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U.S. and Russian cooperation against nuclear proliferationShearer, Samuel R. 09 1900 (has links)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Iran may have a nuclear weapon soon if Washington and Moscow do not unite to slow its efforts. The collapse of the Soviet Union created new complications in a long tradition of nonproliferation cooperation between the United States and Russia, and Iran is just one example. In the 1960s, faced with a common nuclear threat of China, Washington and Moscow united to negotiate the Limited Test Ban Treaty and Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to prevent China and other nuclear aspirants from proliferating nuclear weapons. They shepherded their allies to the nonproliferation table and made them sign the treaties. Their efforts retarded nuclear proliferation but failed to prevent China, India, and Pakistan, from gaining nuclear weapons. Following the Cold War their cooperative relationship changed as Washington began treating Moscow as an unequal partner and their nonproliferation efforts broke down into a cooperative and uncooperative mix. This mix has reduced the effectiveness of their efforts and may accelerate proliferation. The September 11th terrorist attacks put more attention on the nuclear proliferation threat to the international community. If this threat is to be minimized, Washington and Moscow need to work together, as they did against China, to prevent new nuclear powers from emerging. / Captain, United States Air Force
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Priests, technicians and traders : actors, interests and discursive politics in Brazil's agricultural development cooperation programmes with MozambiqueCabral, Lídia Vilela January 2016 (has links)
This research is about Brazil's international development cooperation in agriculture. I take two cooperation programmes carried out by the Brazilian government in Mozambique – ProSAVANA and More Food International (MFI) – to analyse the processes whereby cooperation policy is formed and transformed. I ask how Brazil's domestic politics interact with international affairs to shape agricultural cooperation with Mozambique. I consider the ‘priests, technicians and traders' of Brazilian cooperation, following a caricature used by one respondent to characterise disputes in ProSAVANA. This triadic portrayal captures the diversity of actors, interests and discourse of Brazilian cooperation. It is also analytically useful to investigate how actors relate to one another and how alliances, networks or coalitions, held together on the basis of convenience, shared beliefs or common narratives, emerge and evolve over time. My analytical approach places actors and interests in the context of institutional processes, but also against policy narratives that are the product of history, state-society interactions and class-based struggles in Brazil. The latter are, in turn, at the root of those institutional processes and actors' identities. Narratives may be used to pursue certain agendas but they also construct the agendas and the identity of the actors that articulate them. My research also emphasises the inter-spatial or travelling dimension of cooperation policy, with flows of influence occurring forwards and backwards. Brazilian actors, interests and discourse travel from Brazil to Mozambique, get interpreted and absorbed selectively and this has repercussions back to the point of origin. Finally, I argue that Brazil's development encounters in Mozambique proved harder to manage than suggested by the presumed affinities and claims about horizontal relations in Brazilian cooperation. The experiences of ProSAVANA and MFI illustrate the challenges facing the Brazilian cooperation narrative and its governing principles. I discuss implications for the Brazilian ‘model' and for the South-South paradigm.
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Power, interest, value and state's non-compliance with international regimesXu, Yi Hua January 2015 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Government and Public Administration
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The negotiation of meaning: an ethnography of planning in a non-governmental organizationCunningham-Dunlop, Catherine 11 1900 (has links)
The research problem that this study addresses is two-fold.
First, the persistance of poverty gives rise to a real world
concern for improving the effectiveness of international
development efforts. To address the link between the alleviation
of poverty, adult education, and a grass-roots approach, this
study focuses on planning within an organization that offers
adult education programs overseas, specifically a nongovernmental
organization (NGO). An understanding of the dynamics
of planning in such an NGO will help in articulating more
effective approaches to planning practice in international
development. The second aspect of the research problem is that
the relationship between the planning process and the planning
context seems not to have been fully explored in the literature
on adult education program planning. There is a need for a more
complete set of analytical tools that captures the complexities
of planning and sheds light on the relationship between the
planning context and the planning process.
The purpose of this dissertation is to address the main
theoretical question raised by the research problem: How do nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) plan so as to maintain
themselves and be effective given the pressures on them? This
theoretical question was investigated through a case study
method, specifically ethnography. Ethnographic fieldwork, which
included seventeen months of participant observation, twenty-five
interviews, and document analysis, was carried out at an NGO, refered to here by the pseudonym of "Global Faith."
The conceptual framework developed in this dissertation
builds on the negotiation approach to planning. The first part of
the conceptual framework links two strands of research:
leadership theory and negotiation theory. Through this
juxtaposition, I was able to examine the process of planning in a
new light - as the negotiation of meaning. The second part of the
framework shows how a deeper understanding of the context of
planning is accomplished by applying a subjectivist, multi-
perspective approach to analyzing cultures in organizations. This
approach - which incorporates the integration perspective, the
differentiation perspective, and the fragmentation perspective was
used to see Global Faith cultures in three different ways.
These same ways of viewing culture at Global Faith were matched
with the varying interpretations held by staff members in order
to characterize the cultural contexts for specific episodes of
planning involving the negotiation of meaning.
The findings show that by including the negotiation of
meaning in planning activities, Global Faith is able to motivate
staff and deal effectively with confusing requirements,
conflicting expectations, and diverse demands that they face in
their interactions with CIDA, general public donors, the Board of
Directors, and overseas partner organizations. There is a
recursive relationship between planning processes involving the
negotiation of meaning and Global Faith cultures whereby the
cultures are both precursors and products of negotiation of
meaning episodes.
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The structure of private international organizationsWhite, Lyman Cromwell, January 1933 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1933. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 324-326.
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Non-political cooperation between the United States and the League of Nations /Mirise, Edwin Clair. January 1937 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.) --Ohio State University, 1937. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-77). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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The negotiation of meaning: an ethnography of planning in a non-governmental organizationCunningham-Dunlop, Catherine 11 1900 (has links)
The research problem that this study addresses is two-fold.
First, the persistance of poverty gives rise to a real world
concern for improving the effectiveness of international
development efforts. To address the link between the alleviation
of poverty, adult education, and a grass-roots approach, this
study focuses on planning within an organization that offers
adult education programs overseas, specifically a nongovernmental
organization (NGO). An understanding of the dynamics
of planning in such an NGO will help in articulating more
effective approaches to planning practice in international
development. The second aspect of the research problem is that
the relationship between the planning process and the planning
context seems not to have been fully explored in the literature
on adult education program planning. There is a need for a more
complete set of analytical tools that captures the complexities
of planning and sheds light on the relationship between the
planning context and the planning process.
The purpose of this dissertation is to address the main
theoretical question raised by the research problem: How do nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) plan so as to maintain
themselves and be effective given the pressures on them? This
theoretical question was investigated through a case study
method, specifically ethnography. Ethnographic fieldwork, which
included seventeen months of participant observation, twenty-five
interviews, and document analysis, was carried out at an NGO, refered to here by the pseudonym of "Global Faith."
The conceptual framework developed in this dissertation
builds on the negotiation approach to planning. The first part of
the conceptual framework links two strands of research:
leadership theory and negotiation theory. Through this
juxtaposition, I was able to examine the process of planning in a
new light - as the negotiation of meaning. The second part of the
framework shows how a deeper understanding of the context of
planning is accomplished by applying a subjectivist, multi-
perspective approach to analyzing cultures in organizations. This
approach - which incorporates the integration perspective, the
differentiation perspective, and the fragmentation perspective was
used to see Global Faith cultures in three different ways.
These same ways of viewing culture at Global Faith were matched
with the varying interpretations held by staff members in order
to characterize the cultural contexts for specific episodes of
planning involving the negotiation of meaning.
The findings show that by including the negotiation of
meaning in planning activities, Global Faith is able to motivate
staff and deal effectively with confusing requirements,
conflicting expectations, and diverse demands that they face in
their interactions with CIDA, general public donors, the Board of
Directors, and overseas partner organizations. There is a
recursive relationship between planning processes involving the
negotiation of meaning and Global Faith cultures whereby the
cultures are both precursors and products of negotiation of
meaning episodes. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate
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Gaining State Response on Global Environmental Problem-Solving: Developing A State-centric ApproachBothwell, Heather MacGregor 10 July 1995 (has links)
This study focuses on identifying the conditions which encourage or discourage international cooperation with regard to environmental problem-solving. In particular, the divergence between two key international relations theories, Environmentalism and Realism, will be examined in hopes of forging a rapprochement and stimulating research for a comprehensive theoretical approach to global environmental problem-solving. It is hypothesized that a state-centric political system is both a reality and an effective structure for environmental problem-solving, therefore an examination of state participation and the motivators and inhibitors affecting state response on certain environmental issues is conducted. In particular, this study hypothesizes that uncertainty can act as an inhibitor, and without the introduction of motivators can prevent states from participating in environmental problem-solving. A conceptual model of state courses of action is utilized to illustrate the potential of state participation and the development of a state-centric approach.
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State Cooperation on Regulatory Policies for Transboundary Environmental IssuesPennell, Jennifer Lyn 06 July 1995 (has links)
This research analyzes three contributing factors, perception, knowledge, and affordability, in order to estimate the likelihood of state cooperation on effective regulatory policies for transboundary environmental problems. The correlative hypothesis in this research postulates that states are more likely to support environmental regulatory policies when the issue is perceived by policymakers as serious, substantiated by a high level of knowledge, and affordable for the state. Regulatory policies for transboundary environmental issues require policymakers to act in foresight, employ precautionary measures, and cooperate. Cooperation implies that states will coordinate their policies and eschew their dominant strategy of independent decision making. However, this research contends that states decide to cooperate because they perceive the strategic interaction to be beneficial. Thus, the theory of cooperation in this research is consistent with realist assumptions of rational egoism.
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Cinema, cultural diversity and the globalization process.Vincent, Bérénice January 2005 (has links)
The objective of this research was to examine the future of the cultural diversity of cinema through the GATS and the TRIPS Agreement.
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