Introduit au Vietnam dans les années 90 sous forme de BOT( Build, Operate, Transfert), le modèle de Partenariat public-privé (PPP) réapparaît au centre de la politique économique du pays. L’approche de l’analyse comparée du modèle PPP au Royaume-Uni et en France, permet en premier lieu d’aborder des domaines encore négligés au Vietnam : la science juridique, l’aspect social, culturel et politique du droit. Cette approche permet ensuite, d’intégrer le PPP dans le cadre de réforme de l’action publique : les expériences au Royaume-Uni et en France sont des informations qui peuvent attirer la vigilance des autorités publiques vietnamiennes sur le recours à ce modèle. L’amélioration de l’environnement juridique au Vietnam peut être envisagée dans deux domaines. En premier lieu, les qualités de système de droit continental, la France apporte des références pour un travail de clarification et de rationalisation du droit, notamment le droit des biens et le droit des contrats privés. Ensuite, le système de droit public français ouvre des pistes de réflexion pour l’élaboration d’un cadre de gestion des biens et des contrats publics au Vietnam. Le paradoxe de la politique de transition du Vietnam pose le problème de trouver un compromis entre la cohésion sociale et la concurrence nécessaire pour le développement du PPP dans les secteurs de réseaux. L’étatisme français et son modèle de service public semble être un frein pour le développement économique du pays. Cependant ce modèle est une piste de réflexion pour un mode d’intervention étatique pour la gestion des entreprises publiques et pour l’externalisation des services publics. / The public-private partnership, (PPP) introduced in Vietnam in the nineties’ as BOT (Build, Operate, Transfert), has become the main interest of the government’s economic policy. The analysis and comparative approach of the English and French PPP’s model allows, firstly, tackling matters, so far neglected by the government: science of law, social, cultural and political aspect of law. This approach allows then, including the PPP within the framework of public action reform: the French and English PPP experiences could attract the attention of Vietnamese government in the use of this model. Two matters of Vietnamese law environment could be improving: firstly, the qualities of French continental law system could contribute to clarify ant to rationalize Vietnamese law, particularly private property and contract law. The French public law provides information to though about the foundation of public property law and public contracts law in Vietnam. The paradox of the Vietnamese transition politic raises the problem to find out about a compromise between social cohesion and competition necessary for the PPP development in network industries. The French state control and its public service model seem to be a brake on the development of economy. Meanwhile, this model could suggest reflections for the research of a state intervention in Vietnam, in particularly, the management of state owned enterprises and public service outsourcing.

GPS processing, like every processing method for geodetic applications, relies upon least-squares estimation. Quality measures must be defined to assure that the estimates are close to reality. These quality measures are reliable provided that, first, the covariance matrix of the observations (the stochastic model) is well defined and second, the systematic effects are completely removed (i.e., the functional model is good). In the GPS precise point positioning (PPP) the stochastic and functional models are not as complicated as in the differential GPS processing. We will assess the quality of the GPS Precise Point Positioning in this thesis by trying to define more realistic standard deviations for the station position estimates. To refine the functional model from systematic errors, we have 1) used the phase observations to prevent introducing any hardware bias to the observation equations, 2) corrected observations for all systematic effects with amplitudes of more than 1cm, 3) used undifferenced observations to prevent having complications (e.g. linearly related parameters) in the system of observation equations. To have a realistic covariance matrix for the observations we have incorporated the ephemeris uncertainties into the system of observation equations. Based on the above-mentioned issues a PPP processing method is designed and numerically tested on the real data of some of the International GNSS Service stations. The results confirm that undifferenced stochastic-related properties (e.g. degrees of freedom) can be reliable means to recognize the parameterization problem in differenced observation equations. These results also imply that incorporation of the satellite ephemeris uncertainties might improve the estimates of the station positions. The effect of troposphere on the GPS data is also focused in this thesis. Of particular importance is the parameterization problem of the wet troposphere in the observation equations. / <p>QC 20130218</p>

Abstract Following the governor¡¦s policy to develop the competition and efficiency of the market¡Aevery industry goes into the liberalization and privatization all over the world¡Ait means to relieve the control and supervise of the market¡CThe power market of Taiwan also needs to follow the trend¡CExcept the relief of control and supervise¡Athe most important thing is to keep the balance of supply and demand¡Aas soon as relieving the whole power market¡Athat makes the customers of the power can have more choice¡C In order to keep the power supply stable¡Agovernor should establish a control and supervise department for increasing the competition and stability of the market¡CWe should open the information and use the theories of economic for attracting investors¡CWe need establish the frame of the power market of Taiwan due to the practice and experience of the relief of control and supervise in the developed countries¡CThe liberalization and privatization of the power industry is a gradual process and is done at the most suitable environment and time¡CSo we need to do the investigate of the factors which influence the liberalization and privatization of the power industry¡C When we relieve the control and supervise of the power market in Taiwan in the future¡Awe will face to many problems¡Asuch as the work right of the employee of Taipower¡Bstock offering¡Bthe stranded cost of Taipower¡Bthe long term contract of power purchase between Taipower and co-generators or independent power producers¡]I.P.P¡^¡Bthe power price of the secluded island and areas and the political mission which Taipower has been in charge till now¡Afor example¡Atake care of the development of industries¡Bfavored power price¡Bthe policy of energy¡C The excessive competition will loses the attraction of the investor and invalidate the market mechanism¡Afinally¡Athere will be a serious power shortage¡Awhich as the California of American¡CIf the control and supervise department of government is not good enough¡Ait will make the power supply short or excessive¡CThe power dispatching is also an important business¡Aif any trouble in the power dispatching ¡Athere will be a terrible blackout¡Afor example¡Athe terrible blackout on the northeast area of American and the Ontario province of Canada on 14 august¡A2003¡C The first strategy of the Taipower¡¦s liberalization and privatization is to reconstruct the organization¡Aovercome the inertia of organization and start a new mechanism¡CThe power generation department should raise the efficiency by change the old one to a new one¡Areduce the probability of breakdown¡Aincrease the availability¡FThe power transmission department should focus on the safety and quality of power transmission and management of block up¡Fthe power distribution and supply department should reinforce the customer service to get rid of the loss of customer¡C Keywords¡GIPP¡GIndependent Power Producer¡C ISO¡GIndependent System Operator¡C ESP¡GElectric Service Provider¡C PPP¡GPool Purchase Pricing¡C

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The objective of the thesis is to give answer to question wheatear planned line D of Prague's underground should be built and maintained by private partner (PPP solution) or by state itself. It additionally contains analysis of suitable technologies and theoretical background of analysis.

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1 Název diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce, abstrakt v anglickém jazyce a 3 klíčová slova v anglickém jazyce Legal aspects of PPP projects realization Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to investigate the legal area of PPP projects regulation and their potential use in the construction of highway infrastructure in the Czech Republic. The inadequate state of Czech highways and search for new financial resources opened again the topic of private capital use through PPP. PPP is an abbreviation for public-private partnership where a public service or specific infrastructure is provided by a private partner. The first part explains the characteristics of PPP projects and their possible advantages and disadvantages as well as a brief description of historical development and distribution of public- private partnerships into the common types used. The second part illuminates the legal aspects of realization by the individual phases of implementation. It starts with a selection process, deciding on what the project will be financed from. Furthermore, it is necessary to specify in the contract the rights and obligations of the parties. This is also associated with risk allocation. The next stage its the actual realization with which the treatment of risks, that have already occurred, is related. In addition,...

Thesis focuses on issues of inflation and risks in evaluation of PPP projects. It sets the basic assumptions and standards for risk identification and administration in PPP projects and furthermore discusses their impact on Value for money and Availability payment. The thesis sets the basic rules for incorporating the inflation and risks into the PPP alternative and sets the rules for economic evaluation of PPP against PSC alterantive (Public Sector Comparator). For the illustration a hypothetical project of construction of primary and secondary schools has been worked out. For the evaluation of economic impact and selection of PPP vs. PSC alternative a standard financial model has been prepared. It focuses on analyzing the Value for moeny and seting up the Availability payment.

Abstract The Purchasing power parity ¡]PPP¡^ theory was originally developed by a Swidish economist, Gustav Cassel, in 1916. It is a method using the long-run equilibrium exchange rate of two currencies to measure the currencies' purchasing power. It is based on the law of one price, the idea that, in an efficient market, identical goods must have only one price internationally. This parity is a central building block of many theoretical and empirical models of exchange rate determination, since most are relied on PPP as the basis for long-run real exchange rates. While the literature on the PPP hypothesis is voluminous today and still growing, the doctrine has not found well. The validity of PPP can be examined by testing the stationary of real exchange rates. Most of the empirical evidences relied mainly on using linear structure to explore PPP in the past. By using traditional unit root test, the PPP is hard to hold in the long run. There is a growing consensus that previous empirical research reflects the poor power of the tests rather necessarily against PPP. Therefore, the use of more powerful tests is needed. Recently, an alternative point of view based on the presence of market frictions that impede commodity trade has arisen. The adjustment of real exchange rates is perhaps described more appropriately as a nonlinear process once market frictions are taken into account. There are several reasons that theoretically explain why the adjustment process of deviations from PPP is nonlinear, such as transactions and transportation costs and tariffs and non-tariff barriers to international trade. Therefore, the analysis of real exchange rate should be conducted under the nonlinear structure. This study uses the STAR methodology proposed by Granger & Ter&#x00E4;svirta (1993) and Ter&#x00E4;svirta (1994) to examine whether the deviation of PPP is a nonlinear dynamic adjustment among the following countries: Australia, Denmark, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. If the linear hypothesis was rejected, then to distinguish if the model of STAR is LSTAR or ESTAR. This study finds that the deviations from equilibrium exchange rates show strong evidence of nonlinear properties. The deviations of exchange rates for all countries can be explained by the LSTAR model. In conclusion, this study finds the real exchange rates exhibit the property of nonlinear mean reversion for most countries.