This Thesis investigates and develops novel bidirectional and reconfigurable optical access architectures based on WDM technology with the aim of solving the problem of cost and complexity associated to the WDM-PON transceivers. In particular, depending on the capacity requirements of the network, the investigation and development deal with two specific environments of application. In case of low capacity access platforms, we propose and validate new dispersion tolerant optical transmission systems based on the employment of optical broadband sources operating in the third transmission band and whose adaptability to the transport of RoF signals is realized, for the first time, by means of Mach-Zehnder optical interferometer structures. The optical bandpass filtering feature of the Mach-Zehnder device is key to overcome the chromatic dispersion-induced limitations arising from the spectral width of the source and, thus, significantly increase the system operative bandwidth to several tens of GHz. The incorporation of a Mach-Zehnder structure has a relatively low degree of implementation complexity and opens the possibility to transmit RoF signals using cost-effective optical broadband sources in optical access platforms being, at the same time, a viable alternative to other dispersion compensation techniques under certain scenarios. Good RoF transmission performance is experimentally achieved over single mode and multi mode fiber links employing optical amplitude and optical phase modulation. The SCM technique is also used for the generation of down- and up-stream signals to improve the link bandwidth utilization and allow converging transport of wired and wireless services. Service flexibility is demonstrated by means of different types of codification concerning the transmitted binary information. In spectrum sliced optical broadband source multichannel applications, the dynamical assignment of capacity is realized by means of a compact routing scheme based on optical switching and validated over different routing scenarios. Moreover, two extra functionalities offered by the Mach-Zehnder device, such as the photonic suppression of harmonic and intermodulation distortion and the all-optical microwaves generation and up-conversion, are demonstrated. For optical access platforms requiring high capacity transport we propose and validate light sources-centralized optical transmission systems where the PolMUX technique is employed for the first time in the access platform as a novel strategy to minimize the cost and complexity of the terminal units in accordance with the centralization concept. The PolMUX principle uses light polarization as a degree of freedom to efficiently multiplex two orthogonal optical fields at the same wavelength into the same optical channel. Under this principle, the optical carriers required for the down- and uplink transmission can be provided by a single and centralized coherent source. It means that the terminal unit can be kept source-free and operative wavelength-independent. This concept is firstly validated over a single-channel full-duplex optical transmission system adopting RoF and SCM techniques for the generation and transport of the down- and upstream signals. Apart of fulfilling the requirements of quality of transmission after the polarization demultiplexing process, we demonstrate that the tracking and control of polarization can be also centralized at the central office for further minimization of the terminal unit complexity. Finally, the effectiveness of the PolMUX technique is exploited in the access network in order to perform full-duplex multichannel communications where reconfiguration of capacity depending on the actual demand and service convergence, required in RoF, are also demonstrated. / Grassi Marangione, F. (2013). Centralized transmission techniques for full-duplex reconfigurable WDM optical access networks [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34507

Thesis deals with polarization multiplexing and how birefringence influences polarization multiplexing. It also deals with polarization of light and how it can be described by Stokes and Jones vectors and also with visualiating polarization on Poincaré sphere. It also describes how information is transmitted in optical systems. At the end of the thesis is described design for polarization multiplexing at the lab.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e a realização de experimentos a fim de investigar os efeitos da PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion) no controle de polarização implementado em um enlace de fibra óptica monomodo. Esse estudo permitirá a otimização de controladores de polarização em sistemas de transmissão que venham a utilizar multiplexação em polarização (PolMux) combinado a técnicas de UDWDM (Ultra Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing), possibilitando o aumento da taxa de transmissão em um canal. Para tanto, foram realizadas medidas experimentais que demonstrem o desvio angular da polarização devido à descorrelação entre canais, através da análise da evolução da polarização do sinal óptico em função da PMD, do comprimento de onda e do espaçamento espectral; foram analisadas duas propostas para se utilizar no controle de polarização; estatísticas referentes à atenuação dos canais utilizados foram realizadas e também o cálculo da correlação com intuito de analisar como esses canais se relacionam. / [en] This work presents the study and conducting experiments to investigate the PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion) effects in polarization control implemented in a single-mode fiber optic link. This study will allow the optimization of polarization controllers in transmission systems that will use polarization multiplexing (PolMux) combined with techniques like UDWDM (Ultra Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing), and thereby to increase the transmission rate in a channel. Therefore, we performed experimental measurements showing the angular displacement of the polarization due to decorrelation between channels by analyzing the evolution of the polarization of the optical signal as a function of PMD, wavelength and the spectral spacing, analyzed using two proposals for the control of polarization, statistics of the fading channels used and also performed the calculate the correlation with the aim to analyze how these channels are related.

[pt] Neste trabalho realizamos uma prova da viabilidade de um sistema de comunicação óptica com capacidade de transmissão de 50 Gbit/s em uma largura de banda de 50 GHz utilizando o legado dos sistemas com taxas de 10 Gbit/s. Uma série de configurações experimentais foi testada em uma ordem de complexidade crescente para verificar separadamente as etapas e as técnicas aplicadas para o aumento da capacidade de transmissão de dados e a eficiência espectral. Em alguns casos, a curva característica resultante da configuração backto- back do analisador de taxa de erro de bit média foi utilizada como referência para comparação das configurações experimentais realizadas durante o trabalho. / [en] In this work we perform a proof of feasibility of 50 Gbit/s transmission within a 50 GHz optical bandwidth exploring the 10 Gbit/s legacy. A series of experimental configurations were tested in an order of increasing complexity to verify separately the steps and applied techniques for increasing data transmission capacity and spectral efficiency. In some cases, the comparison of experimental configuration was made using the back-to-back configuration of the Bit Error Rate Tester.