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Progressive Validity Metamodel Trust Region OptimizationThomson, Quinn Parker 26 February 2009 (has links)
The goal of this work was to develop metamodels of the MDO framework piMDO and provide new research in metamodeling strategies. The theory of existing metamodels is presented and implementation details are given. A new trust region scheme --- metamodel trust region optimization (MTRO) --- was developed. This method uses a progressive level of minimum validity in order to reduce the number of sample points required for the optimization process. Higher levels of validity require denser point distributions, but the reducing size of the region during the optimization process mitigates an increase the number of points required. New metamodeling strategies include: inherited optimal latin hypercube sampling, hybrid latin hypercube sampling, and kriging with BFGS. MTRO performs better than traditional trust region methods for single discipline problems and is competitive against other MDO architectures when used with a CSSO algorithm. Advanced metamodeling methods proved to be inefficient in trust region methods.
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Progressive Validity Metamodel Trust Region OptimizationThomson, Quinn Parker 26 February 2009 (has links)
The goal of this work was to develop metamodels of the MDO framework piMDO and provide new research in metamodeling strategies. The theory of existing metamodels is presented and implementation details are given. A new trust region scheme --- metamodel trust region optimization (MTRO) --- was developed. This method uses a progressive level of minimum validity in order to reduce the number of sample points required for the optimization process. Higher levels of validity require denser point distributions, but the reducing size of the region during the optimization process mitigates an increase the number of points required. New metamodeling strategies include: inherited optimal latin hypercube sampling, hybrid latin hypercube sampling, and kriging with BFGS. MTRO performs better than traditional trust region methods for single discipline problems and is competitive against other MDO architectures when used with a CSSO algorithm. Advanced metamodeling methods proved to be inefficient in trust region methods.
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[en] NON-PARAMETRIC ESTIMATIONS OF INTEREST RATE CURVES : MODEL SELECTION CRITERION: MODEL SELECTION CRITERIONPERFORMANCE DETERMINANT FACTORS AND BID-ASK S / [pt] ESTIMAÇÕES NÃO PARAMÉTRICAS DE CURVAS DE JUROS: CRITÉRIO DE SELEÇÃO DE MODELO, FATORES DETERMINANTES DEDESEMPENHO E BID-ASK SPREADANDRE MONTEIRO DALMEIDA MONTEIRO 11 June 2002 (has links)
[pt] Esta tese investiga a estimação de curvas de juros sob o
ponto de vista de métodos não-paramétricos. O texto está
dividido em dois blocos. O primeiro investiga a questão do
critério utilizado para selecionar o método de melhor
desempenho na tarefa de interpolar a curva de juros
brasileira em uma dada amostra. Foi proposto um critério
de
seleção de método baseado em estratégias de re-amostragem
do tipo leave-k-out cross validation, onde K k £ £ 1
e K é função do número de contratos observados a cada
curva
da amostra. Especificidades do problema reduzem o esforço
computacional requerido, tornando o critério factível. A
amostra tem freqüência diária: janeiro de 1997 a
fevereiro
de 2001. O critério proposto apontou o spline cúbico
natural -utilizado com método de ajuste perfeito aos
dados - como o método de melhor desempenho. Considerando
a
precisão de negociação, este spline mostrou-se não
viesado. A análise quantitativa de seu desempenho
identificou, contudo, heterocedasticidades nos erros
simulados. A partir da especificação da variância
condicional destes erros e de algumas hipóteses, foi
proposto um esquema de intervalo de segurança para a
estimação de taxas de juros pelo spline cúbico natural,
empregado como método de ajuste perfeito aos
dados. O backtest sugere que o esquema proposto é
consistente, acomodando bem as hipóteses e aproximações
envolvidas. O segundo bloco investiga a estimação da
curva
de juros norte-americana construída a partir dos
contratos
de swaps de taxas de juros dólar-Libor pela Máquina de
Vetores Suporte (MVS), parte do corpo da Teoria do
Aprendizado Estatístico. A pesquisa em MVS tem obtido
importantes avanços teóricos, embora ainda sejam escassas
as implementações em problemas reais de regressão. A MVS
possui características atrativas para a modelagem de
curva
de juros: é capaz de introduzir já na estimação
informações
a priori sobre o formato da curva e sobre aspectos da
formação das taxas e liquidez de cada um dos contratos a
partir dos quais ela é construída. Estas últimas são
quantificadas pelo bid-ask spread (BAS) de cada contrato.
A formulação básica da MVS é alterada para assimilar
diferentes valores do BAS sem que as propriedades dela
sejam perdidas. É dada especial atenção ao levantamento
de
informação a priori para seleção dos parâmetros da MVS a
partir do formato típico da curva. A amostra tem
freqüência diária: março de 1997 a abril de 2001. Os
desempenhos fora da amostra de diversas especificações da
MVS foram confrontados com aqueles de outros métodos de
estimação. A MVS foi o método que melhor controlou o
trade-
off entre viés e variância dos erros. / [en] This thesis investigates interest rates curve estimation
under non-parametric approach. The text is divided into two
parts. The first one focus on which criterion to use to
select the best performance method in the task of
interpolating Brazilian interest rate curve. A selection
criterion is proposed to measure out-of-sample performance
by combining resample strategies leave-k-out cross
validation applied upon the whole sample curves, where K k
£ £ 1 and K is function of observed contract number in each
curve. Some particularities reduce substantially
the required computational effort, making the proposed
criterion feasible. The data sample range is daily, from
January 1997 to February 2001. The proposed criterion
selected natural cubic spline, used as data perfect-fitting
estimation method. Considering the trade rate
precision, the spline is non-biased. However, quantitative
analysis of performance determinant factors showed the
existence of out-of-sample error heteroskedasticities. From
a conditional variance specification of these errors,
a security interval scheme is proposed for
interest rate generated by perfect-fitting natural cubic
spline. A backtest showed that the proposed security
interval is consistent, accommodating the evolved
assumptions and approximations.
The second part estimate US free-for-floating interest rate
swap contract curve by using Support Vector Machine (SVM),
a method derived from Statistical Learning Theory.
The SVM research has got important theoretical results,
however the number of implementation on real regression
problems is low. SVM has some attractive characteristics
for interest rates curves modeling: it has the ability to
introduce already in its estimation process a priori
information about curve shape and about liquidity and price
formation aspects of the contracts that generate the curve.
The last information set is quantified by the bid-ask
spread. The basic SVM formulation is changed in order to be
able to incorporate the different values for bid-ask
spreads, without losing its properties. Great attention is
given to the question of how to extract a priori
information from swap curve typical shape to be used in
MVS parameter selection. The data sample range is daily,
from March 1997 to April 2001.
The out-of-sample performances of different SVM
specifications are faced with others
method performances. SVM got the better control of trade-
off between bias and variance of out-of-sample errors.
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