The methods used to produce this model is based on a field study that involved making a web portal with the help of a HTML-framework, some relevant literature and an analysis of the framework based on the characteristics of the ISO/IEC 9126-1 standard. The result was a model based on twelve different characteristics; functionality, web browser compatibility, collaborative skills, user-friendliness, documentation, visuals, graphic layout, performance, activity, professional support, replaceability and license. This model should be viewed upon as a suggestion to what a model for choosing HTML-framework could look like, because we haven’t had the time to test it in a real situation, so further studies are needed, and we believe there could be improvements made in the objectivity of the assessments of the characteristics.

Bosbec är ett företag som utvecklar tjänster för automatisering av informationsflöde via internet, sms, och IOT. När denna rapport skrevs var hybridutveckling en populär utvecklingsmetod för att spara tid och pengar genom att utveckla applikationer i ett språk som sedan kan användas på flera mobila enheter. Bosbec har sen tidigare en chattapplikation som bygger på en äldre kommunikationsstandard, något som upplevs långsamt vid hög belastning. Målet är att utveckla en prototyp för att utreda om en nyare kommunikationsmetod kan göra chattapplikationen snabbare men samtidigt behålla stöd mot den gamla applikationen för att inte mista användare. Metoderna som använts för utveckling utav prototypen är hybridutveckling och en utredning utav vilket kommunikationsprotokoll som passar tjänsten bäst. Resultatet av prototyputvecklingen var att kommunikationshastigheten ökade precis som Bosbec önskade, och att användarupplevelsen blev bättre jämfört med den gamla applikationen. Slutresultatet av prototyputvecklingen är att utveckling av en ny chattapplikation kommer inledas. / Bosbec is a company that develops services for automating the flow of information via the Internet, SMS, and IOT. At the time of writing this report, hybrid development was a popular method to save time and money by developing applications in a language that then can compiled to be used on multiple mobile devices. Bosbec has since earlier a chat application that is based on an older communication protocol, which gives the user a slow experience of using application at high loads. The goal is to develop a prototype to investigate whether a newer communication method may make the chat application faster while retaining support against the old application to not lose users. The methods used for the development of the prototype is hybrid development and an investigation to resolve which communication protocol that fits the service the best. The results of developing the prototype was that the communication speed increased as Bosbec desired, and that the user experience was better compared to the old application. The end result of prototype development is that development of a new chat application will be launched.

Det här arbetet handlar om att göra en undersöka om de vanligaste webbläsarna Firefox och Internet Explorer om de har problem att skriva ut vanlig HTML-kod. Arbetet var utformat att hämta de vanligaste HTML-elementen och CSS-elementen från sex webbsidor. Det gjorde även en enklare fördjupning om varför webbsidorna avviker från standarden från första början. De elementen som togs fram tidigare användes sedan i undersökningar som fem olika personer har deltagit i. Testerna gick ut på att personerna kollade på testsidorna i Firefox och Internet Explorer för att se om något skiljde sig åt mellan webbläsarna. Undersökningarna visade att båda webbläsarna hade problem med att visa upp sidorna på ett korrekt sätt även om problemen inte var så stora som de hade kunnat vara.

Smärt och rehabiliteringenheten på Universitetsjukhuset i Linköping har efterfrågat en webbapplikation som ska fungera som ett supplement till den traditionella rehabiliteringsplanen som finns för att hjälpa patienter. Webbapplikationens huvudsakliga mål är att förbereda patienter för kommande rehabilitering och även vara ett verktyg för kommunikation och hjälpmedel både under och efter rehabiliteringen. Vårt examensarbete har gått ut på att utveckla plattformen MERIT, "Min egen rehabilitering på Internet". Plattformen är webbaserad och uppbyggd efter MVC mönstret med hjälp av PHP-ramverket CodeIgniter. Behandlare har själva möjligheten och ansvaret att skapa det material som ska delgivas patienterna på både individuell och gruppnivå. Behandlare har även möjligheten att skapa skattningsverktyg (formulär) som denne vill delge patienter. Patienter som loggar in i systemet har möjlighet att ta del av det material som behandlare har gett dem eller kommunicera med sin behandlare men det finns även möjlighet för patienter att planera sin egen träning och på ett överskådligt sätt se hur träningen ger resultat.

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