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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An Efficient Hybrid Heuristic and Probabilistic Model for the Gate Matrix Layout Problem in VLSI Design

Bagchi, Tanuj 08 1900 (has links)
In this thesis, the gate matrix layout problem in VLSI design is considered where the goal is to minimize the number of tracks required to layout a given circuit and a taxonomy of approaches to its solution is presented. An efficient hybrid heuristic is also proposed for this combinatorial optimization problem, which is based on the combination of probabilistic hill-climbing technique and greedy method. This heuristic is tested experimentally with respect to four existing algorithms. As test cases, five benchmark problems from the literature as well as randomly generated problem instances are considered. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm, on the average, performs better than other heuristics in terms of the required computation time and/or the quality of solution. Due to the computation-intensive nature of the problem, an exact solution within reasonable time limits is impossible. So, it is difficult to judge the effectiveness of any heuristic in terms of the quality of solution (number of tracks required). A probabilistic model of the gate matrix layout problem that computes the expected number of tracks from the given input parameters, is useful to this respect. Such a probabilistic model is proposed in this thesis, and its performance is experimentally evaluated.
2

[en] HYBRID HEURISTICS FOR THE PHYLOGENY PROBLEM / [pt] HEURÍSTICAS HÍBRIDAS PARA O PROBLEMA DA FILOGENIA

DALESSANDRO SOARES VIANNA 13 July 2004 (has links)
[pt] Uma filogenia é uma árvore que relaciona unidades taxonômicas, baseada na similaridade de seus conjuntos de características. O problema da filogenia consiste em encontrar uma filogenia com o número mínimo de passos evolutivos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver heurísticas híbridas para este problema. Duas estratégias são propostas. A primeira combina a metaheurística GRASP baseada em uma nova estrutura de vizinhança (k-SPR) proposta neste trabalho com um procedimento VND de busca local. A segunda estratégia híbrida combina algoritmos genéticos com uma estratégia de cruzamento inovadora, a qual é uma extensão da técnica de intensificação denominada reconexão por caminhos que foi originalmente aplicada no contexto de outras metaheurísticas, tais como busca tabu e GRASP. Os experimentos computacionais realizados sobre instâncias geradas aleatoriamente e instâncias da literatura científica mostram que os novos algoritmos são bastante robustos e que superaram os outros algoritmos existentes na literatura em termos de qualidade de solução e tempos computacionais obtidos. / [en] A phylogeny is a tree that relates taxonomic units, based on their similarities over a set of characters. The phylogeny problem consists in finding a phylogeny with the minimum number of evolutionary steps. The main goal of this work is to develop hybrid heuristics for this problem. Two strategies are proposed. The first combines the GRASP metaheuristic using a new neighborhood structure (k-SPR) proposed in this work with a VND local search procedure. The second hybrid strategy combines genetic algorithms with an innovative optimized crossover strategy which is an extension of the path-relinking intensification technique originally applied in the context of other metaheuristics such as tabu search and GRASP. Computational results on randomly generated and benchmark instances are reported, showing that the new heuristics are quite robust and outperform the others algorithms in the literature in terms of solution quality and computational time.
3

[en] MODELS AND ALGORITHMS FOR THE DIAMETER CONSTRAINED MINIMUM SPANNING TREE PROBLEM / [pt] MODELOS E ALGORITMOS PARA O PROBLEMA DA ÁRVORE GERADORA DE CUSTO MÍNIMO COM RESTRIÇÃO DE DIÂMETRO

ANDREA CYNTHIA DOS SANTOS 01 November 2006 (has links)
[pt] Nesta tese são propostos modelos e algoritmos aproximados para o Problema da Árvore Geradora de Custo Mínimo com Restrição de Diâmetro (AGMD). Este problema modela tipicamente aplicações em projetos de redes de computadores onde todos os vértices devem comunicar-se entre si a um custo mínimo, garantindo um certo nível de serviço. Os modelos propostos por Achuthan e Caccetta para o AGMD são reforçados através da introdução de restrições válidas. Uma relaxação lagrangeana é proposta para o modelo de multifluxo básico de Gouveia e Magnanti. Essa relaxação é utilizada para o desenvolvimento de heurísticas lagrangeanas. Adaptações são realizadas nas heurísticas construtivas propostas por Deo e Abdalla, e por Raidl e Julstrom. São propostas ainda quatro estratégias de busca local, uma heurística do tipo GRASP e outra híbrida. São obtidos limites superiores a menos de 2% do ótimo para as classes de instâncias usadas nos trabalhos de Gouveia e Magnanti, e de Santos, Lucena e Ribeiro. Além disto, obteve-se os melhores resultados conhecidos até o presente momento para 11 instâncias de grafos completos usadas por Raidl, Julstrom e Gruber. / [en] In this work, models and approximation algorithms to solve the Diameter Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree Problem (AGMD) are proposed. This problem typically models network design applications where all vertices must communicate with each other at a minimum cost, while meeting a given quality requirement. The formulations proposed by Achuthan and Caccetta are strengthened with valid inequalities. A lagrangean relaxation is proposed for the multicommodity flow model developed by Gouveia and Magnanti. Adaptations are made in the constructive heuristics proposed by Deo and Abdalla and by Raidl and Julstrom. Four local search procedures, a GRASP algorithm and a hybrid heuristic are proposed. Upper bounds within 2% of the optimal solution values are obtained for the two classes of instances used by Gouveia and Magnanti and by Santos, Lucena and Ribeiro. Moreover, stronger upper bounds are reported for 11 instances in complete graphs used by Raidl, Julstrom and Gruber

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