Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-121).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 157 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-88).

M.Tech.

The numerous pain rating scales using faces depicting varying degrees of distress to elicit reports of pain from children fall into two categories; those with a neutral face as the 'no pain' anchor, and those with a smiling face as the 'no pain' anchor. This study examined the potentially biasing impact of these anchor types on children's self-reports of pain in response to a series of vignettes. Participants were 100 children stratified by age (5-6 years, 7-8 years, 9-12 years) and randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) neutral scale/sensory instructions; 2) smiling scale/sensory instructions; 3) smiling scale/affective instructions. Children completed a faces scale, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and emotions ratings in response to four scenarios depicting: 1) no pain/negative emotions; 2) pain/negative emotions; 3) no pain/positive emotions; 4) pain/positive emotions. Results showed that children who used the smiling scale had significantly higher pain scores for no pain and pain/negative emotions vignettes, and significantly lower faces scale scores for pain/positive vignettes, than children who used the neutral faces scale. Instructions varying in focus on sensory or affective qualities of pain had no effect on children's pain ratings. Group differences in children's ratings with the VAS and emotions measure suggested that rating pain with a smiling faces scale may alter a child's concept of pain. Age differences indicated the younger children rated the negative emotion vignettes as more painful than the older children. These findings suggest that children's pain ratings vary depending on the types of faces scale used, and that faces scales with smiling anchors may confound affective states with pain ratings. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

archives@tulane.edu / Opioids are the gold standard for treatment of severe pain, but long-term use of opioids has led to a crisis of addiction and overdose deaths in the US and abroad. Additionally, long-term use of opioids can lead to worse pain, dependence, and a host of other unfavorable side effects. ZH853 is a novel endomorphin analog that has reduced side effects, including abuse liability, and superior analgesia compared to morphine. The studies contained in this work examine the acute effectiveness of ZH853 in several pain states and whether chronic use prolongs and intensifies pain as morphine does. Two treatment paradigms were investigated. Either 1) chronic pain was induced followed by chronic treatment with morphine, ZH853 or vehicle, or 2) chronic drug was administered prior to pain induction. Neuropathic, inflammatory, and postoperative pain were induced using well-characterized methods. Drugs were administered by minipumps for 3-5 days at appropriate doses based on prior experiments. Animals were tested for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia using von Frey filaments and the Hargreaves apparatus, respectively. Additionally, several gait parameters were measured using the CatWalk XT. At the end of experiments when animals had recovered to baseline, a naltrexone injection was administered to unmask latent sensitization (LS). Additional animals were used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess several markers involving pain and inflammation. Morphine increased and prolonged inflammatory and postoperative pain while ZH853 reduced the overall time spent in pain and the severity of pain scores. Markers of inflammation were increased in morphine-treated animals but ZH853-treated animals consistently showed minimal inflammation. Finally, ZH853 protected against LS in all experiments, while vehicle- and morphine-treated animals showed hyperalgesia following naltrexone administration. ZH853 has a favorable side effect profile versus morphine, including greatly reduced abuse liability and a lack of respiratory depression, and it provides superior analgesia in a number of pain states. We now know that chronic use of this compound reduces time spent in a chronic pain state, the opposite of common opioids like morphine, making ZH853 an excellent candidate for clinical development in humans for chronic pain. / 1 / Amy K Feehan

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Occupational Therapy. Johannesburg, October 2011 / Background: Numerous factors influence work status in employees with chronic back pain. The objective of this study was to identify those factors which were most significantly associated with long term absence from work. Methods: The design entailed a sample of employees diagnosed with chronic back pain referred for functional capacity evaluation. Quantitative, descriptive, cross sectional and multivariate correlation study design was used. Fifty-seven Clients participated. Outcomes were defined using self-report questionnaires, two lifting tasks and a dynamic and static posturing assessment. This study was performed within an occupational therapy private practice setting in South Africa. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated significant adjusted odds ratios (OR) for kneeling (OR 7.6; CI 1.27-45.29), waist to floor lift (OR 3.8 CI 0.99-14.9) and depression (OR 2.7; CI 0.71-10.4). Conclusion: This study supported current views that work status in employees with chronic back pain was affected by both physical and psychological factors. Kneeling, lifting from floor to waist and depression were factors most significantly associated with employees with chronic back pain not being at work. Occupational therapists taking referrals for FCEs need to integrate these factors into their assessment in order to make informed recommendations regarding capacity for work in clients with chronic back pain.

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No description available.

Pain is a public health issue affecting the lives of nearly 116 million adults in the US, annually. Understanding the physiological and phenotypic changes that occur in response to painful stimuli is of tremendous clinical interest, but, the complexity of pain and the lack of a representative in vitro model hinders the development of new therapeutics. Pain stimuli are first perceived and transmitted by the neurons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) which become hyperexcitable under these conditions. It has now been established that satellite glial cells (SGCs) that ensheathe the DRG cell body actively contribute to this neuronal dysregulation. To understand the role of SGCs in this pain circuit, first, we looked at the development of SGCs within the DRG of rats, and we showed that SGCs developed postnatally, and appeared morphologically, transcriptionally and functionally similar to Schwann cells precursors (SCs), supporting the idea that these cells may exhibit multipotent behavior. Secondly, we describe here, a three-dimensional in vitro model of the DRG which is functionally characterized on a microelectrode array (MEA). This model can be used to assess the long-term recording of spontaneous activity from bundles of axons while preserving the neuronal-SGC interactions similar to those observed in vivo. Furthermore, using capsaicin, an agonist of the TRPV1 nociceptive receptor, we show that this model can be used as an in vitro assay to acquire evoked responses from nociceptive neurons. Overall, this study advances our knowledge on the development and differentiation of SGCs and establishes a novel functional three-dimensional model for the study of SGCs. This model can now be used as a tool to study the underlying basis of neuronal dysregulation in pain.