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No description available.

The e ects of non-Newtonian uids are investigated by means of two appropri- ate models studying a third and fourth grade uid respectively. The geometry of both these models is described by the unsteady unidirectional ow of an in-compressible uid over an in nite at rigid plate within a porous medium. The uid is electrically conducting in the presence of a uniform applied magnetic eld that occurs in the normal direction to the ow. The classical Lie symmetry approach is undertaken in order to construct group invariant solutions to the governing higher-order non-linear partial dif-ferential equations. A three-dimensional Lie algebra is acquired for both uid ow problems. In each case, the invariant solution corresponding to the non-travelling wave type is considered to be the most signi cant solution for the uid ow model under investigation since it directly incorporates the magnetic eld term. A numerical solution to the governing partial di erential equation is produced and a comparison is made with the results obtained from the analytical ap-proach. Finally, a graphical analysis is carried out with the purpose of observing the e ects of the emerging physical parameters. In particular, a study is carried out to examine the in uences of the magnetic eld parameter and the non-Newtonian fluid parameters.

In 1949, Wever observed that the degree d of an invariant Lie polynomial must be a multiple of the number q of generators of the free Lie algebra. He also found that there are no invariant Lie polynomials in the following cases: q = 2, d = 4; q = 3, d = 6; d = q ≥ 3. Wever gave a formula for the number of invariants for q = 2 in the natural representation of sl(2). In 1958, Burrow extended Wevers formula to q > 1 and d = mq where m > 1. In the present thesis, we concentrate on finding invariant Lie polynomials (simply called Lie invariants) in the natural representations of sl(2) and sl(3), and in the adjoint representation of sl(2). We first review the method to construct the Hall basis of the free Lie algebra and the way to transform arbitrary Lie words into linear combinations of Hall words. To find the Lie invariants, we need to find the nullspace of an integer matrix, and for this we use the Hermite normal form. After that, we review the generalized Witt dimension formula which can be used to compute the number of primitive Lie invariants of a given degree. Secondly, we recall the result of Bremner on Lie invariants of degree ≤ 10 in the natural representation of sl(2). We extend these results to compute the Lie invariants of degree 12 and 14. This is the first original contribution in the present thesis. Thirdly, we compute the Lie invariants in the adjoint representation of sl(2) up to degree 8. This is the second original contribution in the present thesis. Fourthly, we consider the natural representation of sl(3). This is a 3-dimensional natural representation of an 8-dimensional Lie algebra. Due to the huge number of Hall words in each degree and the limitation of computer hardware, we compute the Lie invariants only up to degree 12. Finally, we discuss possible directions for extending the results. Because there are infinitely many different simple finite dimensional Lie algebras and each of them has infinitely many distinct irreducible representations, it is an open-ended problem.

In 1949, Wever observed that the degree d of an invariant Lie polynomial must be a multiple of the number q of generators of the free Lie algebra. He also found that there are no invariant Lie polynomials in the following cases: q = 2, d = 4; q = 3, d = 6; d = q ≥ 3. Wever gave a formula for the number of invariants for q = 2 in the natural representation of sl(2). In 1958, Burrow extended Wevers formula to q > 1 and d = mq where m > 1. In the present thesis, we concentrate on finding invariant Lie polynomials (simply called Lie invariants) in the natural representations of sl(2) and sl(3), and in the adjoint representation of sl(2). We first review the method to construct the Hall basis of the free Lie algebra and the way to transform arbitrary Lie words into linear combinations of Hall words. To find the Lie invariants, we need to find the nullspace of an integer matrix, and for this we use the Hermite normal form. After that, we review the generalized Witt dimension formula which can be used to compute the number of primitive Lie invariants of a given degree. Secondly, we recall the result of Bremner on Lie invariants of degree ≤ 10 in the natural representation of sl(2). We extend these results to compute the Lie invariants of degree 12 and 14. This is the first original contribution in the present thesis. Thirdly, we compute the Lie invariants in the adjoint representation of sl(2) up to degree 8. This is the second original contribution in the present thesis. Fourthly, we consider the natural representation of sl(3). This is a 3-dimensional natural representation of an 8-dimensional Lie algebra. Due to the huge number of Hall words in each degree and the limitation of computer hardware, we compute the Lie invariants only up to degree 12. Finally, we discuss possible directions for extending the results. Because there are infinitely many different simple finite dimensional Lie algebras and each of them has infinitely many distinct irreducible representations, it is an open-ended problem.

Diss.--Paris, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. [159] - 162.

University, Diss., 2000--Freiburg (Breisgau).

Marburg, University, Diss., 2005.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854764.pdf: 562890 bytes, checksum: 164c6db1a3c04e45b5f0eea9ea15e58e (MD5) / Este trabalho é basicamente uma revisão de alguns aspectos de integrabilidade em duas dimensões discutidos no artigo Renormalization group flows and continual Lie algebras do professor Ioannis Bakas. A idéia é estudar o fluxo do grupo de renormalização das métricas bi-dimensionais nos modelos-'alfa' usando a função beta a 1-loop, e mostrar que elas fornecem análogos contínuos das equações de campo de Toda nas coordenadas conformemente planas do espaço target. Nesta formulção algébrica, a escala logaritmica de comprimento da folha mundo é interpretada como o parâmetro de Dynkin num sistema de raízes de uma álgebra de Lie contínua, denotada por G(d/dt;II), com um kernel de Cartan generalizado anti-simétrico K(t,t') = 'alfa'(t−t'). Usando o formalismo de curvatura zero construiremos a solução geral do fluxo do grupo de renormalização em termos das configurações de campo livre por meio de transformações de Bäcklund. A validade desta solução geral como uma expansão em serie de potência será testada com alguns exemplos especiais que incluim o modelo sausage, as métricas de curvatura constante negativa e a queda de singularidades côonicas / This work is basically a review of some aspect of the integrability in two dimensions discussed in the Prof. Ioannis Bakas's paper called Renormalization group flows and continual Lie algebras. The main idea is to study the renormalization group flow of two-dimensional metrics in sigma models using the one-loop beta function, and demonstrate that they provide a continual analogue of the Toda field equations in conformally flat coordinates in the target space. In this algebraic frame, the logarithm of the world-sheet length scale t is interpreted as Dynkin parameter on the root system of a continual Lie algebra, denoted by G(d/dt;II),witha an ti-symmetric generalized Cartan kernel K(t,t') ='sigmma'(t−t'). Using the zero curvature formalism, we construct a general solution of the renormalization group flow in terms of the free field configurations via B¨acklund transformations. The validity of these general solutions as a power series expansion is verified in some specials examples including the sausage model, the constant negative curvature metrics and the decay of conical singularities

Orientador: Abraham Hirsz Zimerman / Banca: Nathan Jacob Berkovits / Banca: Victor de Oliveira Rivelles / Resumo: Este trabalho é basicamente uma revisão de alguns aspectos de integrabilidade em duas dimensões discutidos no artigo "Renormalization group flows and continual Lie algebras" do professor Ioannis Bakas. A idéia é estudar o fluxo do grupo de renormalização das métricas bi-dimensionais nos modelos-'alfa' usando a função beta a 1-loop, e mostrar que elas fornecem análogos contínuos das equações de campo de Toda nas coordenadas conformemente planas do espaço target. Nesta formulção algébrica, a escala logaritmica de comprimento da folha mundo é interpretada como o parâmetro de Dynkin num sistema de raízes de uma álgebra de Lie contínua, denotada por G(d/dt;II), com um kernel de Cartan generalizado anti-simétrico K(t,t') = 'alfa'(t−t'). Usando o formalismo de curvatura zero construiremos a solução geral do fluxo do grupo de renormalização em termos das configurações de campo livre por meio de transformações de Bäcklund. A validade desta solução geral como uma expansão em serie de potência será testada com alguns exemplos especiais que incluim o modelo "sausage", as métricas de curvatura constante negativa e a queda de singularidades côonicas / Abstract: This work is basically a review of some aspect of the integrability in two dimensions discussed in the Prof. Ioannis Bakas's paper called "Renormalization group flows and continual Lie algebras". The main idea is to study the renormalization group flow of two-dimensional metrics in sigma models using the one-loop beta function, and demonstrate that they provide a continual analogue of the Toda field equations in conformally flat coordinates in the target space. In this algebraic frame, the logarithm of the world-sheet length scale t is interpreted as Dynkin parameter on the root system of a continual Lie algebra, denoted by G(d/dt;II),witha an ti-symmetric generalized Cartan kernel K(t,t') ='sigmma'(t−t'). Using the zero curvature formalism, we construct a general solution of the renormalization group flow in terms of the free field configurations via B¨acklund transformations. The validity of these general solutions as a power series expansion is verified in some specials examples including the sausage model, the constant negative curvature metrics and the decay of conical singularities / Mestre