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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Growth of hybrid piezoelectric/magnetostrictive systems for magnetic devices based on surface acoustic wave resonators / Croissance de systèmes hybrides piézoélectriques / magnétostrictifs pour des capteurs magnétiques à ondes acoustiques de surface en géométrie de résonateurs

Polewczyk, Vincent 06 July 2018 (has links)
Le développement de matériaux avec différents ordres ferroïques couplés (multiferroïques) motive d’intenses activités de recherche. Une combinaison particulièrement intéressante est celle des paramètres d'ordre magnétique et électrique qui, dans le cas favorable où ceux-ci sont couplés, ouvre la voie au contrôle électrique de l’aimantation. Celui-ci peut être envisagé via la manipulation de la polarisation d’un ferroélectrique ou des déformations d’un piézoélectrique Les propriétés du matériau ferroélectrique/piézoélectrique peuvent être inversement modifiées par l’état d’aimantation, ce qui laisse envisager des applications dans le domaine des capteurs de champs magnétiques. Ce travail s’inscrit dans l’étude de systèmes piézoélectrique/ magnétostrictif, avec un intérêt spécifique porté à l’influence de l’aimantation sur les ondes acoustiques de surface (SAW) générées dans le dispositif. Nous avons ainsi déposé des couches polycristallines de Ni, des multicouches [Co/IrMn], ainsi que des couches épitaxiées de TbFe2 sur des substrats de Niobate de Lithium (LNO) de différentes orientations. Sur LNO Z-cut, la croissance de TbFe2 est réalisée en utilisant différentes couches tampons simples ou doubles qui permettent d’obtenir des directions de croissance [111] ou [110] avec des anisotropies magnétiques respectivement perpendiculaire et planaire. Sur des substrats de coupe 128Y et 41Y, la croissance s’avère beaucoup plus complexe mais il est néanmoins possible d’obtenir un film cristallisé de TbFe2 multidomaines avec des relations d’orientation 3D similaires à celles obtenus sur LNO Z-cut, que ce soit entre la couche magnétique et la couche tampon, ou entre la couche tampon et le substrat. Des dispositifs magnétiques à ondes acoustiques de surface (MSAW) ont été ensuite fabriqués dans une géométrie de résonateur permettant une interrogation à distance aisée. La fréquence de résonance des dispositifs MSAW est sensible à l’application d’un champ magnétique externe, via des effets statiques liés à l’orientation de l’aimantation sous champ et via des effets dynamiques d’origine magnétoélastique liés à l’excitation acoustique. Nous avons examiné les réponses magnéto-acoustiques des différents dispositifs, en corrélation étroite avec les propriétés magnétiques statiques, en particulier l’anisotropie, la coercivité et l’hystérèse. Un modèle piézomagnétique équivalent a été utilisé pour simuler certaines de ces réponses. De manière générale, nous montrons qu’un choix judicieux du matériau magnétique et le contrôle de ses propriétés permettent d’élaborer des capteurs spécifiques : un matériau magnétique doux permet de contrôler l’anisotropie de la réponse acoustique via la forme des IDT; un matériau magnétique dur ouvre la voie au développement de capteurs de forts champs magnétiques; un système à anisotropie d’échange dont on peut contrôler la réversibilité de la réponse magnétique permet d’envisager un capteur de champ magnétique hors plan / The development of materials with different coupled ferroic orders (multiferroics) drives an intense research activity. A particularly interesting combination is the case where magnetic and electrical orders are simultaneously present, which, in the favorable case where these are coupled, opens the way to the electrical control of magnetization. This can be achieved in manipulating the polarization in a ferroelectric or the strains in a piezoelectric compound. Ferroelectric or piezoelectric properties can inversely be influenced by the magnetic state, an interesting feature for the development of magnetic field sensors. This work aims in the investigation of piezoelectric/magnetostrictive systems, more especially in the role of the magnetization and of the magnetization versus field behavior on the surface acoustic waves (SAW). Polycristalline Ni films, [Co/IrMn] multilayers and epitaxial TbFe2 films have been deposited on Lithium Niobate (LNO) substrates of different orientations. On LNO Z-cut, various single or double buffer layers have been used to achieve the TbFe2 epitaxial growth, along either [111] or [110] directions and with either perpendicular or in-plane magnetic anisotropy. On LNO 128Y and 41Y substrates, the growth is more complex but it is nevertheless possible to obtain crystalline multidomains TbFe2 films with 3D orientation relationships similar to those obtained on LNO Z-cut, both between the magnetic and the buffer layers, and between the buffer layer and the substrate. Magnetic surface acoustic wave (MSAW) devices have been patterned in a resonator geometry that enables an easy wireless interrogation. The MSAW device resonance frequency is sensitive to an external magnetic field, both via static effects related to the field-induced magnetization changes, and via magnetoelastic dynamic effects related to the acoustic excitation. We have investigated the MSAW magneto acoustic responses of the various devices in close connection with the static magnetic properties, especially the anisotropy, the coercivity and the hysteresis. An equivalent piezomagnetic model could support some of these observations. We show more generally that the proper choice of magnetic material and the control of the magnetic properties helps to build up specific sensors: soft magnetic materials enable to tailor the anisotropy of the MSAW response by engineering the IDT’s shape; hard magnetic materials enable to achieve high field unipolar or bipolar field response; exchange-biased systems in which the reversibility of the magnetic response is achieved let envision the development of sensors for out-of-plane magnetic fields
22

Imagens de fontes magnéticas usando um sistema multicanal de sensores magneto-resistivos / Magnetic Source images using a Magnetoresistive Sensors Multichannel System

Juan Alberto Leyva Cruz 03 November 2005 (has links)
Apresenta-se o desenho, construção e caracterização de uma plataforma experimental para a obtenção de imagens magnéticas bidimensionais (2D) geradas pela distribuição não uniforme em gel de vaselina de micro-partículas magnéticas (magnetita- Fe3O4), acomodadas em fantomas magnéticos de geometrias irregulares. A instrumentação é basicamente formada por um arranjo multicanal de 12-sensores magnetorresistivos de última geração (modelo HMC 1001/1002 da Honeywell), os quais convertem os sinais magnéticos, a serem medidas, em voltagens diferenciais, que posteriormente passam-se pela etapa de condicionamento analógico multisinais, e adquiridos por uma placa de aquisição PCI de 16 canais simples, e geradas pelas fontes magnéticas (fantomas) as quais eram posicionadas acima de uma tabua porta-fantoma a qual era acionada por um sistema de posicionamento x-y, utilizando-se dois motores de passo controlados via porta paralela. A obtenção e processamento das imagens de forma automática foi levado acabo por médio da ferramenta computacional SmaGimFM v1.0 (grupo de scripts escritos pelo autor, em LABVIEW v8.1 e Matlab v7.3). A montagem experimental foi desenhada para realizar o scan numa área de ate (20x18) cm2. O sistema consegue medir campos na ordem de poucos nano-teslas (10-9 T). Foi demostrado experimentalmente que: a detectibilidade do sistema está na ordem de 100 pT/?Hz; a resolução, o menor valor da indução magnética detectada e a resolução espacial dos sensores foi aproximadamente de (3±1) nT e (3.0± 0.1) mm, respectivamente, este último obtido para uma distancia sensor-fonte média de (6.0± 0.1) mm. O nível de ruído ambiental médio foi corroborado experimentalmente no valor de 10 nT. O fator de Calibração para todos os sensores alimentados com 8V, foi aproximadamente de 10-6 T/V, confirmando o valor da sensibilidade nominal oferecida pelo vendedor no data-sheet dos sensores. Os multisinais sempre foram pré-processadas para a remoção dos offset, e posteriormente era realizadas uma interpolação bi-cúbica, para gerar imagens magnéticas com uma alta resolução espacial da ordem de (256x256) pixels. A funções de transferência da modulação e espalhamento pontual do sistema foram estudados e os sensores foram espaçados e fixados de acordo com os resultados destes estudos. Nesta tese todas as imagens cruas foram geradas pelo mapeamento da resposta do sistema multicanal de magnetômetros a pequenas distancias e geradas pela presença de micropartículas de magnetita (Fe3O4) não tratada termicamente e dispersada em oitos fantomas planares com geometrias complexas e chamados como: PhMão; PhNum; PhLines; PhCinco; PhTrês; PhCircle; PhQuadSmall e PhQuadBig. As imagens magnéticas de cada um destes fantomas é apresentada. A cada experimento, estes fantomas eram magnetizados pela ação de um pulso magnético uniforme no volume dos fantomas, com um valor aproximadamente de 81.6 mT, e produzido por um sistema de bobinas par de Helmholtz. Para fazer o registro experimental das imagens magnéticas, os fantomas foram posicionados a uma altura fixa em relação aos sensores, e movidos numa direção de scan, assim nos detectores observávamos as voltagens gerados pela variação no campo remanente devido às diferentes concentrações de micro-partículas magnéticas magnetizadas foram medidos e controlados por um computador pessoal. Usando as imagens cruas (imagens ruidosas e borradas) e outras informações a priori, foram obtidas as imagens reconstruídas das fontes do campo magnético, tais como, a distribuição de partículas ferrimagnéticas no interior dos fantomas, a qual é relacionada com a susceptibilidade magnética das amostras. Encontrar as imagens das fontes magnéticas, é resolver o problema magnético associado, e nosso trabalho estas restaurações foram realizadas usando-se os seguintes algoritmos numéricos de deconvolução, filtragem espacial de Wiener e Fourier, o filtragem Pseudo-inversa, o método do gradiente conjugado e os procedimentos de regularização de Tikhonov e Decomposição de Valores singulares truncados, dentre outros. Estes procedimentos foram implementados e testados. As imagens reconstruídas das fontes magnéticas de quatro fantomas são apresentadas. Estas técnicas foram programadas computacionalmente por médio de um conjunto de scripts chamados de SmaGimFM v1.0, estes foram escritos nos linguagens computacionais MATLAB® desde a MathWorks Inc.; e LABVIEW desde a National Instruments Inc. Estes resultados preliminares mostram que o sistema de imagens apresenta potencial para ser aplicada em estudos na área da Física Médica, onde imagens com moderada para alta resolução espacial e baixa amplitude da indução magnética são exigidas. Contudo, podemos afirmar que à distância sensor-fonte é crítica e afeta a resolução das imagens. O sistema é capaz de registrar imagens na ordem de 10-9 T, e sua elevada resolução espacial indica que pode ser testada como uma nova técnica biomagnética para gerar imagens em 2D de partículas magnéticas dentro de objetos, na região do campo próximo, para futuras aplicações médicas / We have designed and build a magnetic imaging system for obtaining experimental noisy and blurred magnetic images from distribution of ferromagnetic tracers (magnetite Fe3O4). The main part of the magnetic imaging system was formed by a linear array composed of 12-magnetoresistive sensors from Honeywell Inc. (HMC 1001). These sensors are microcircuits with a configuration of wheatstone-bridge and convert magnetic fields into differential voltage, which after pass for the multichannel signal stage can be to measure magnetic signals about of 10-9 T. The system is capable of scanning planar samples with dimensions up to (16x18) cm square. A full experimental characterization of the magnetic imaging system was carried out. The calibration factor for all sensor supplied by 8 V, was approximately 10-6 T/V, confirming the data sheet nominal properties from the vendor. The spatial resolution and the resolution of the magnetic imaging system were experimentally confirmed to be 3 mm and 3 nT, respectively. The spectral density noise was about , for the experimental conditions used in these studies. The signals were pre-processed for offset remove and the interpolation for spatial resolution improves and generates images of (256x256) pixels. The point spread and modulation transference functions of multi-sensor system were studied and the sensors were spaced accordingly. In this thesis, all raw images were generated by mapping the response of the magnetoresistive magnetometers multichannel array at short distances due to the presence of uncooked magnetite powder dispersed in eight planar phantoms with complex geometries and called as: PhMão; PhNum; PhLines; PhCinco; PhTrês; PhCircle; PhQuadSmall and PhQuadBig. These phantoms were magnetized by a uniform pulse field of approximately of 81.6 mT produced by a Helmholtz coil system. The samples were moved under the magnetoresistive sensors and the voltages generated by the variation in remanent magnetic field due to different magnetized ferromagnetic particles concentrations were recorded and controlled by a personal computer. Using the experimental noisy and blurred magnetic field images (raw images), and some another, a priori information\'s, the reconstruction of the magnetic field source images, such as, the distribution of ferromagnetic particles inner of the phantoms which are related with magnetic susceptibility, was obtained by various inverse problem solution algorithms\', such as, the spatial Wiener and Fourier filtering, the Pseudo-inverse filtering; the conjugated gradient and Tikhonov and Decomposition of Truncated Singular Values approaches and others. These procedures were implemented by mean of the scripts set called SmaGimFM v1.0, that we developed using the MATLAB® language from MathWorks Inc. A preliminary result shows that this magnetic imaging system join to some deconvolution technique can be considered efficient to be used in functional images of the gastrointestinal tract, where a moderate resolution is required. We can affirm that at a distance sensor-source choose is a critical parameter and affects the resolution of the images; and we can conclude that this magnetic images method can be successfully used to generate planar blurred magnetic images and magnetic field sources images in the near field region at macroscopic level generated by ferromagnetic materials.
23

Kvantifikace nejistot měření magnetických veličin / Measurement of magnetic quantities - estimation of the uncertainty

Šlichta, Pavol January 2016 (has links)
This Master’s thesis contains an overview of determining measurement uncertainties of direct and indirect measurements. It describes a way of creating a magnetic field with the help of Helmholtz coil and a more detailed description of some principles of magnetic field sensors. This thesis also contains a description of the experiments and the factors influencing them. The last part deals with the quantification of uncertainties from measured experiments and with the discussion of the results from these measurements.

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