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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Measurements of B → μ⁺μ⁻ decays using the LHCb experiment

Evans, Hannah Mary January 2017 (has links)
This dissertation documents a study of very rare B-meson decays at the LHCb experiment, using data taken during the first experiment run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and during the second experiment run until September 2016. The LHCb experiment was designed to test the Standard Model of particle physics and to search for New Physics effects that go beyond the scope of the Standard Model through the decay of b hadrons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The measurements described in this dissertation are made using data samples of proton-proton collisions with integrated luminosities of 1.0, 2.0 and 1.4fb⁻¹, collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. All results are consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model.
2

[pt] BUSCA POR PARTÍCULAS TIPO ÁXION EM COLISÕES PBPB ULTRAPERIFÉRICAS NO EXPERIMENTO LHCB / [en] SEARCH FOR AXION-LIKE PARTICLES IN ULTRAPERIPHERAL PBPB COLLISIONS AT THE LHCB EXPERIMENT

RENATA FERREIRA LEITE CONSIDERA 17 October 2024 (has links)
[pt] O Modelo Padrão (MP) da física de partículas é atualmente a teoria mais aceita para descrever as interações fundamentais entre partículas elementares. No entanto, o modelo por si só não consegue explicar vários fenómenos, desde oscilações de neutrinos até matéria escura. Um enigma atual do MP é o chamado problema de CP forte. Embora se saiba que a simetria de Carga-Paridade (CP) é violada pelas interações fracas, ela é conservada pela interação forte com alta precisão. No entanto, a Lagrangeana do MP tem um termo que poderia permitir violação de CP induzida por interação forte, e apenas um extremo ajuste fino evitaria esse efeito. A solução poderia vir com a introdução de uma nova partícula, o áxion. Esta ideia foi posteriormente generalizada para uma classe mais ampla de partículas conhecidas como partículas tipo áxions (ALPs). Apesar de extensas pesquisas, nenhuma evidência de ALPs foi observada até hoje, sendo relatados apenas limites superiores em suas constantes de acoplamento. Esta dissertação descreve a busca por ALPs decaindo em um par de fótons em colisões ultraperiféricas de PbPb a uma energia de centro de massa de 5,02 TeV. Os dados correspondem a uma luminosidade integrada de 0,2 nb(-1) , coletados pelo experimento LHCb. A configuração frontal do detector LHCb é adequada para investigar ALPs de baixa massa, uma faixa desafiadora para outros detectores. Os candidatos a fótons são reconstruídos e identificados usando informações do calorímetro eletromagnético. Esta análise cobre uma faixa de massa de ALP de 3 a 10 GeV e acoplamentos de ALP-fótons de 10(-1) a 1 TeV(-1) . Embora a região de exclusão obtida seja pequena e se sobreponha a análises recentes, este estudo demonstra o potencial, no run 3 e além, do experimento LHCb para contribuir em pesquisas de ALP em colisões ultraperiféricas. / [en] The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is currently the most accepted theory for describing the fundamental interactions among elementary particles. However, the model alone fails to explain several phenomena, from neutrino oscillations to dark matter. One current puzzle of the SM is the so-called strong CP problem. Although Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry is known to be violated by the weak interactions, it is conserved by the strong interaction to a high precision. Nevertheless, the SM Lagrangian has a term that could allow strong-induced CP violation, and only an extreme fine-tuning would prevent this effect. The solution could come with the introduction of a new particle, the axion. This idea was later generalized into a broader class of particles known as axion-like particles (ALPs). Despite extensive searches, no evidence of ALPs has been observed so far, with only upper limits on their coupling constants being reported. This dissertation describes the search for ALPs decaying into a pair of photons in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 0.2 nb(-1) , collected by the LHCb experiment. The forward configuration of the LHCb detector is well-suited for investigating low-mass ALPs, a challenging range for other detectors. Photon candidates are reconstructed and identified using information from the electromagnetic calorimeter. Our analysis covers an ALP mass range from 3 to 10 GeV and ALP-photon couplings from 10(-1) to 1 TeV(-1) . Although our exclusion region is small and overlaps with recent analyses, this study demonstrates the potential, in run 3 and beyond, for LHCb to contribute to ALP searches in ultraperipheral collisions.
3

Etude des désintégrations sans charme Bº d,s → h+h′−πº decays dans LHCb / Study of charmless Bº d,s → h+h′−πº decays in LHCb

Roa Romero, Diego Alejandro 24 May 2013 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’identification des désintégrations sans charme de mésons beaux neutres en trois corps dont un π0 (B0 d,s → h+h′−π0) en analysant l’échantillon de données de 1.0 fb−1 collecté en 2011 par l’expérience LHCb au LHC. Ces modes sont sensibles aux paramètres de la matrice CKM et permettent de tester certaines prédictions du Modèle Standard liées à la violation de CP. Plusieurs d’entre eux, tels que B0 s → K−π+π0 et B0 s → K+K−π0, n’ont pas été observés précédemment. Il s’agit de la première analyse avec des π0 énergétiques dans LHCb. Pour évaluer les performances du détecteur relatives au π0, des désintégrations D∗+ → D0(→ K−π+π0)π+ ont été sélectionnées. Un échantillon de pions neutres relativement pur et de grande statistique a ainsi pu être extrait. Il est utilisé pour étudier leur étalonnage en énergie ainsi que l’efficacité de l’outil de séparation π0/γ de l’expérience. Les désintégrations radiatives constituent en effet le bruit de fond le plus dangereux pour l’étude des modes B0 d,s → h+h′−π0. Pour sélectionner les événements B0 d,s → h+h′−π0, un algorithme dédié a été mis en place au niveau du système de déclenchement. Il complète les sélections en ligne standards et permet d’augmenter significativement l’efficacité. Sur les événements enregistrés, les bruits de fond évidents, issus principalement de désintégrations de mésons charmés, sont rejetés en appliquant des critères simples. L’échantillon est alors purifié davantage en utilisant une analyse multivariée. Enfin, les informations des détecteurs Cherenkov permettent de séparer les états finals π+π−π0, K±π∓π0 et K+K−π0. Un ajustement simultané des spectres de masse reconstruite du méson beau dans les trois sous-échantillons est utilisé pour extraire les nombres d’événements de signal. Il tient compte des différents bruits de fond restants ainsi que des migrations du signal d’un sous-échantillon à l’autre. Les contributions des modes B0 → π+π−π0, B0 → K+π−π0 et B0 s → K+K−π0 sont clairement établies. Il s’agit de la première observation du mode de désintégration B0 s → K+K−π0. / This thesis work is about the identification of charmless three-body decays of neutral B mesons with a π0 in the final state (B0d,s → h+h′−π0) through the analysis of a 1.0 fb−1 data sample collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment at the LHC. Those modes are sensitive to CKM parameters and allow to test Standard Model predictions related to CP violation. Some of them, such as B0 s → K−π+π0 and B0 s → K+K−π0, have not been observed previously. This is the first analysis with energetic π0 in LHCb. To evaluate the detector performance for π0, D∗+ → D0(→ K−π+π0)π+ decays have been selected. This provides a clean and high statistics sample of neutral pions used to study their energy calibration as well as the effectiveness of the π0/γ separation tool of the experiment. Radiative decays are indeed the most dangerous backgrounds for the study of B0 d,s → h+h′−π0 modes. To select B0 d,s → h+h′−π0 events, a dedicated trigger algorithm has been implemented. It complements the standard online selections and significantly improves the efficiency. Offline, obvious backgrounds, mainly from charm decays, are rejected applying simple criteria. The sample is then further purified using a multivariate classifier. At last, information from the ring imaging Cherenkov detectors allows to separate π+π−π0, K±π∓π0 and K+K−π0 final states. A simultaneous fit of the reconstructed B mass spectra in the three subsamples is used to extract the signal yields. It accounts for the different backgrounds remaining as well as for the signal crossfeeds from one subsample to the other. The B0 → π+π−π0, B0 → K+π−π0 and B0 s → K+K−π0 contributions are clearly established. This is the first observation of the B0 s → K+K−π0 decay mode.
4

Étude des désintégrations B⁰(s)→D̅⁰K⁺K⁻ et des sous-modesB⁰(s)→D̅⁽*⁾⁰φavec le détecteur LHCb / Study of B⁰(s)→D̅⁰K⁺K⁻ decays and B⁰(s)→D̅⁽*⁾⁰φ channels with LHCb detector.

Déléage, Nicolas 14 October 2015 (has links)
L'expérience LHCb a été conçue pour étudier la physique des saveurs, dont entre autre la violation de CP, sur le collisioneur proton-proton LHC.La première phase de fonctionnement du LHC a durée de 2011 à 2012, ce qui a permis à LHCb de collecter $3.19~mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ de données à une énergie dans le centre de masse des collisions de $sqrt{s} = 7~TeV$ et $sqrt{s} = 8~TeV$.L'analyse présentée dans cette thèse est basée sur l'ensemble des données collectées par LHCb lors de la première phase de fonctionnement (2011-2012).Le mécanisme de Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) est le mécanisme décrivant la violation de CP dans le cadre du Modèle Standard.Les expériences de la décennie précédente, dédiées à la physique des saveurs, BaBar et Belle, ont permis de démontrer le fonctionnement du mécanisme CKM et de démontrer qu'il est majoritairement Standard.`A présent LHCb a pour objectif de mesurer avec précision les paramètres de ce mécanisme, ce qui constitue des points de références du Modèle Standard, pour en parallèle rechercher de manière indirecte de la Nouvelle Physique en recherchant des déviations à ces points de références du Modèle Standard.Les travaux réalisés lors de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre du premier axe de recherche: réaliser des mesures de précision des paramètres du mécanisme CKM pour contraindre le Modèle Standard.Dans cette thèse nous réalisons la mesure la plus précise à l'heure actuelle du rapport d'embranchement de la désintégration ${B^0tobar{D}^0K^+K^-}$, la première observation des modes ${B^0_stobar{D}^0K^+K^-}$ et ${B^0_stobar{D}^{*0}phi}$ avec mesure de la polarisation de ce dernier, la confirmation de la mesure du rapport d'embranchement de la désintégration ${B^0_stobar{D}^0phi}$, ainsi que des limites supérieures sur le rapport d'embranchement de la désintégration ${B^0tobar{D}^0phi}$ et sur l'angle de mélange des mésons ${omega - phi}$.L'observation de ces modes ${B^0_{(s)}tobar{D}^0K^+K^-}$ et sous modes ${B^0_{(s)}tobar{D}^{(*)0}phi }$ permet de préparer les futures analyses de Dalitz de ces modes qui contribueront, en les combinant avec les autres méthodes, à améliorer la précision sur la mesure de la phase complexe $gamma$ du mécanisme CKM. / The LHCb experiment has been designed to study flavor physics, notably CP violation, on the LHC proton-proton collider.The first LHC run goes from 2011 to 2012, during what LHCb saved $3.19~mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of data with a collision centre-of-mass energy at ${sqrt{s} = 7~TeV}$ and ${sqrt{s} = 8~TeV}$.The analysis presented in this thesis is based on a data sample corresponding to the full first run of the LHC (2011-2012).The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mechanism describes CP violation in the Standard Model.In the previous decade, two dedicated experiments to flavor physics, BaBar and Belle, proved that the CKM mechanism is at work and dominated by Standard effects.Now LHCb aim is to improve precision on measurements of CKM parameters, in order to serves as the Standard Model reference points, to make in parallel indirect search of New Physics looking for deviations from the Standard Model reference points.Accurate measurements of CKM parameters through different processes provide sensitivity to new physics effects, by testing the global consistency of the Standard Model.This thesis is included inside the first LHCb aim: to improve CKM parameters measurements to constrain the Standard Model.This thesis reports the most precise measurement to date of the branching fraction of ${B^0tobar{D}^0K^+K^-}$ decay, the first observation of the decays ${B^0_stobar{D}^0K^+K^-}$ and ${B^0_stobar{D}^{*0}phi}$ with a polarization measurement for the second one, confirmation of the branching fraction measurement of ${B^0_stobar{D}^0phi}$, and upper limits on branching fraction of ${B^0tobar{D}^0phi}$ decay and on ${omega - phi}$ mixing angle.The observation of ${B^0_{(s)}tobar{D}^0K^+K^-}$ and ${B^0_{(s)}tobar{D}^{(*)0}phi }$ decays prepare the Dalitz analysis for these channels which will be used, combined with other methodes, to improve measurement on the $gamma$ complex-phase of the CKM mechanism.

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