Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Michael S. Chapman, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biophysics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 11, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

In recent years there has been a significant development of the dynamical map formalism for initially correlated states of a system and its environment. Based on some of these results, we study quantum process tomography for initially correlated states of the system and the environment. This is beyond the usual assumption that the state of the system and the environment are initially uncorrelated. Since quantum process tomography is an experimental procedure, we wind up having to study the role of preparation of input states for open quantum experiments. We work out a theory for the general preparation procedure, and study two preparation procedures in detail. In specific, we study the stochastic preparation procedure and the projective preparation procedure and apply them to quantum process tomography. The two preparation procedures describe the ways to uncorrelate the state of the system and the environment. However the specifics of how this is implemented plays a role on the outcomes of the experiment. When the stochastic preparation procedure is applied properly, quantum process tomography yields a linear process maps. We point out what it means to apply the stochastic preparation procedure properly by constructing several simple examples where inconsistencies in preparations leads to errors. When the projective preparation procedure is applied, quantum process tomography leads to a non-linear process map. We show that these processes can only be consistently described by a general dynamical map, which we call M-map. The M-map contains all of the dynamical information for the state of the system without the affects of a preparation procedure. By carefully extracting some of this dynamical information, we construct a quantitative measure for the memory effect due to the initial correlations with the environment. / text

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- Alicyclic diols can hydrogen bond in many different ways and yield most interesting structures. In this thesis, eight C2-symmetric diols 48-50, 78, 79 and 81-83 were synthesized and their crystal structures were determined. No less than seven of these show unusual solid state behaviour: 48 and 78 are inclusion hosts; 49, 50 and 78 form doubly-stranded hydrogen-bonded ladder structures, where there is a strong preference for each strand to be homochiral; 78, 81 and 82 undergo self-resolution during recrystallization; and 83 forms chirally pure crystals (but the material is still racemic). - One of the favourable supramolecular synthons for hydroxy compounds is the (O-H)6 cycle of hydrogen bonds. When this cycle is formed by a racemic compound, its enantiomers alternate down-up-down etc. around the cycle. No case of an (O-H)6 cycle involving chirally pure hydroxy compounds is known. These observations indicate a strong preference for the (O-H)6 cycle being constructed from achiral or racemic molecules rather than from chirally pure hydroxyl compounds. Racemic (??)-48 and (??)-92 which are already known to form (O-H)6 cycles in the solid state were prepared in chirally pure form and their X-ray crystal structures determined. No (O-H)6 cycles were observed for these homochiral diols. These findings confirm that the (O-H)6 motif occurs only for achiral or racemic compounds. - Similarly, the edge-to-edge eight-membered aryl C-H???N dimer involves either achiral molecules or those of opposite chirality. No chirally pure dimers of this type are reported. Racemic compounds 42-44 that are known to pack using the C-H???N dimer were synthesized in chirally pure form. No edge-to-edge eight-membered aryl C-H???N dimers were formed in the solid state. Hence this supramolecular synthon is only favoured for achiral or racemic compounds only. - Other major conclusions are that the cause of self-resolution is due to packing energy. In some cases it is likely that solvent choice, or solvent plus temperature selection, can be used to control self-resolution.

- Alicyclic diols can hydrogen bond in many different ways and yield most interesting structures. In this thesis, eight C2-symmetric diols 48-50, 78, 79 and 81-83 were synthesized and their crystal structures were determined. No less than seven of these show unusual solid state behaviour: 48 and 78 are inclusion hosts; 49, 50 and 78 form doubly-stranded hydrogen-bonded ladder structures, where there is a strong preference for each strand to be homochiral; 78, 81 and 82 undergo self-resolution during recrystallization; and 83 forms chirally pure crystals (but the material is still racemic). - One of the favourable supramolecular synthons for hydroxy compounds is the (O-H)6 cycle of hydrogen bonds. When this cycle is formed by a racemic compound, its enantiomers alternate down-up-down etc. around the cycle. No case of an (O-H)6 cycle involving chirally pure hydroxy compounds is known. These observations indicate a strong preference for the (O-H)6 cycle being constructed from achiral or racemic molecules rather than from chirally pure hydroxyl compounds. Racemic (??)-48 and (??)-92 which are already known to form (O-H)6 cycles in the solid state were prepared in chirally pure form and their X-ray crystal structures determined. No (O-H)6 cycles were observed for these homochiral diols. These findings confirm that the (O-H)6 motif occurs only for achiral or racemic compounds. - Similarly, the edge-to-edge eight-membered aryl C-H???N dimer involves either achiral molecules or those of opposite chirality. No chirally pure dimers of this type are reported. Racemic compounds 42-44 that are known to pack using the C-H???N dimer were synthesized in chirally pure form. No edge-to-edge eight-membered aryl C-H???N dimers were formed in the solid state. Hence this supramolecular synthon is only favoured for achiral or racemic compounds only. - Other major conclusions are that the cause of self-resolution is due to packing energy. In some cases it is likely that solvent choice, or solvent plus temperature selection, can be used to control self-resolution.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1989. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-225).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available in print.