Marburg, Univ., Diss., 2003. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Chicago, 1920. / "Private edition, distributed by The University of Chicago Libraries, Chicago, Illinois, 1920." Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2003.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-223). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11597

Th.--Lett.--Paris 1, 1982.

Utilizing the rabbit »s nictitating membrane response preparation, it was demonstrated that Pavlov's procedure for producing conditioned inhibition resulted in a stimulus which controlled a response strength below zero. Due to the use of appropriate control groups, it was concluded that the inhibition produced was not due to non-associative processes. The results were interpreted as lending empirical support for Hull's, and Rescorla and Wagner's theoretical assumptions.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Bibliography: p. 40-41.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Bibliography: p. 56.

Due to numerous definitions for attention and inhibition, it is very difficult to operationalize and measure these constructs (Barkley, 1996). The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether there is evidence for independence between attention and inhibition constructs using measures from the TEA-ch, Gordon CPT, Stroop Task, WISC- Digit Span and Go-No-Go Tasks and tasks of inhibition. Each of 140 students were evaluated on all measures and scores were correlated. In addition, Teacher Ratings and scores from the OLSAT were also correlated with attention and inhibition scores. Gender differences between all scores were also examined. Overall, measures did not correlate as expected. Results showed that there were significant but weak correlations among the sustained and selective attention variables. Similarly, when all inhibition variables were correlated only four significant but weak correlations were found. The lack of convergent validity and low correlations among these measures suggest that attention and inhibition constructs may be multi-dimensional. Intercorrelations between attention and inhibition variables were also weak. Relationships between OLSAT scores, Teachers Ratings and attention and inhibition variables showed that as scores that reflect reasoning skills and Teacher Ratings increased, the ability to attend and inhibit also increased. Gender differences in attention and inhibition scores were also examined and showed that girls were better at paying attention to stimuli and inhibiting impulsive responses than boys.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in reward-based decision-making, linking higher-order thinking and emotions. Because of this area's dense connectivity it is important to study the properties of the excitatory and inhibitory network that governs ACC output. The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology of dendritic excitatory postsynaptic sites and inhibitory inputs on layer 2 and layer 3 ACC pyramidal neurons, the principal intracortical projection neurons of the cortex. Using biocytin-filling and high-resolution confocal imaging, we quantified the distribution of dendritic spines, the major sites of excitatory input, on pyramidal cells. We visualized inhibitory inputs apposed to specific pyramidal cell compartments, including the axon initial segment, soma, dendrites, and dendritic spines, through immunohistochemical labeling of vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid transporter. Layer 2 and layer 3 cells had similar spine densities on their apical and basal dendritic compartments, with a maximum spine density occurring in their middle apical and middle basal compartments. Axon initial segments of layer 3 cells had a higher density of inhibitory input compared to the layer 2 cells (0.84 vs 0.66 apps/μm). The apical dendritic shaft had a higher apposition density than the basal dendritic shaft in an individual layer (layer 2, 0.50 vs 0.32; layer 3, 0.50 vs 0.28 apps/μm) with the majority of the innervation occurring on the proximal compartments of both apical and basal segments. Although located in different laminae, these cells showed similar inhibitory input distributions, with higher amounts of inhibition proximally. Finally, these inhibitory inputs also occurred on dendritic spines, with the highest density on thin spines. However, proportionally, mushroom spines had the highest level of innervation, with up to 44% of these spines receiving inhibitory input. These findings add to the understanding of how inhibition at the cellular level can affect the output of the ACC and begin to uncover important relationships between cellular structure and function in this brain region.