No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

L’état de santé bucco-dentaire semble pouvoir influencer l’état nutritionnel. L’objectif principal est d’évaluer la relation entre le nombre de paires dentaires occlusives (PDO) et la consommation alimentaire chez les aînés. Les PDO sont seulement les contacts {dent/dent} et {dent/dent prothétique}. Les objectifs secondaires évaluent la relation entre l’efficacité masticatoire, la stabilité des prothèses et la consommation alimentaire. L’étude comprend 117 sujets âgés de 68 à 82 ans de la cohorte NuAge vivant à domicile. Les données proviennent d’un questionnaire, de trois rappels alimentaires (24 heures), d’un examen dentaire et d’un test de performance masticatoire. Aucune relation significative entre le nombre de PDO et la consommation alimentaire n’a pu être démontrée. Plusieurs raisons pourraient expliquer ce résultat 1) l’inclusion dans l’étude d’un nombre important de porteurs de deux prothèses dentaires complètes, donc n’ayant aucune PDO, alors qu’une certaine efficacité masticatoire est prouvée ; 2) l’inclusion des PDO antérieures, moins efficace pour broyer les aliments. / Oral health may influence the nutritional status of individuals. The main purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between occlusive dental pairs number (ODP) and food consumption in elders. ODP includes only contact between {tooth/tooth} and {tooth/prosthetic tooth}. The secondary purposes are to assess relationship between masticatory efficiency, stability of prostheses and food consumption. In this study, a sample of 117 elderly subjects aged between 68-82 years from NuAge cohort were interviewed, three 24-hr dietary recalls were performed, dental exam provided, and masticatory performance tested. No significant relationship between dental pairs and food consumption has been demonstrated. Many reasons may explain the results 1) inclusion of a fairly large number of two dentures wearers counted as having no ODP, but having certain masticatory efficacy, 2) inclusion of ODP from anterior teeth which are less efficient to crunch and transform food.

A cirurgia ortognática é uma modalidade terapêutica que vem se tornando cada vez mais comum ao cotidiano de cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais e ortodontistas. Os dados presentes na literatura quanto a variabilidade do posicionamento mandibular em indivíduos com discrepâncias maxilomandibulares são escassos, fruto de poucas pesquisas ou somente refletem opinião de autores. O presente estudo objetivou a avaliação da variabilidade no posicionamento mandibular entre diferentes registros oclusais e o entendimento da influência das variáveis faixa etária, gênero, tipo de deformidade ou tipo de cirurgia aos resultados. Utilizando amostra composta por 30 indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial a serem submetidos a cirurgia ortognática, estudamos o registro da oclusão dental obtido em três diferentes situações: relação cêntrica, máxima intercuspidação e sob anestesia geral. Tais referências oclusais foram utilizadas para montagem de modelos mandibulares de gesso em articulador semi-ajustável e três pontos dentais (um anterior, um posterior direito e um posterior esquerdo) foram utilizados para determinar possível variação da posição mandibular. Os resultados indicaram tendência geral, com significância estatística, para recuo da mandíbula quando comparamos sua mudança de posição de máxima intercuspidação para relação cêntrica, não havendo significância estatística para a posição mandibular sob anestesia geral quando comparada à posição em relação cêntrica. Faixa etária e tipo de deformidade demonstraram-se como variáveis de influência significante aos resultados. / Orthognathic surgery is a surgical therapeutical modality that has become more common among oral and maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Current data regarding variability of mandibular positioning are scarce, mainly the result of few researches or author`s opinions. The present study aimed the evaluation of the variability of mandibular positioning among different occlusal registrations and the knowledge of whether age, gender, type of deformity or type of proposed surgery would influence results. Through a sample of 30 subjects with dentofacial deformities to be submitted to orthognathic surgery, dental occlusion registrations in three different situations were evaluated: centric relation, maximum intercuspation and under general anesthesia. Such registrations were used to mount cast models on semi-adjustable articulators and three dental points (one anterior, one posterior to the right and one posterior to the left) were used to determine possible variation of the mandibular position. Results indicated overall tendency with statistical significance for mandibular retrusion of the mandible when its position in maximum intercuspation is compared with centric relation, not presenting statistical significance for the mandible position under general anesthesia when compared to centric relation. Age and type of deformity did represent themselves as variables of influence to the results.

Thesis--Catholic University of Leuven, 1985.

Thesis--Catholic University of Leuven, 1985.

Le diagnostic de l'occlusion dentaire reste actuellement un défi majeur pour les chirurgiens-dentistes. Des outils dédiés existent, comme le papier à articuler et le T-Scan®, mais sont limités pour diverses raisons. L'objectif de cette thèse est alors de développer un nouvel outil sous forme de matrice de capteurs de pression sur substrat flexible alliant les avantages des outils nommés précédemment, à savoir un produit électronique, informatisé et de faible épaisseur pour ne pas être intrusif. Nous avons choisi une technologie piézorésistive et l'utilisation de jauges de contrainte en silicium microcristallin. Ce matériau est déposé à basse température (< 200°C) directement sur substrat Kapton® par PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) dans une perspective de faible coût. Ces jauges ont d'abord été caractérisées mécaniquement et électriquement lors de tests de courbure. Les facteurs de jauge longitudinaux et transversaux du silicium microcristallin ont été étudiés afin de maîtriser son comportement sous déformation. Les dispositifs restent fonctionnels jusqu'à des contraintes de 0,6 %, à partir de laquelle des dégradations apparaissent. Ces valeurs de contraintes permettent d'atteindre des rayons de courbure de l'ordre du millimètre pour des substrats de 25 µm d'épaisseur. Deux types de matrices ont ensuite été développées : une première de 800 jauges pour l'étude de la surface occlusale d'une dent puis une seconde de 6400 jauges pour l'étude d'une moitié de mâchoire. Dans les deux cas, des corrélations intéressantes entre le papier à articuler et nos réponses électriques ont été observées lors de caractérisations en conditions « semi-réelles » à l'aide d'un articulateur dentaire. Ces deux prototypes ont ainsi permis une preuve de concept fonctionnelle de l'objectif visé en utilisant des jauges en silicium microcristallin. / Dental occlusion diagnosis is still a major challenge for dentists. A couple of tools are dedicated to occlusal analysis, such as articulating papers and the T-Scan® system, but they are limited for various reasons. That's why, the goal of this thesis is to develop a novel system consisting in pressure sensor arrays on flexible substrates combining the positive aspects of both previously cited tools: an electronic and computerized system, on a very thin non-invasive flexible substrate. We chose a piezoresistive technology based on microcrystalline silicon strain gauges and 25-µm- or 50-µm-thick Kapton® substrates. Microcrystalline silicon is deposited directly on plastic at low temperature (< 200°C) using PECVD technique (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) in a cost-effective solution perspective. Strain gauges have firstly been characterized using bending tests. Longitudinal and transversal gauge factors have been studied in order to understand the behavior of our deposited materials under bending. Those gauges remained functional until strains up to 0.6 % and degradations appeared for higher values. These values correspond to bending radius on the order of 1 mm for 25-µm-thick substrates. Then, those gauges have been integrated in arrays with two different designs: one was an 800-element array to study the occlusal surface of one tooth, and the second was a 6400-element array to study the occlusal surface of a hemiarcade. Those prototypes have showed interesting correlations between articulating paper marks and our electrical responses during characterizations using a dental articulator to simulate a human jaw. Thus, we have developed in this work a proof-of-concept of a flexible strain sensor using microcrystalline silicon dedicated to dental occlusion diagnosis.

A cirurgia ortognática é uma modalidade terapêutica que vem se tornando cada vez mais comum ao cotidiano de cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais e ortodontistas. Os dados presentes na literatura quanto a variabilidade do posicionamento mandibular em indivíduos com discrepâncias maxilomandibulares são escassos, fruto de poucas pesquisas ou somente refletem opinião de autores. O presente estudo objetivou a avaliação da variabilidade no posicionamento mandibular entre diferentes registros oclusais e o entendimento da influência das variáveis faixa etária, gênero, tipo de deformidade ou tipo de cirurgia aos resultados. Utilizando amostra composta por 30 indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial a serem submetidos a cirurgia ortognática, estudamos o registro da oclusão dental obtido em três diferentes situações: relação cêntrica, máxima intercuspidação e sob anestesia geral. Tais referências oclusais foram utilizadas para montagem de modelos mandibulares de gesso em articulador semi-ajustável e três pontos dentais (um anterior, um posterior direito e um posterior esquerdo) foram utilizados para determinar possível variação da posição mandibular. Os resultados indicaram tendência geral, com significância estatística, para recuo da mandíbula quando comparamos sua mudança de posição de máxima intercuspidação para relação cêntrica, não havendo significância estatística para a posição mandibular sob anestesia geral quando comparada à posição em relação cêntrica. Faixa etária e tipo de deformidade demonstraram-se como variáveis de influência significante aos resultados. / Orthognathic surgery is a surgical therapeutical modality that has become more common among oral and maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Current data regarding variability of mandibular positioning are scarce, mainly the result of few researches or author`s opinions. The present study aimed the evaluation of the variability of mandibular positioning among different occlusal registrations and the knowledge of whether age, gender, type of deformity or type of proposed surgery would influence results. Through a sample of 30 subjects with dentofacial deformities to be submitted to orthognathic surgery, dental occlusion registrations in three different situations were evaluated: centric relation, maximum intercuspation and under general anesthesia. Such registrations were used to mount cast models on semi-adjustable articulators and three dental points (one anterior, one posterior to the right and one posterior to the left) were used to determine possible variation of the mandibular position. Results indicated overall tendency with statistical significance for mandibular retrusion of the mandible when its position in maximum intercuspation is compared with centric relation, not presenting statistical significance for the mandible position under general anesthesia when compared to centric relation. Age and type of deformity did represent themselves as variables of influence to the results.

Nous avons développé un nouveau ballonnet pour l'occlusion trachéale fœtale par endoscopie (FETO) qui permet une levée de l'occlusion facile, par contrôle externe et non-invasive. Ce ballonnet "Smart-TO" permet d'éviter les problèmes liés au rétablissement des voies aériennes. La solution technique est basée sur une valve magnétique dont l'ouverture est contrôlée par le champ de fuite d'une IRM. L'ouverture de la valve provoque la vidange du ballonnet, qui est ensuite expulsé par les sécrétions pulmonaires. Les tests d'imperméabilité, d'occlusion et de fonctionnement sont prometteurs. Une toute première expérimentation sur le modèle du singe a montré la bonne fonctionnalité et fonctionnement du ballonnet "Smart-TO". D'autres tests in vitro ainsi que d'autres tests animaux sont prévus. Un brevet a été déposé en 2016. Une analyse de risques préliminaire, une exploration des chemins réglementaires et une étude de marché ont été initiés mais sont encore en cours. / We developed a new balloon for Fetal Endoscopic Tracheal Occlusion (FETO) which allows an easy, remotely controlled, and non-invasive reversal occlusion. This "Smart-TO" balloon to overcome issues related to the airway reestablishment. The technology is based on a magnetic valve whose opening is actuated by the fringe field of an MRI scanner. The opeing of the valve induces the deflation of the balloon, which is then washed out by the fluid coming out from the lungs. The impermeability, occlusion and operation tests are promising. A very first experimentation on the monkey model showed appropriate functionality and operation of the "Smart-TO" balloon. Further in vitro and animal tests are planned. A patent has been filed in 2016. Preliminary risk analysis, regulatory routes exploration, and market study have been started but are still ongoing.