Orientador: Paulo Correa Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:13:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcondes_AndrezaBenatti_M.pdf: 5495313 bytes, checksum: a5a7651ef5e80d1a06695be92059dd0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: As mudanças nos padrões de competitividade da indústria brasileira influenciaram os procedimentos na avaliação de investimentos em capital fixo das empresas. Neste sentido, a decisão de investir em determinado projeto não é baseada somente na relação entre uma taxa interna de retomo e uma taxa mínima de atratividade, mas deve-se levar em consideração fatores como tempo de resposta ao cliente, qualidade e custo. Para alcançar estes requisitos, a empresa deve reconfigurar seu processo de negócios e uma das áreas mais afetadas é o chão-de-fábrica. A abordagem da Toyota Motor Corporation para projeto de sistemas de manufatura, conhecida como manufatura enxuta, mostrou ser capaz de garantir resultados superiores. Os modelos de análise de investimento atuais, criados para atender a produção em massa, falham em apontar os resultados gerados pela produção enxuta. Este trabalho pretende entender o impacto financeiro de se converter uma fábrica do sistema de produção em massa para o sistema enxuto. Um caso de estudo de uma montadora que se tornou referência nas práticas enxutas é utilizado para verificar se ocorreram transformações na metodologia utilizada pela empresa / Abstract: The changes in the competitiveness standards in the Brazilian industry had influenced on the investment evaluation procedure of fixed capital in corporations. In this way, the decision to invest in a project must not be only based on a relation between the internal rate of return and attractiveness rate. It is necessary to consider factors as response time to customers orders, quality and cost. In order to achieve those requirements most companies need to reconfigure their business process and one of the most affected areas in the shop floor. Toyota Motor Corporation' s approach to manufacturing system design, a1so known as lean manufacturing, has been showing superior performance. The current investment ana1ysis models, created to support mass production, :fail in recognize the effectiveness of lean manufacturing. This work aims at understanding financial impact of restructuring a plant from mass to lean production. A case study of an automotive assembly company who become a benchmark on lean practices is used to check of investments methodologies had been reviewed to support manufacturing transformation / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

This article seeks to enhance acceptance of the profile distance method (PDM) in decision support systems. The PDM is a multiple attributive based decision making as well as a multiple method approach to support complex decision making and uses a heuristic to avoid computationally complex global optimization. We elaborate on the usability of the method and question the heuristic used. We present a bisection algorithm, which efficiently supports the discovery of transition profiles needed in a user-friendly and practical application of the method. Additionally, we provide empirical evidence showing that the proposed heuristic is efficient and delivers results within 5% of the global optimizer for a wide range of data sets.

[pt] Nas últimas décadas, foi possível presenciar a forte pressão da opinião pública para reduzir os acidentes com danos ambientais e colisões rodoviárias. Diversas empresas multinacionais, organizações não-governamentais, assim como governos têm investido muitos recursos nesse sentido. A Alfa, uma empresa petroleira com grande presença na América Central, fez uma enorme redução de empresas fornecedoras de transporte nesta região para poder gerenciar, de maneira mais adequada, seus contratados e, junto com eles, trabalhar em busca da minimização do número de acidentes. Assim, no lapso de três anos, a empresa cortou suas relações com quase uma centena de fornecedores e reestruturou sua operação de transporte contratado. Para chegar a um número tão menor de provedores, a empresa lançou mão de várias técnicas de análise de fornecedores de transporte, de técnicas de negociação eletrônica pela Internet e de um método multicritério de apoio à decisão, desenvolvido por ela. Cada uma destas etapas foi revista à luz da bibliografia acadêmica correspondente, o que possibilita a comparação de modelos apontados somente na teoria quanto à sua aplicação prática. Os resultados mostraram que o caso estudado, além de haver conseguido chegar a seu objetivo, é um caso de sucesso que traz valiosas contribuições à bibliografia acadêmica. / [en] In the last decade it was possible to observe a strong pressure from public opinion to reduce the accidents with environmental consequences and road collisions. Several multinational companies, Non Governmental Organizations, as well as Governments have invested great amount of resources for this aim. Alpha, an oil company, with large operation in Central America, made an enormous carriers reduction in this region, with the objective of being able to manage, in a suitable manner, their contractors and work altogether in the search of accident minimization. Thus, in the lapse of three years the company cancelled its relation with almost one hundred of road transport contractors, and restructured its operation of contracted transport. In order to have only one fraction of the contractors, in relation to what the company had before, a great variety of techniques of analysis for carriers was used. Techniques such as electronic negotiation by Internet, and a multi-criteria decision method developed by the company. Each of these stages was reviewed and compared with the academic bibliography that corresponded. This made possible the comparison of models only written in the bibliography relating their practical application. The results show that the case studied, besides having managed to reach its objective, is a case of success, bringing valuable contributions to the academic bibliography.

This thesis is concerned with problematics of multi-criteria decision making, especially method DEMATEL, its modifications and combinations with another methods. There is description of particular steps of this methods and selected theory from various areas, which is used in these methods. In every chapter we can find theoretical explanation of these methods, description of their steps and afterwards these theoretical findings are applied on numerical example. Firstly, the crucial method is introduced. Then this thesis is concerned with its adjustments based, on different approaches, which are often used not only in decision making. In the end, all these findings are aggregated and new method is founded.

The thesis is concerned with Multi-Criteria Decision Making, in particular the Analytic Network Process method. The introductory part is dedicated to compile all the theory necessary to understand the method and utilized throughout the paper. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method is described and later generalized in the form of the ANP. Part of the paper is a description of available software products that are able to solve the ANP models. The main focus is on the application of the method, the usability and efficiency of possible use in macroeconomics is tested. In the third chapter a macroeconomic forecasting model is developed in cooperation with experts. The results of this model are compared with the best available up-to-date forecasts by local and international institutions.

In today's world there are many different substitutes for most products and services, increasing the demands on decision-making among substitutes. In order to make a decision, it may be very helpful to use multi-criterial methods for evaluating of the options, which are available to the general public through special programs. Thank to these programs, the general public does not have to be informed in detail about multi-criterial methods and can use the convenience of multi-criteria analysis. The aim of this thesis is to describe and compare the publicly available noncommercial czech software that allows the simplification of choice when choosing from several options according to specified criteria. The thesis work is focused on discrete models of evaluation that are simpler and more suitable for pre-defined alternatives. Non-commercial programs, many of which were created at universities, are evaluated in this thesis. Furthermore, some very well-known evaluation methods, which appear in some programs, are presented.

The aim of this paper is the application of the multi criteria decision making theory in collective investment. The theoretical part of paper describes the financial and capital market, collective investment and its history, association for capital market AKAT, multi-criteria decision making methods and basic portfolio theory. The practical application of the theory is application of multi criteria decision making methods to real data in two phases: the effective alternatives selection and multiple objective programming portfolio selection for different investor types.

The diploma thesis deals with financial planning using the multi-criteria methods for evaluation of alternatives. The theoretical part of this work includes basic phrases of multicriteria decision making, there are concretely described the methods with the cardinal information and methods of calculation of the criteria weights. There are also exactly written the procedures how to realize mortgage loans. The reader is informed with problems of target programming and basic financial and insurance patterns. The core of this thesis is chapter four. The beginning of the fourth chapter is focused on the selection of appropriate criteria and the assignment of their weights. Most calculations are made with help of the Sanna MS Excel add-in application. Finally the author formed the financial portfolio by using software Lingo. There are established two investment options and these options are compared. The main objective of this thesis is to compare which of these two chosen options is more profitable in the long run.

The thesis deals with the evaluation of the economic faculties of the universities in the Czech Republic using the WSA, TOPSIS and ELECTRE III methods. The theoretical part of the work describes the theory of multi-criteria decision making and focuses on the methods with the cardinal information and methods of calculation of the criteria weights. This part of the work is further devoted to the methodology of the world's most recognized rankings and evaluations of economic faculties in the Czech Republic. The practical part deals with the selection of appropriate criteria, the determination of their scales and evaluation of faculties using the Sanna MS Excel add-in application. In the scope of the sensitivity of the evaluation depending on the change in the weights of the criteria there is drawn up a questionnaire for students of schools with economic focus. The primary purpose is to create an objective ranking of economic faculties. The secondary aim of this work is to assess the sensitivity of the order of the faculties on the method used to calculate the weights of the criteria and on change of the weighting of the criteria itself.

This thesis focuses on the efficiency and performance analysis of higher education in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part deals with interpretation of methods, which are then used in the practical part. These methods are data envelopment analysis (DEA) and methods of multi-criteria evaluation with cardinal information on criteria. Another important chapter of the theoretical part is the chapter about the most famous world rankings of universities and practice in this field in the Czech Republic. The practical part is divided into two sections. The first deals with the analysis of the efficiency of economic faculties on public universities in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2013. The second one is aimed at the creation of a ranking of these faculties for 2015 using the methods of multi-criteria evaluation.