The nature of the Thai banking system in the pre-crisis era has been of great interest in the aftermath of Thailand’s 1997 financial crisis. Scores of studies have put great emphasis on the factors contributing to the crisis. There has been scant prior research on how Thai banks operate in practice since the crisis and the researcher was interested in better understanding this, particularly how the banks deal with information-related problems. The main objective of the research is to give an insight into the actions that Thai bankers carry out and how their activities are perceived by corporate borrowers, auditors, regulators and the bankers themselves. In dealing with informational problems, Thai banks employ screening techniques, collateral requirements, loan covenants, monitoring, and their relationships with borrowers in an attempt to mitigate the costs of both adverse selection and moral hazard problems. The study finds that there have been significant improvements in the banking system which has made Thai banks more compliant with internationally accepted lending practice. However, there is still room for further studies on how to create incentives to improve financial disclosure among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), how to establish sound corporate governance of banks, and how to minimise political interference in Thai state-owned banks.

Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Business Administration, 2013. / This study seeks to establish determinants of capital structure for the projects funded by international financial institutions using IFAD projects as case studies. Specifically, we seek to find out the determinants of capital structure for projects funded by IFAD; the correlation between the life span of the project and its total budget; the correlation between the total capital and the number of households directly benefiting from the project; and the correlation between the country’s capacity of mobilizing loans and grants with its level of political stability, level of accountability, government effectiveness and the control of corruption. Data from 81 projects funded by IFAD between 1999 and 2011 in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Middle-East and North Africa (MENA) region, Asia and South America was collected. The determinants were then examined from the distinctions of firm specific and country specific groupings and analyzed using a least-square dummy variable (LSDV) approach to reveal the regional-effects. The correlation analysis revealed that the association between total capital and the duration of the project is insignificant ( ) whereas between the total capital and the number of beneficiary households is highly and positively correlated with and . In addition, correlation between total capital and the level of Political Stability, the Voice and Accountability, and the level of Corruption is insignificant. Moreover, the results of LSDV showed that the number of benefiting household is a highly significant determinant of the NPOs capital structure ( ) together with Voice and Accountability ( ) as well as Corruption ( ). In contrast, project duration and the level of political stability were not important determinants of capital structure. The results of this analysis provide confirmatory evidence that the size of the project has a highly positive effect on the size of the capital, but significantly negative on the ability to borrow whereas only voice and accountability together with control of corruption have a significant relationship with the ability to mobilize capital for the project. Therefore, we conclude that the corporate capital structure theory, that is mostly applied in the business firms, is still applicable in iv project finance but with exceptions. Therefore, we implore that more studies should be done focusing on different types of NPOs to firmly understand the determinants of debt in NPOs.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management University of the Witwatersrand Business School In fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Finance and Investment Johannesburg, 2016 / This study uses a dynamic panel data method to examine the sensitivity of non-performing loans (NPLs) and bank capital buffer (BCB) to macroeconomic variables. This approach is motivated by the hypothesis that says macroeconomic variables have an effect on the bank’s balance sheet, and this effect varies across developed and emerging economies. The results show that NPLs are sensitive to GDP growth, interest rate, public debt, sovereign debt and unemployment in developed economies. However, NPLs are sensitive to GDP growth, exchange rate, interest rate, sovereign debt, unemployment and volume of imports in emerging economies. Public debt is not statistically significant in explaining the sensitivity of NPLs in emerging economies. Similarly, exchange rate and volume of imports have no significant influence on NPLs in developed economies. In relation to the BCB we find GDP growth, exchange rate, interest rate, sovereign debt, unemployment and volume of imports as significant macroeconomic variables driving the sensitivity of capital buffer in emerging economies. Conversely, interest rate, sovereign debt and unemployment are macroeconomic variables responsible for the sensitivity of the buffer in developed economies. GDP growth, exchange rate and volume of imports have no significant influence. Considering the liquidity risk imposed to the banks’ balance sheet by this set of macroeconomic variables. It seems plausible that their dynamics should be given attention when conceiving any policy mix to cope with credit expansion. Without such exercise, the goal of financial stability in the global banking system will be difficult to achieve. / MT2016

by Lam Kin-hing, Kenneth, Fung Tin-keung, Clarence. / Bibliography: leaves 112-114 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1983

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the very significant problem of State bank nonperforming loan (NPL) in China. NPLs undermine the stability of China's banking system and the efficient operation of its markets. This thesis will make recommendations for developing better workout procedures to deal with existing NPLs and explore the role of banking regulation and supervision in NPL prevention, as well as in avoiding impacts of NPLs on the stability of banking system, drawing on experiences at national, regional and international levels. The accumulation of NPLs in China has been caused by the dominant role of State banks in China's financial markets, policy loans to state owned enterprises (SOEs), unnecessary administrative controls on banks' lending activities, weak internal controls within State banks and inappropriate banking regulation and supervision. All these have seriously ruined the conditions of market discipline in China and resulted not only in large amount of NPL stock, but also the constant creation of new NPLs on State banks' balance sheets. The NPL problem in China is not limited to individual banks. It is a systemic problem closely connected to the SOE problem. The existing bank NPLs cannot be worked out without debt and enterprise restructuring. The balance sheets of banks and firms must be cleaned up by, first, recapitalizing banks to write off and make provision for existing NPLs, and, second, setting up independent asset management companies to purchase and manage bank NPLs. To prevent the increasing accumulation of new NPLs, unnecessary administrative controls on banks must be removed; prudential banking regulation and supervision much be enhanced; appropriate internal control systems must be promoted within banks, especially with regard to the proper risk evaluation systems and internal decision-taking structures. To avoid the damaging impacts of NPL problem on the stability of the banking system, ' an explicit limited deposit insurance system should be introduced; the central bank's lender of last resort facilities must be properly defined; bank insolvency resolution mechanisms must be put in place. In a word, the proper functioning of market discipline must be restored in China.

No description available.

Higher education in the United States is known for its diversity; but even more diverse than the system are the methods used to finance it. These methods are, in many ways, a reflection of a pluralistic society trying to work out a democratic way of life within a federal system of government.The types of individuals and groups contributing to institutions of higher education have not changed significantly in the last three hundred years, but their relative contributions have shifted dramatically as the role of higher education in American society has changed. This support has taken two general forms: direct appropriations to institutions and financial aid to students.The end of World War II is a watershed in the history of higher education in the United States because the aggregate cost of education started to rise at an unprecedented rate at that time and it has continued to increase. The three variables which have mainly influenced the costs of higher education since the War are: a growth in the size of enrollments, an enlargement in the functions performed by the institutions, and a lack of growth in man-hour productivity within higher education. The rate of population growth will not be a major factor in college costs after the late 1970's, and there is considerable evidence to indicate that the percentage of population entering college has reached a maximum. However, the demands for services are not abating; and there seems to be no technological breakthrough on the horizon that will enable educators to equal the average three per cent per year increase in productivity experienced by the rest of the economy. This will make education relatively more expensive than other family purchases, and this difference in prices will become progressively larger.Most of the student financial aid programs now in existence were enacted after World War II. These programs were established to meet a rather bewildering variety of national, state, and private needs; but the enhancement of education was seldom the primary purpose for which a given program was developed. In particular, the over-all confusion in the federal programs can be attributed to the fact that each was conceived under the stress of a particular crisis, was therefore narrow in scope, and was independent of other existing programs. There was, and is, no general policy regarding the role of the federal government in higher education.If the direct costs paid by the student are added to the foregone earnings, the average student pays approximately seventy-five per cent of his total educational cost with the public accounting for the remaining twenty-five per cent. Approximately seventy-five per cent of the lifetime income of a college graduate above that which he would have received as a high school graduate can be attributed directly to the college experience. Twenty-five per cent of our recent growth in the gross national product has been the tangible effect of the increased educational level of the labor force. Thus, the balance of private and public benefits and cost would seem to have been reached--at least in terms of the crude accounting terms we have at our disposal.From the standpoint of "equity" and "efficiency" in the investment of resources in higher education, both institutional appropriations and student financial aids have certain merits. The author maintains, however, that society is best served by a diversified system of higher education and financing of higher education similar to the one we now have where the costs and benefits to the individual and society are of the same order of magnitude. To insure this diversity, the financial supporters of higher education should be kept so numerous as to prevent any one contributor from assuming economic control.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2007--Regensburg.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99).

Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Illinois University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-55).