The Warsaw Loss and Damage Mechanism holds high appeal for complementing actions on climate change adaptation and mitigation, and for delivering needed support for tackling intolerable climate related-risks that will neither be addressed by mitigation nor by adaptation. Yet, negotiations under the UNFCCC are caught between demands for climate justice, understood as compensation, for increases in extreme and slow-onset event risk, and the reluctance of other parties to consider Loss and Damage outside of an adaptation framework. Working towards a jointly acceptable positionwe suggest an actionableway forward for the deliberations may be based on aligning comprehensive climate risk analytics with distributive and compensatory justice considerations. Our proposed framework involves in a shortmedium term, needs-based perspective support for climate risk management beyond countries ability to absorb risk. In a medium-longer term, liability-based perspective we particularly suggest to consider liabilities attributable to anthropogenic climate change and associated impacts. We develop the framework based on principles of need and liability, and identify the policy space for Loss and Damage as composed of curative and transformativemeasures. Transformativemeasures, such as managed retreat, have already received attention in discussions on comprehensive climate risk management. Curative action is less clearly defined, and more contested. Among others, support for a climate displacement facility could qualify here. For both sets of measures, risk financing (such as "climate insurance") emerges as an entry point for further policy action, as it holds potential for both risk management as well as compensation functions. To quantify the Loss and Damage space for specific countries, we suggest as one option to build on a risk layering approach that segments risk and risk interventions according to risk tolerance. An application to fiscal risks in Bangladesh and at the global scale provides an estimate of countries' financial support needs for dealing with intolerable layers of flood risk.With many aspects of Loss and Damage being of immaterial nature, we finally suggest that our broad risk and justice approach in principle can also see application to issues such as migration and preservation of cultural heritage.

This diploma thesis deals with alcohol policy in relation to risk group of youth. The aim of the thesis is to identify the development and setting of this policy in the Czech Republic. Another objective is to identify strengths and deficits of alcohol policy and to suggest possible improvements based on good example of foreign practice and interviews with experts. The theoretical background is the concept of risk behaviour, the life course perspective and the concept of public health. The methods of desk research and expert survey are used to fulfil the objectives of the thesis. This was realized in the form of semi-structured interviews, which were subsequently analyzed by thematic content analysis. The thesis reveals the failures of alcohol policy at various levels. In the thesis are identified functioning and failing institutions and (based on a good example of foreign practices and experts) a new necessary institution is proposed. There are also shown the causes of alcoholism which has proven to be essential in policy-making proces for youth. In the last part of thesis, experts evaluate nine policy measures, the most suitable of them are the regulation of advertisement, availability and price of alcohol. At the same time, practice of some measures is also shown on specific examples of...

This thesis consists of five papers. In the first two papers we consider a general approach to cash flow valuation, focusing on dynamic properties of the value of a stream of cash flows. The third paper discusses immunization theory, where old results are shown to hold in general deterministic models, but often fail to be true in stochastic models. In the fourth paper we comment on the connection between arbitrage opportunities and an immunized position. Finally, in the last paper we study coherent and convex measure of risk applied to portfolio optimization and insurance.

<p>This thesis consists of five papers. In the first two papers we consider a general approach to cash flow valuation, focusing on dynamic properties of the value of a stream of cash flows. The third paper discusses immunization theory, where old results are shown to hold in general deterministic models, but often fail to be true in stochastic models. In the fourth paper we comment on the connection between arbitrage opportunities and an immunized position. Finally, in the last paper we study coherent and convex measure of risk applied to portfolio optimization and insurance.</p>

One of the financial risks an agent has to deal with is market risk. Market risk is caused by the uncertainty attached to asset values. There exit various measures trying to model market risk. The most widely accepted one is Value-at- Risk. However Value-at-Risk does not encourage portfolio diversification in general, whereas a consistent risk measure has to do so. In this work, risk measures satisfying these consistency conditions are examined within theoretical basis. Different types of coherent and convex risk measures are investigated. Moreover the extension of coherent risk measures to multiperiod settings is discussed.

The diploma thesis titled Risks of logistics management in a company deals with the analysis of flow quality in the logistics chain of selected internet shop Notino.cz. The work is divided into three parts. The theoretical part describes the theoretical bases on the basis of specialized literature. The analytical part analyzes the current state of quality, processes in the enterprise, and an analysis of the causes and consequences. The design part draws conclusions from the analyzes, proposes and looks for measures to reduce or eliminate the identified risks.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of risk management in restaurant Grandezza. It deals with the application of methods and analysis for risk assessment. Values analyzed will result in measures designed to reduce the identified risks in Grandezza restaurant. The work is focused on three parts. The first part is focused on the current state and the chosen methodology, which is followed by the part. Of the solved issue. The last part contents measures that lead to the reduction of the risks in the restaurant Grandezza.

This diploma thesis deals with risk management of a selected company. The described company is called PLASTIC BOX CZ, Ltd. and it is engaged in the manufacture of plastic products. The theoretical part contains the definition of components, which are mainly identification, analysis and methods to reduce individual risks. Appropriate analytical methods related to the risk management process are subsequently defined. In the analytical part, risks of the business entity are identified using selected methods. Risk analysis is performed by the FMEA analysis and elaborated in the specific process of running the company. The last part of this thesis includes the design of a risk management system of operating the company PLASTIC BOX CZ, Ltd., which is meant to ensure minimization and prevention of possible risks.

Os serviços de saúde destinados ao atendimento às urgências e emergências encontram-se, em sua grande maioria, superlotados ocasionando longas filas de espera, o que pode resultar em prejuízo para o atendimento às pessoas com agravos que demandam urgência no atendimento. Diante deste cenário, faz-se necessário uma organização do sistema, a fim de evitar danos aos pacientes que aguardam por atendimento médico. Neste contexto, o Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco traz ao atendimento de urgência e emergência um norteador para classificar os pacientes e realizar atendimento segundo o potencial de risco, atendendo os casos prioritários e não mais por ordem de chegada. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de um protocolo de Classificação de Risco adaptado do Ministério da Saúde em predizer o desfecho clínico dos pacientes. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de urgência e emergência de um hospital privado do interior paulista, compreendendo os meses de julho de 2014 a junho de 2015, com uma amostra de 1674 prontuários de pacientes que buscaram atendimento clínico. Dos prontuários avaliados, 65% eram de pacientes do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 42,0 anos, a queixa mais frequente estava relacionada ao trato digestório (14,8%). A maioria dos pacientes atendidos foi classificada como pouco urgente (verde) 91,2%, seguido de 8,8% de urgentes (amarelos) e 0,1% classificados como emergentes (vermelho). O tempo de atendimento pela classificação de risco e atendimento médico se mostrou-se mais breve nas classificações com maior prioridade. Na análise dos desfechos, 98,7% receberam alta após atendimento médico, tendo como prevalente a classificação não urgente. Dos pacientes encaminhados à internação 59,1% foram classificados como emergentes/urgentes. Ao relacionarmos a classificação de risco com o escore de alerta precoce (MEWS), observamos uma pontuação superior nos pacientes classificados como emergentes/urgentes, sendo que os pacientes internados obtiveram pontuação maior dos que foram liberados de alta. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a classificação de risco foi efetiva em definir a prioridade de atendimento dos pacientes em uma unidade de urgência e emergência / The health services intended to provide urgent and emergency care are mostly overcrowded, which causes long waiting queues and may entail damage to the care of injured people requiring urgent care. Faced with this scenario, there is a need to organize the system, with the purpose of avoiding losses to the patients waiting for medical care. In such a context, the Welcoming with Risk Classification provides the urgent and emergency care with a guiding principle to classify patients and accomplish care actions in line with the potential risk, thereby caring for priority cases, and no longer on a first-come first-served basis. Accordingly, this study was aimed to assess the ability of a Risk Classification protocol adapted from the Ministry of Health to envisage the clinical outcome of the patients. The study was held in an urgent and emergency unit in a private hospital in the countryside of São Paulo, between the months of July 2014 and June 2015, with a sample of 1674 medical charts of the patients that sought clinical care. Of the assessed medical charts, 65% belonged to female patients, with an average age of 42.0 years, where the most frequent complaint was related to the digestive tract (14.8%). Most of patients served were classified as less urgent (green), 91.2%, followed by 8.8% classified as urgent (yellow) and 0.1% classified as emergency (red). The service time by the risk classification and medical care has proved to be shorter in the classifications with greater priority. Upon analyzing the outcomes, 98.7% were discharged after medical care, where the non-urgent classification was prevalent. Of the patients referred for hospitalization, 59.1% were classified as emergency/urgent. When relating the risk classification with the early warning score (MEWS), we noted a higher score in the patients classified as emergency/urgent, and the hospitalized patients have reached scores higher than those who were discharged. The results found have shown that the risk classification was effective in defining the priority of care of patients in an urgent and emergency unit

Os serviços de saúde destinados ao atendimento às urgências e emergências encontram-se, em sua grande maioria, superlotados ocasionando longas filas de espera, o que pode resultar em prejuízo para o atendimento às pessoas com agravos que demandam urgência no atendimento. Diante deste cenário, faz-se necessário uma organização do sistema, a fim de evitar danos aos pacientes que aguardam por atendimento médico. Neste contexto, o Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco traz ao atendimento de urgência e emergência um norteador para classificar os pacientes e realizar atendimento segundo o potencial de risco, atendendo os casos prioritários e não mais por ordem de chegada. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de um protocolo de Classificação de Risco adaptado do Ministério da Saúde em predizer o desfecho clínico dos pacientes. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de urgência e emergência de um hospital privado do interior paulista, compreendendo os meses de julho de 2014 a junho de 2015, com uma amostra de 1674 prontuários de pacientes que buscaram atendimento clínico. Dos prontuários avaliados, 65% eram de pacientes do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 42,0 anos, a queixa mais frequente estava relacionada ao trato digestório (14,8%). A maioria dos pacientes atendidos foi classificada como pouco urgente (verde) 91,2%, seguido de 8,8% de urgentes (amarelos) e 0,1% classificados como emergentes (vermelho). O tempo de atendimento pela classificação de risco e atendimento médico se mostrou-se mais breve nas classificações com maior prioridade. Na análise dos desfechos, 98,7% receberam alta após atendimento médico, tendo como prevalente a classificação não urgente. Dos pacientes encaminhados à internação 59,1% foram classificados como emergentes/urgentes. Ao relacionarmos a classificação de risco com o escore de alerta precoce (MEWS), observamos uma pontuação superior nos pacientes classificados como emergentes/urgentes, sendo que os pacientes internados obtiveram pontuação maior dos que foram liberados de alta. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a classificação de risco foi efetiva em definir a prioridade de atendimento dos pacientes em uma unidade de urgência e emergência / The health services intended to provide urgent and emergency care are mostly overcrowded, which causes long waiting queues and may entail damage to the care of injured people requiring urgent care. Faced with this scenario, there is a need to organize the system, with the purpose of avoiding losses to the patients waiting for medical care. In such a context, the Welcoming with Risk Classification provides the urgent and emergency care with a guiding principle to classify patients and accomplish care actions in line with the potential risk, thereby caring for priority cases, and no longer on a first-come first-served basis. Accordingly, this study was aimed to assess the ability of a Risk Classification protocol adapted from the Ministry of Health to envisage the clinical outcome of the patients. The study was held in an urgent and emergency unit in a private hospital in the countryside of São Paulo, between the months of July 2014 and June 2015, with a sample of 1674 medical charts of the patients that sought clinical care. Of the assessed medical charts, 65% belonged to female patients, with an average age of 42.0 years, where the most frequent complaint was related to the digestive tract (14.8%). Most of patients served were classified as less urgent (green), 91.2%, followed by 8.8% classified as urgent (yellow) and 0.1% classified as emergency (red). The service time by the risk classification and medical care has proved to be shorter in the classifications with greater priority. Upon analyzing the outcomes, 98.7% were discharged after medical care, where the non-urgent classification was prevalent. Of the patients referred for hospitalization, 59.1% were classified as emergency/urgent. When relating the risk classification with the early warning score (MEWS), we noted a higher score in the patients classified as emergency/urgent, and the hospitalized patients have reached scores higher than those who were discharged. The results found have shown that the risk classification was effective in defining the priority of care of patients in an urgent and emergency unit