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Biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin and lignin model compoundsMadikane, Mzekelo January 2002 (has links)
Lignin degradation under biosulphidogenic conditions has not been extensively reported in the literature. Although aerobic degradation of lignin is well documented, anaerobic biodegradation has focused mainly on methanogenic systems with biosulphidogenic systems receiving less attention. Sulphate reducing bacteria are known to generate moderately high levels of both sulphide and alkalinity at room temperatures, and these conditions draw some comparison with the Kraft pulping process. In the Kraft pulping process, lignin is degraded chemically at ±170°C under high sulphide and alkaline conditions and may provide a model for understanding biosulphidogenic lignin degrading activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin within the context of the chemical and biological conditions generated by a mixed sulphate reducing bacteria consortia. Bioreactor studies with a mixed sulphate reducing consortia and pine wood powder (both untreated and depectinated) resulted in the generation of comparable levels of sulphide and alkalinity used in the chemical hydrolysis studies. Aromatic compound yields were between 20 to 50% of the chemical hydrolysis studies. This fluctuation may have been due to the utilization of these aromatic compounds as electron donors by the sulphate reducing consortia as evidenced by the high rate of sulphate reduction in both the untreated and depectinated wood bioreactors. Biodegradation of lignin model compounds was investigated in order to elucidate lignin degradation mechanisms. Both mono-aromatic and dimeric lignin model compounds were used as electron donors and carbon sources for the mixed sulphate reducing consortia. Biodegradation and mass spectrometer analysis of mono-aromatic compounds, ferulic acid and ferulic acid ethyl ester resulted in the production of intermediates such as catechol, cyclohexane carboxylic acid and adipic acid. These intermediates were also observed in the degradation of dimeric ferulic acid. Biodegradation of salicin resulted in the production of salicyl alcohol, ortho-cresol and acetate. Biodegradation of benzylic ether resulted in the production of vanillin and acetate as end products. The results of these studies provide evidence for a biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin, and also the utilisation of lignin-derived aromatic compounds as electron donor sources, by a mixed sulphate reducing consortia.
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Biodieseltillverkning av lignin från pappers- och massaindustrin : Framställning, LCI och kostnadsanalys / Production of Biodiesel with lignin from the pulp- and paper industry : Preparation, LCI and Cost AnalysisBotström, Julia January 2015 (has links)
Att minska användningen av petroleumbaserade bränslen och hitta förnybara alternativ till drivmedel rankas som en av de största utmaningar människan står inför. Tidigare försök har gjorts av Sun et al. (2014) i Kina där de framgångsfullt blandat lignin i diesel för att skapa en ny sort av biodiesel. Försöken har återskapats för att framställa biodiesel på lignin från Sverige.För att få lignin att blanda sig med diesel behöver det först lösa sig i vatten och detta görs genom att används en process som kallas oxidativ ammonolys. Under denna process har parametrar som pH-värdet på blandningen, reaktionstiden under omrörning samt vattenhalten i det slutliga provet varierats. För att se hur mycket som löst sig filtrerades proverna. Nästa steg i processen är att få lignin-vattenblandningen och diesel att blanda sig och skapa en mikroemulsion. Detta görs genom kraftig omrörning samt med hjälp av sonikering. Stabiliteten på dessa prov utvärderades.Genom att göra en livscykelinventering och jämföra lignindiesel med petroleumbaserat diesel om lignindieselframställningen har en mindre miljöpåverkan. En kostnadskalkyl som jämför dessa två visar hur stor skillnaden i priset blir.Resultatet visar att det är möjligt att lösa lignin i diesel till nästan 100 % vid hög vattenhalt samt högt pH. I tillägg till detta har lignindiesel 13,5% mindre utsläpp av CO₂ ekvivalenter under framställning jämfört med den som sker under framställningen av petroleumbaserat diesel. I dagsläget är det ett dyrt drivmedel och subventionering behövs för att det ska kunna konkurrera på den svenska marknaden.
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The controlled release of herbicides from matrix formulations based on biodegradable polymersZhao, Jing January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Genetic and biochemical studies of oxalate oxidase from Ceriporiopsis subvermisporaEscutia, Marta RomaÌn January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Distribution of lignin in hardwoods.Musha, Yoshinori. January 1973 (has links)
No description available.
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Specifically 13C-labeled polymer models of lignin : synthesis and NMR studyNewman, Joseph, 1953- January 1986 (has links)
No description available.
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Lignin distribution and delignification of xylem tissue.Fergus, Brian Joseph. January 1968 (has links)
No description available.
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Synthesis and oxidation of lignin-carbohydrate model compounds /Nguyen, Mai Thanh Thi, January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) in Chemistry--University of Maine, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72).
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Studies on lignin biosynthesis and biodegradation /Razal, Ramon A., January 1990 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-174). Also available via the Internet.
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Hydrotropic solutions as solvents of lignin ...Pelipetz, Michail Gregory, January 1937 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1937. / Vita. Diagrams 2 and 3 on leaf mounted over diagrams 2 and 3 on p. 13. "LIterature cited": p. 36.
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