Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1987. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 260-274). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7182_1.pdf: 965696 bytes, checksum: 847cf81b54f4a390cb83ef68ae88acf7 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma metodologia para estimar os parâmetros que indexam o processo ARFIMA(p, d, q) (Hosking 1981) na presença de outliers aditivos. Para estimar d, é proposto um estimador robusto que é uma variante do popular estimador sugerido por Geweke & Porter-Hudak (1983) (GPH). A metodologia proposta faz uso da função de autocovariância amostral robusta, considerada por Ma & Genton (2000), para obtenção do estimador da função espectral do processo. Resultados numéricos evidenciam a robustez do estimador proposto na presença de outliers do tipo aditivo

University of Macau / Faculty of Science and Technology / Department of Computer and Information Science

No description available.

O projeto descrito neste documento propõe um modelo para análise de viés em notícias, procurando identificar o viés dos meios de comunicação em relação a entidades políticas. Foram analisados três tipos de viés: o viés de seleção, que avalia o quanto uma entidade é referenciada pelo meio de comunicação; o viés de cobertura, que avalia quanto destaque é destinado a entidade e, por fim, o viés de afirmação, que avalia se estão falando mal ou bem da entidade. Para tal, foi construído um corpus de notícias sistematicamente extraídas de 5 produtores de notícias e classificadas manualmente em relação à polaridade e entidade alvo. Técnicas de análise de sentimentos baseadas em aprendizado de máquina foram validadas utilizando o corpus criado. Criou-se uma metodologia para identificação de viés, utilizando o conceito de outliers, a partir de métricas indicadoras. A partir da metodologia proposta, foi analisado o viés em relação aos candidatos ao governo de São Paulo e à presidência a partir do corpus criado, em que se identificou os três tipos de viés em dois produtores de notícias / The project described here proposes a model to study bias on newswire texts, related to political entities. Three types of bias are analysed: selection bias, which refers to the amount of times an entity is referenced by the media outlet; coverage bias, which assesses the amount of coverage given to an entity and, finally, the assertion bias, which analyses whether the news is a positive or negative report of an entity. To accomplish this, a corpus was systematically built by extracting news from 5 different newswires. These texts were manually classified according to their polarity alignment and associated entity. Sentiment Analysis techniques were applied and evaluated using the corpus. Based on the concept of outliers, a methodology for bias detection was created. Bias was analysed using the proposed methodology on the generated corpus for candidates to the government of the state of São Paulo and to presidency, being identified in two newswires for the three above-defined types

O projeto descrito neste documento propõe um modelo para análise de viés em notícias, procurando identificar o viés dos meios de comunicação em relação a entidades políticas. Foram analisados três tipos de viés: o viés de seleção, que avalia o quanto uma entidade é referenciada pelo meio de comunicação; o viés de cobertura, que avalia quanto destaque é destinado a entidade e, por fim, o viés de afirmação, que avalia se estão falando mal ou bem da entidade. Para tal, foi construído um corpus de notícias sistematicamente extraídas de 5 produtores de notícias e classificadas manualmente em relação à polaridade e entidade alvo. Técnicas de análise de sentimentos baseadas em aprendizado de máquina foram validadas utilizando o corpus criado. Criou-se uma metodologia para identificação de viés, utilizando o conceito de outliers, a partir de métricas indicadoras. A partir da metodologia proposta, foi analisado o viés em relação aos candidatos ao governo de São Paulo e à presidência a partir do corpus criado, em que se identificou os três tipos de viés em dois produtores de notícias / The project described here proposes a model to study bias on newswire texts, related to political entities. Three types of bias are analysed: selection bias, which refers to the amount of times an entity is referenced by the media outlet; coverage bias, which assesses the amount of coverage given to an entity and, finally, the assertion bias, which analyses whether the news is a positive or negative report of an entity. To accomplish this, a corpus was systematically built by extracting news from 5 different newswires. These texts were manually classified according to their polarity alignment and associated entity. Sentiment Analysis techniques were applied and evaluated using the corpus. Based on the concept of outliers, a methodology for bias detection was created. Bias was analysed using the proposed methodology on the generated corpus for candidates to the government of the state of São Paulo and to presidency, being identified in two newswires for the three above-defined types

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-214).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1990. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [158]-163).

Un des aspects de complexité des nouvelles données, issues des différents systèmes de traitement,sont l’imprécision, l’incertitude, et l’incomplétude. Ces aspects ont aggravés la multiplicité etdissémination des sources productrices de données, qu’on observe facilement dans les systèmesde contrôle et de monitoring. Si les outils de la fouille de données sont devenus assez performants avec des données dont on dispose de connaissances a priori fiables, ils ne peuvent pas êtreappliqués aux données où les connaissances elles mêmes peuvent être entachées d’incertitude etd’imprécision. De ce fait, de nouvelles approches qui prennent en compte cet aspect vont certainement améliorer les performances des systèmes de fouille de données, dont la détection desoutliers, objet de notre recherche dans le cadre de cette thèse. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette optique, à savoir la proposition d’une nouvelle méthode pourla détection d’outliers dans les données incertaines et/ou imprécises. En effet, l’imprécision etl’incertitude des expertises relatives aux données d’apprentissage, est un aspect de complexitédes données. Pour pallier à ce problème particulier d’imprécision et d’incertitude des donnéesexpertisées, nous avons combinés des techniques issues de l’apprentissage automatique, et plusparticulièrement le clustering, et des techniques issues de la logique floue, en particulier les ensembles flous, et ce, pour pouvoir projeter de nouvelles observations, sur les clusters des donnéesd’apprentissage, et après seuillage, pouvoir définir les observations à considérer comme aberrantes(outliers) dans le jeu de données considéré.Concrètement, en utilisant les tables de décision ambigües (TDA), nous sommes partis des indices d’ambigüité des données d’apprentissage pour calculer les indices d’ambigüités des nouvellesobservations (données de test), et ce en faisant recours à l’inférence floue. Après un clustering del’ensemble des indices d’ambigüité, une opération α-coupe, nous a permis de définir une frontièrede décision au sein des clusters, et qui a été utilisée à son tour pour catégoriser les observations,en normales (inliers) ou aberrantes (outliers). La force de la méthode proposée réside dans sonpouvoir à traiter avec des données d’apprentissage imprécises et/ou incertaines en utilisant uniquement les indices d’ambigüité, palliant ainsi aux différents problèmes d’incomplétude des jeuxde données. Les métriques de faux positifs et de rappel, nous ont permis d’une part d’évaluer lesperformances de notre méthode, et aussi de la paramétrer selon les choix de l’utilisateur. / One of the complexity aspects of the new data produced by the different processing systems is the inaccuracy, the uncertainty, and the incompleteness. These aspects are aggravated by the multiplicity and the dissemination of data-generating sources, that can be easily observed within various control and monitoring systems. While the tools of data mining have become fairly efficient with data that have reliable prior knowledge, they cannot be applied to data where the knowledge itself may be tainted with uncertainty and inaccuracy. As a result, new approaches that take into account this aspect will certainly improve the performance of data mining systems, including the detection of outliers,which is the subject of our research in this thesis.This thesis deals therefore with a particular aspect of uncertainty and accuracy, namely the proposal of a new method to detect outliers in uncertain and / or inaccurate data. Indeed, the inaccuracy of the expertise related to the learning data, is an aspect of complexity. To overcome this particular problem of inaccuracy and uncertainty of the expertise data, we have combined techniques resulting from machine learning, especially clustering, and techniques derived from fuzzy logic, especially fuzzy sets. So we will be able to project the new observations, on the clusters of the learning data, and after thresholding, defining the observations to consider as aberrant (outliers) in the considered dataset.Specifically, using ambiguous decision tables (ADTs), we proceeded from the ambiguity indices of the learning data to compute the ambiguity indices of the new observations (test data), using the Fuzzy Inference. After clustering, the set of ambiguity indices, an α-cut operation allowed us to define a decision boundary within the clusters, which was used in turn to categorize the observations as normal (inliers ) or aberrant (outliers). The strength of the proposed method lies in its ability to deal with inaccurate and / or uncertain learning data using only the indices of ambiguity, thus overcoming the various problems of incompleteness of the datasets. The metrics of false positives and recall, allowed us on one hand to evaluate the performances of our method, and also to parameterize it according to the choices of the user.