Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kaimoti_apmc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 831961 bytes, checksum: 87abed1a4341ec657401cd3379a08f97 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste trabalho, investigamos os modos como a reportagem Esqueleto na lagoa verde (1953) e o romance Reflexos do baile (1976), de Antonio Callado, instauram um impasse entre seu projeto realista de narrativa e a forma fragmentária da escrita. Buscando compor um retrato do Brasil no qual a história recente do país aparece em primeiro plano, a obra romanesca de Callado foi freqüentemente vinculada à carreira de jornalista que o escritor também desenvolveu. Nesse sentido, ao mesmo tempo em que se pode constatar a influência que o apego ao universo factual exerceu sobre sua ficção, se deve também destacar o confronto contínuo com a linguagem do jornal, no qual se manifesta a crença do autor na capacidade da literatura em iluminar os fatos de maneira privilegiada, para além da objetividade e da organicidade do discurso jornalístico. Essa confiança no poder revelador da ficção já aparece subrepticiamente no desejo do repórter de esclarecer o mistério que envolve a constituição do Brasil, narrando sua expedição ao Xingu, em Esqueleto na lagoa verde; ela também está na maneira como o escritor fragmenta Reflexos do Baile com o intuito de tornar sensível a violência que predominava no país, no decorrer da década de 70; e está ainda na tentativa do cronista Callado de buscar, em sua memória literária, o entendimento dos fatos jornalísticos e históricos da contemporaneidade, em Crônicas de fim do milênio (1997). Em Esqueleto na lagoa verde, a reportagem se multiplica em outras narrativas, incoerentes entre si, e a expedição que a fundamenta não consegue esclarecer nenhum de seus enigmas; em Reflexos do Baile, a fragmentação do romance se radicaliza, desviando-se do objetivo de representar a história da época; e, nas crônicas, a presença da literatura, no lugar de esclarecer os fatos, faz do próprio texto o fato que interessa... / In this work we have investigated the ways the report Esqueleto na lagoa verde (1953) and the novel Reflexos do baile (1976), by Antonio Callado, initiate an impasse between its narrative realist project and the fragmentary form of writing. By seeking to build a portrait of Brazil, in which the country’s recent history comes in the foreground, the novel by Callado has often been linked to the career as journalist also pursued by the writer. While the influence of the attachment to the factual universe may be verified in his fiction, the continuous confrontation with the newspaper language must also be highlighted, wherein the author’s belief manifests itself in the ability of literature to illuminate facts in a privileged way beyond the objectivity and organicity of the journalistic discourse. This belief in the revealing power of fiction already surreptitiously appears in the reporter’s desire to clarify the mystery involving the constitution of Brazil, by narrating his expedition to the Xingu River in Esqueleto na lagoa verde. It is also in the way the writer fragments Reflexos do Baile, with the purpose of turning the predominant violence in the country in the 70s sensitive, and yet in Callado’s attempt to search, in his literary memory, the understanding of contemporary journalistic and historical facts in Crônicas de fim do milênio (1997). In Esqueleto na lagoa verde, the report multiplies itself into other narratives, incoherent between themselves, and the expedition grounding it cannot clarify any of its enigmas; in Reflexos do baile, the fragmentation of the novel becomes radical and stirs away from the goal of representing the history of that period; and, in the chronicles, the presence of literature, instead of clarifying the facts, makes the text itself an interesting fact. Usually considered only stylistic byproducts of a realist project, ...(Complete abstract clik electronic access below)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo anotar, traduzir e comentar uma parte da obra da escritora norteamericana Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979), que viveu no Brasil durante cerca de vinte anos: seus textos de caráter jornalístico relacionados ao país. O mais extenso é o livro Brazil (1962), escrito sob encomenda dos editores da revista Life. O livro foi renegado pela autora, inconformada com as intervenções dos editores, e publicado sob coautoria. O cotejo entre os originais (preservados nos arquivos de Bishop, no Vassar College), o texto publicado em 1962 e as anotações da autora em seu exemplar (preservado na Harvard University) permite apontar as similaridades e, especialmente, os importantes contrastes entre a perspectiva de Bishop e a dos editores. Uma investigação sobre o momento em que o livro surgiu na vida da autora e na história do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos auxilia a compreensão não só do texto, mas também de sua escrita e dos episódios associados à sua edição. O trabalho se completa com a tradução e a anotação de outros cinco textos, dois dos quais ainda inéditos mesmo em inglês, vestígios de um projeto abandonado por Bishop: a elaboração de um novo livro sobre o país. / The aim of this work is to annotate, translate, and comment a part of the writings by Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979), the North-American writer, who lived in Brazil for approximately twenty years, focusing on her journalistic texts about that country. Her largest piece is a book called Brazil (1962) which was commissioned by the editors of Life magazine. However, the book was rejected by the author who refused to accept the interventions made by the editors. As a result, they co-authored it. Comparing the original (preserved in the Bishop archives at Vassar College) with the published text allows us to compare two different views of Brazil, to highlight similarities and especially the important contrasts between them. A research on the period the book was published focused on the author\'s life, as well as on the history of both Brazil and the U.S.A. helps to understand not only the text itself, but also how it was written and the episodes associated to its edition. The present work includes five additional texts, remains of a project that was abandoned by Bishop: the making of another book on Brazil. Two of these texts have remained unpublished to date, even in English.

This doctoral thesis studies the relationship between journalism and literature in contexts in which freedom of speech is at risk. It takes as primary sources a variety of nonfiction, crónicas, literary journalism and testimonial novels published by Latin American authors in Spanish, from the 1950s to the 2000s. I propose the concept ‘documentary narratives’ to refer to all literary modes of discourse which are related, in diverse degrees, to a journalistic representation of reality. My corpus covers a wide range of topics such as social protests, dictatorships, civil wars, natural disaster, crime and migration. While scholars have focused on the rhetoric and history of this kind of narratives, my reading considers the real, face-to-face encounter between the journalist and others. I argue that the representation of these encounters influences the pact with the reader and challenges the notion of truthfulness. I contend that documentary narratives can serve as a tool for the transmission of knowledge and the production of public debate in societies marked by political and social instability. In a world overwhelmed by data production and immersed in violent acts against those to be considered ‘Others’, I argue that storytelling is still an essential form of communication among individuals, classes and cultures. Contrary to the authors’s intentions of documenting others’ lives, I conclude that these stories offer an (interrupted) account of oneself, that is, the account of a contemporary storyteller pursuing a rarely fulfilled desire of getting to know the Other truly. The thesis has two appendices. Appendix 1 showcases archival material that support some of my arguments. Appendix 2 includes the transcripts of the interviews that I conducted with eight Latin American authors: Elena Poniatowska, Leila Guerriero, Cristian Alarcón, Arturo Fontaine, Santiago Roncagliolo, Francisco Goldman, Martín Caparrós, and Juan Villoro.