Abstract Following the governor¡¦s policy to develop the competition and efficiency of the market¡Aevery industry goes into the liberalization and privatization all over the world¡Ait means to relieve the control and supervise of the market¡CThe power market of Taiwan also needs to follow the trend¡CExcept the relief of control and supervise¡Athe most important thing is to keep the balance of supply and demand¡Aas soon as relieving the whole power market¡Athat makes the customers of the power can have more choice¡C In order to keep the power supply stable¡Agovernor should establish a control and supervise department for increasing the competition and stability of the market¡CWe should open the information and use the theories of economic for attracting investors¡CWe need establish the frame of the power market of Taiwan due to the practice and experience of the relief of control and supervise in the developed countries¡CThe liberalization and privatization of the power industry is a gradual process and is done at the most suitable environment and time¡CSo we need to do the investigate of the factors which influence the liberalization and privatization of the power industry¡C When we relieve the control and supervise of the power market in Taiwan in the future¡Awe will face to many problems¡Asuch as the work right of the employee of Taipower¡Bstock offering¡Bthe stranded cost of Taipower¡Bthe long term contract of power purchase between Taipower and co-generators or independent power producers¡]I.P.P¡^¡Bthe power price of the secluded island and areas and the political mission which Taipower has been in charge till now¡Afor example¡Atake care of the development of industries¡Bfavored power price¡Bthe policy of energy¡C The excessive competition will loses the attraction of the investor and invalidate the market mechanism¡Afinally¡Athere will be a serious power shortage¡Awhich as the California of American¡CIf the control and supervise department of government is not good enough¡Ait will make the power supply short or excessive¡CThe power dispatching is also an important business¡Aif any trouble in the power dispatching ¡Athere will be a terrible blackout¡Afor example¡Athe terrible blackout on the northeast area of American and the Ontario province of Canada on 14 august¡A2003¡C The first strategy of the Taipower¡¦s liberalization and privatization is to reconstruct the organization¡Aovercome the inertia of organization and start a new mechanism¡CThe power generation department should raise the efficiency by change the old one to a new one¡Areduce the probability of breakdown¡Aincrease the availability¡FThe power transmission department should focus on the safety and quality of power transmission and management of block up¡Fthe power distribution and supply department should reinforce the customer service to get rid of the loss of customer¡C Keywords¡GIPP¡GIndependent Power Producer¡C ISO¡GIndependent System Operator¡C ESP¡GElectric Service Provider¡C PPP¡GPool Purchase Pricing¡C

Yes / Orientation direction dependency of whitening activated at large strains was studied using four pre-oriented isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples with different molecular weights stretched along different directions with respect to the pre-orientation (0°, 45°, and 90°) by means of in situ wide-, small-, and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. A macroscopic fracture of iPP materials was also observed following the stress whitening at large strains. These two associated processes in pre-oriented iPP samples at elevated temperatures were found to be governed by not only the molecular weight of iPP but also the pre-orientation direction. For a certain pre-orientation direction of iPP, both the critical stress of cavitation induced-whitening and failure stress increased with increasing molecular weight. For one given molecular weight, the pre-oriented iPP showed the smallest critical stress for whitening and failure stress along the pre-orientation direction (0°) while the samples displayed larger values for the same behaviors when stretched at 45° or 90° with respect to the pre-orientation direction. Such behavior suggested that oriented amorphous networks, with different mechanical strengths, can be generated during the second deformation processes in these pre-oriented iPP samples. The evolution of inter-fibrillar tie chains in highly oriented amorphous networks was considered as the main factor controlling the response of the inner network to the external stress since the cavitation-induced whitening activated at large strains was caused by the failure of load bearing inter-fibrillar tie chains in the oriented amorphous network.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / A novel satellite multiple access scheme called PR-CFDAMA (Predictive Request-Combined Free/Demand Assignment Multiple Access) is proposed in this paper. The delay performances between PR-CFDAMA and R-CFDAMA (Round Robin-CFDAMA) scheme were compared by computer simulation. Simulations were carried out with the Interrupted Poisson Process (IPP) and Interrupted Fluid Process (IFP) traffic models. Simulation results demonstrate that comparing with R-CFDAMA scheme, the PR-CFDAMA scheme achieves a lower delay, meets a much lower delay constraint.

We study codes that have identifiable parent property. Such codes are called IPP codes. Research on IPP codes is motivated by design of schemes that protect against piracy of digital products. Construction and decoding of maximum IPP codes have been studied in rich literature. General bounds on F(n,q), the maximum size of IPP codes of length n over an alphabet with q elements, have been obtained through the use of techniques from graph theory and combinatorial design. Improved bounds on F(3,q) and F(4,q) are obtained. Probabilistic techniques are also used to prove the existence of certain IPP codes. We prove a precise formula for F(3,q), construct maximum IPP codes with size F(3,q), and give an efficient decoding algorithm for such codes. The main techniques used in this thesis are from graph theory and nonlinear optimization. Our approach may be used to improve bounds on F(2k+1, q). For example, we characterize the associated graphs of maximum IPP codes of length 5, and obtain bounds on F(5,q).

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2015. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-10-29T18:00:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_PatríciaGrandizoliSaletti.pdf: 47057297 bytes, checksum: f3315f28ce8b31713e5d97266adc91b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marília Freitas(marilia@bce.unb.br) on 2015-12-20T16:34:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_PatríciaGrandizoliSaletti.pdf: 47057297 bytes, checksum: f3315f28ce8b31713e5d97266adc91b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-20T16:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_PatríciaGrandizoliSaletti.pdf: 47057297 bytes, checksum: f3315f28ce8b31713e5d97266adc91b6 (MD5) / O reflexo de sobressalto acústico é uma resposta primitiva de defesa dos animais após um estímulo sonoro intenso e repentino. Essa resposta é inibida quando um estímulo de baixa intensidade é apresentado previamente. A inibição por pré-pulso (IPP) da reposta de sobressalto é uma maneira de mensurar o filtro sensório-motor, mecanismo utilizado para filtrar o excesso de informação do meio. O teste de IPP é muito utilizado de forma experimental para testar déficits no filtro sensório-motor em modelos animais. Alguns transtornos neurológicos humanos apresentam danos na resposta de IPP, como por exemplo a esquizofrenia, devido a déficits no funcionamento do filtro sensório-motor comuns em pacientes com esse transtorno. Algumas drogas podem ser utilizadas para gerar efeitos esquizotípicos, como antagonistas de receptores glutamatérgicos NMDA. Sabe-se que essas drogas causam déficits no teste de IPP em roedores. Com a validação de um protocolo experimental que envolve a resposta de IPP é possível realizar testes de substâncias que provocam efeitos esquizotípicos, bem como substâncias que apresentam características antipsicóticas. Geralmente os animais utilizados como modelos de esquizofrenia são roedores e poucos estudos tem sido realizados para avaliar o efeito de substâncias no teste de IPP em primatas nãohumanos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um teste de IPP para ser utilizado em macacos-pregos (Sapajus spp.). Além disso, objetivou-se avaliar o papel do colículo superior na resposta de IPP e testar os efeitos de dois fármacos, a dizocilpina (MK-801) e o canabidiol na medida de IPP desses primatas. Para isso, esse trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos. O estudo 1 avaliou a resposta de IPP em oito macacos-pregos utilizando um protocolo experimental que mensura o movimento do corpo do animal. Após essa primeira análise, dois animais com lesão no colículo superior, dois animais submetidos à lesão fictícia e os oito macacos acima citados foram testados nesse protocolo para que fosse identificada alguma alteração na resposta de IPP. Os resultados do primeiro estudo mostraram que o gênero Sapajus segue o mesmo padrão de resposta de IPP que outros primatas não-humanos. Observamos que as intensidades de 115 dB e 80 dB foram suficientes para gerar sobressalto e inibir essa resposta, respectivamente. Além disso, observamos que o intervalo entre os dois estímulos apresentados que melhor inibiu a resposta de sobressalto foi o de 120 ms. Os animais com lesão no colículo superior apresentaram uma tendência a diminuição da IPP corroborando estudos realizados em roedores, que indicam participação dessa estrutura cerebral na via neural da IPP. O estudo 2 foi realizado para determinar os efeitos do MK 801 e do canabidiol na resposta de IPP em primatas não-humanos. Novamente, oito macacos-pregos foram submetidos ao teste após administrações das drogas. O MK-801 foi administrado em três diferentes doses (0,01; 0,02; 0,03 mg/kg) antes do teste de IPP. Após algumas semanas os animais foram submetidos ao teste após o tratamento com canabidiol também em três doses (15, 30, 60 mg/kg). Posteriormente, os animais receberam MK-801 por quatro semanas consecutivas e foram expostos ao teste de IPP. Na quarta semana, além do MK-801, os animais foram pré-tratados com canabidiol e submetidos ao teste de IPP. Os resultados do estudo 2 mostraram que a MK-801, na maior dose testada diminuiu a resposta de IPP nos macacos de forma aguda. Entretanto, ao contrário do que é observado em roedores, a administração repetida do MK-801, concomitantemente ao teste de IPP, gerou uma interação droga-treino que reverteu o efeito inicial gerado pelo MK-801. Devido a isso, não foi possível detectar efeito antipsicótico do canabidiol. Porém, corroborando estudos prévios realizados em roedores, o canabidiol isoladamente não alterou a resposta de IPP dos macacos-pregos. Concluímos assim, que animais do gênero Sapajus são bons modelos experimentais para o teste de IPP e que o MK-801 pode ser utilizado para gerar déficits de IPP de forma aguda nesses animais para avaliação de antipsicóticos. O processo de habituação observado nos animais indica que efeitos adversos do MK-801, como prejuízo no filtro sensório-motor, podem ser reduzidos pela tolerância e pela familiarização ao teste de IPP. Ademais foi possível identificar diferenças neurofarmacológicas entre roedores e primatas e a importância desses animais para pesquisas básicas e testes pré-clinicos. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The acoustic startle reflex is a primitive defense response in animals that occurs after an intense and sudden acoustic stimulus. This response can be inhibited when a low stimulus is presented previously. The prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is a useful way to measure sensorimotor gating mechanisms. This mechanism protects against an excess of information. PPI test is widely used experimentally to test deficits in sensorimotor gating in animal models. PPI deficits are commonly observed in some human neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, due to damage in sensorimotor gating caused by cognitive deficits. Some drugs can be used to induce schizophrenic-like effects, such as NMDA receptor antagonists. These drugs induce deficits in PPI response in rodents. Validation of an experimental protocol on PPI response makes it possible to perform tests on substances that cause schizophrenic-like effects, as well as compounds with antipsychotic properties. Studies usually employ rodents as experimental models of schizophrenia and only few studies have been performed with nonhuman primates to test pharmacological effects in the PPI paradigm. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a PPI test to be applied in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) to evaluate the role of the superior colliculus in PPI response and test the effects of two drugs in these animals: dizocilpine (MK-801) and cannabidiol. Therefore, two studies were conducted. The first study characterized the PPI response of eight capuchin monkeys using a whole-body prepulse inhibition protocol. After that, two animals with superior colliculus (SC) lesion, two SC sham lesion and the eight monkeys cited above were tested to evaluate the role of this brain structure in the PPI response. Results showed that Sapajus follows the same PPI pattern as other nonhuman primates. The intensities of 115 dB and 80 dB were sufficient to induce a startle response and to inhibit this response, respectively. We also observed that 120 ms was the best interstimuli interval for PPI. Animals with superior colliculus lesion showed a downward tendency of PPI response, corroborating studies in rodents that indicate a participation of this brain structure in the neural pathway of PPI. The second study was conducted to determine the effects of MK-801 and cannabidiol on nonhuman primates’ PPI response. MK-801 was administered in three different doses (0.01; 0.02; 0.03 mg/kg) before the PPI assay. After a few weeks, the animals were submitted to PPI test after receiving cannabidiol also in three doses (15, 30, 60 mg/kg). Subsequently, animals received MK-801 during four consecutive weeks and were then exposed to the PPI test. On the fourth week, subjects were pre-treated with cannabidiol before the MK-801 administration and then the PPI test was performed. Results from the second study demonstrated that MK-801, at the dose of 0.03 mg/kg, decreased the PPI response of an acute administration. However, repeated administration of MK-801 throughout the PPI test induced a drug-training interaction that reversed the effects of MK- 801 on PPI disruption, unlike reports in rodents. As such it was not possible to detect an antipsychotic effect for cannabidiol. However, cannabidiol alone did not change the PPI response in the capuchin monkeys, corroborating previous studies in rodents. Therefore, we conclude that capuchin monkeys are useful experimental models to test PPI response. Moreover, MK-801 can be used to induce PPI deficits in this species. The habituation process observed in our study indicates that the adverse effects of MK-801, as sensorimotor gating impairments, may be reduced by MK-801 tolerance effect such as after familiarization with the PPI test. Furthermore, our results underscore neuropharmacological differences between rodents and nonhuman primates and the importance of primates in basic research and preclinical assays.

No / This study investigates the influence of length scale effects (micro- and macro-injection molded parts) and mold temperature on the epitaxial growth and morphological characteristics in injection-molded bars of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends. After preparing the blends with an iPP content of 70 wt% via melt extrusion, the injection-molded bars were formed using both micro and conventional injection molding. Samples were subsequently prepared from the moulded components to allow investigation of the internal morphology using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The results indicated that the matching of micro scale and appropriate mold temperature was most favorable for epitaxial crystallization. The micro-parts had a large fraction of shear layer compared with macro-parts. The SEM observations showed that the shear layer of the former consisted of a highly oriented shish-kebab structure. Moreover, the effects of different methods of injection molding on the morphological characteristics of the micro-parts and macro-parts in different layers were elucidated in detail using PLM and SEM.

Yes / Cavitation is an important phenomenon in solid-phase deformation of polymers, which either has potential adverse effects on physical properties or creates potential opportunities for new properties. In either case, it needs to be better understood to help achieve better control of cavitation and its effects. Cavitation associated with solid-phase deformation in a β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene was found to depend on the solid-phase deformation route employed. Compared with samples obtained by free tensile stretching, cavitation was suppressed in samples deformed via die-drawing, although an almost identical β-to α-phase transition was observed for both deformation routes. Even when die-drawn samples were subsequently deformed to large strains by free stretching, there was still no comparable cavitation compared with the single free tensile-stretching route. The die-drawing process appears to suppress cavitation by fundamentally diminishing the number of growable nuclei of cavities, rather than merely hindering the growth of cavities. A relationship between cavitation intensity and the fractions of lamellae along specific directions has been established. During subsequent free stretching of die-drawn samples, newly created cavities were suggested to be initiated within the crystalline layers. The reduction of the cavity nuclei in the die-drawing process originated from the stabilization of the connections between the crystalline blocks within the lamellae. / This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21704102 and 51525305), Newton Advanced Fellowship of the Royal Society, United Kingdom (NA 150222) and ExxonMobil.

No description available.

No / Crystallization of an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homopolymer and two propylene/ethylene random copolymers (RACO), induced by high-stress shear, was studied using in situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) at 137 °C. The “depth sectioning” method (Fernandez-Ballester Journal of Rheology 2009, 53 (5), 1229−1254) was applied in order to isolate the contributions of different layers in the stress gradient direction and to relate specific structural evolution to the corresponding local stress. This approach gives quantitative results in terms of the specific length of fibrillar nuclei as a function of the applied stress. As expected, crystallization becomes faster with increasing stress—from the inner to the outer layer—for all three materials. Stress-induced crystallization in a RACO with 7.3 mol % ethylene content was triggered at only 1 °C below its nominal melting temperature. The comparison of iPP and RACO’s with 3.4 and 7.3 mol % ethylene monomer reveals the effect of ethylene defects on high-stress shear induced crystallization at 137 °C. It is found that, for a given applied stress, the specific nuclei length formed by flow increases with ethylene content—which is attributed to a greater high molecular weight tail. However, the linear growth rate is significantly reduced by the presence of ethylene comonomers and it is found that this effect dominates the overall crystallization kinetics. Finally, a time lag is found between development of parent lamellae and the emergence of daughter lamellae, consistent with the concept of daughter lamellae nucleated by homoepitaxy on the lateral faces of existing parent lamellae.

The thesis examines two related combinatorial objects, namely fingerprinting codes and separating hash families. Fingerprinting codes are combinatorial objects that have been studied for more than 15 years due to their applications in digital data copyright protection and their combinatorial interest. Four well-known types of fingerprinting codes are studied in this thesis; traceability, identifiable parent property, secure frameproof and frameproof. Each type of code is named after the security properties it guarantees. However, the power of these four types of fingerprinting codes is limited by a certain condition. The first known attempt to go beyond that came out in the concept of two-level traceability codes, introduced by Anthapadmanabhan and Barg (2009). This thesis extends their work to the other three types of fingerprinting codes, so in this thesis four types of two-level fingerprinting codes are defined. In addition, the relationships between the different types of codes are studied. We propose some first explicit non-trivial con- structions for two-level fingerprinting codes and provide some bounds on the size of these codes. Separating hash families were introduced by Stinson, van Trung, and Wei as a tool for creating an explicit construction for frameproof codes in 1998. In this thesis, we state a new definition of separating hash families, and mainly focus on improving previously known bounds for separating hash families in some special cases that related to fingerprinting codes. We improve upper bounds on the size of frameproof and secure frameproof codes under the language of separating hash families.