Thesis (M.Sc (Physics)) --University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2009 / The structural and energetic properties of the Ti-Al and Pt-Ti alloys have been carried out using first-principles total energy calculation of the density functional theory. We found a good correlation between VASP and CASTEP calculations with the experimental data. The equilibrium lattice constants for both systems are in good agreement with the experimental values (within 3% agreement). Furthermore, the heats of formation were calculated in order to determine the relative structural stabilities of the Ti-Al and Pt-Ti alloys. We predict that the L10 TiAl is the most stable structure with the lowest heats of formation (more negative Hf) consistent with the experimental observations. The 50% composition of the PtTi SMA’s in particular B19/B19′ phases predict values to be closer to each other, with B19′ being the most stable phase. A comparison of the energy differences between different PtTi phases, yields the relative energies in the order B2>L10>B19>B19'. The elastic constants for B19/B19′ and L10 show the positive shear modulus while a negative shear modulus was observed for B2 phase (mechanical instability). Similarly, the phonon dispersions and the density of states for the B2, L10, B19 and B19′ PtTi shape memory alloys were calculated and are consistent with the heats of formation. The phonon dispersion curves revealed a softening of modes along high symmetry directions (M and R). This confirms that the B2 structure is less stable as compared to the other structures. The density of states for the 50% PtTi composition structures were also calculated and are consistent with the stability trend. Furthermore the transformation from B2-L10 was investigated using Bain’s path and the B2 and L10 phases were depicted at c/a=1 and c/a=√2 respectively. / NRF & CSIR

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: CRP; Thixocasting; Rheocating; Semisolid. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48).

Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Dutta, Indranath ; Mitra, Shantanu. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 21, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Fatigue (mechanics), thermal fatigue, metal matrix composites, laminates, bending, ultimate strength, fiber reinforced composites, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Aluminum-graphite composite, bend fatigue, thermal fatigue. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65). Also available in print.

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Large strain tensile tests were carried out on OFHC Cu and 99.99% Al with the aim of determining the first and second order work hardening and rate sensitivity coefficients. The tests were performed at room temperature and 473 K and at constant true strain rates in the range 5 x 10('-4) to 10('-1) s('-1). With the aid of a diameter transducer, which was set up to measure and control the rate of reduction of the diameter of the tensile specimen, the strain rate at the minimum cross-section was held constant well beyond the point of maximum load. A second diametral sensor was constructed for use at elevated temperatures. In order to extend the range of conditions covered, constant strain rate compression tests were also performed on Cu at 698 K. In a further series of experiments, tensile tests were carried out on Cu and Al samples at 293 and on Al specimens at 473 K in which the flow localization process was followed by photographic means. / It was observed that the values of the rate sensitivity of the work hardening rate B(,(sigma)) beyond the maximum load are not negligible, but that they are less than 1, in opposition to the theoretical predictions of Kocks et al('(47)). Furthermore, it is shown that, contrary to the suggestion of these workers, the rate sensitivity at constant work hardening rate N is not the material coefficient that controls the growth of strain rate gradients at large strains. / The material coefficients determined using the diametral transducer were employed for the numerical integration of the second order differential equation describing flow localization proposed by Kocks et al('(47)). This equation was integrated at the minimum cross-section of the sample, and the solution is compared with the one calculated by integrating the first order differential equation proposed earlier by Jonas et al('(10)). As expected, the strain measurements obtained from the flow localization experiments are reproduced more closely by the second order solution than by the first order one largely because of the non-negligible values of B(,(sigma)). However, at large deformations, there is a discrepancy between the experimental observations and the predictions of the second order theory. This is attributed to the development of triaxial stresses at these strains. A possible modification of the second order treatment is suggested, based on the gradient in the Bridgman correction term.

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