By manipulating constraints and goals, this study had generated some ill-posed problems in "Fractions" which were packed into 2 mathematical tasks for teacher uses in an intended exploration of their perceived effectiveness of teaching mathematical problem-solving against their student responses through the lens of the theory of formative assessment. Each ill-posed problem was characterized by certain descriptive "instability" that users would have to define own sets of mathematical assumptions for problem-solving inquiries. 3 highly qualified, experienced, and trained mathematics teachers were purposefully recruited, and instructed to acquire and mark student responses without any prior teaching and intervention. Each of these teachers' perceptions of ill-posed problems was acquired through a semi-structured clinical case-interview. All teachers in common demonstrated only individual singular mathematical problem-solving inquiries as major instructional adjustments during evaluation, even though individuals had ample opportunities in manipulating the described intention of each problem. Although some could realize inquiries from students being alternative to own used, not all would intend to change initial instructional plans of each problem and could design dedicated tasks in extending given problem-solving contexts for subsequent teaching and maintaining the described problem-solving intentions merely because of evaluation purposes. The resulting thick teacher perceptions were then analyzed by the Mayring's (2015) Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method for exploring particularly those who could intend to influence and get influenced by students' used mathematical assumptions in interviews. Certain unanticipated uses of assumptions of student individuals and groups were evidently found to have influenced cognitively some teachers' further problem-solving inquiries at some interview instants and stimulated their perception changes. In the lack of subject implementation in mathematics education for the theory of "formative" assessment (Black & Wiliam, 2009), based on its definition, these instants should be put as their potential creations of and/or capitalizations upon certain asynchronous moments of contingency according to their planning of instructional adjustments for more comprehensive learning and definite growths of mathematical inquiries of students according to individuals' needs of problem-solving. Due to QCA, these perception changes might be characterized by four certain inductively formed categories of scenarios of perceptions, which were summarized as 1) Evaluation Perception, 2) Assumption Expansion Perception, 3) Assumption Collection Perception, and 4) Intention Indecision Perception. These scenarios of perceptions might be used to explore teachers' intentions, actions, and coherency in accounting for students' used assumptions in mathematical inquiries for given problem-solving contexts and extensions of given intentions of mathematical inquiries, particularly in their designs of mathematical tasks. Teacher uses of ill-posed problems were shown to have provided certain evidences in implementing formative assessments which should substantiate a subject implementation of its theory in the discipline of mathematics education. Methodologically, the current study also substantiate how theory-guided designs of ill-posed problems as well as generic plain text analysis through QCA have facilitate effectiveness comparisons of instructional adjustments within a teacher, across different teachers, decided prior knowledge, students of prior mathematical learning experiences, and students in different levels of schooling and class size.

Kiribati, a small and low lying island country located on the equator, is vulnerable to impact of Global Warming. In response, Kiribati¡¦s Government continues and remains firm to fight the increase of pollution gases. Rather than just fighting using words, Kiribati seriously takes into consideration issues which promote the use of clean energy in all aspects. .This thesis emphasizes the use of large scale photovoltaic (PV) installation as a clean energy source that may help contribute in the total energy demand for this island. Here, a large photovoltaic generation system as a Distribution Generation (DG) to feed main utility network (i.e. PUB) on the island, assumed to be constructed in the National Main Stadium (NMS) at Betio Town as the DG Interconnection site, is analyzed. This PVGS has been investigated from two different perspectives: 1) Independent Power Producer (IPP) point of view, which is the design of the selling price of PV power generation and 2) Utility point of view, which is the design of saving costs incurred from PVGS contribution. PV power generation is simulated according to the hourly solar irradiation and temperature provided by the Weather Office in Kiribati. The cash flow of annual power generation, the operation and maintenance costs and the capital investment cost of the PVGS are then used to derive the payback time (PBT) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for the PVGS under different selling price of PV power generation. The voltage variation and the system losses of the distribution feeder, which serves the National Stadium, are also evaluated by executing the load flow analysis for the impact analysis of the PVGS. Results indicate that the reduction of voltage variation and system¡¦s losses can be obtained with the PVGS installed to provide the dispersed generation for the local loads. However, the PVGS penetration is limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent PV power generation. The selling price of PV generation has to be designed according to the conditions of solar irradiation and temperature so that sufficient incentives can be provided.

Electricity power is an irreplaceable resource in industry for a country. Enough and steady-offered electricity is also the support to develop not only traditional industry but high technology industry. Taiwan is a place, where is lacking of natural resources. There is only 3 % of which can be self ¡Vcontained. In fact, electricity power plays one of important roles in achieving ¡§Economic Miracle of Taiwan.¡¨ Basically, electricity power embraces three parts of power generation, power transmission, and distribution. And it is managed by the way of vertically integration. Traditionally, electricity power is assorted into public utility because of its huge principal and social resources, even concerning with the economy and society of the country and is governed and controlled by the government. Whatever country promotes electricity liberalization, the government and the academic put their eye on foster the total efficiency of management through market mechanisms. Electricity liberalization has been working for more than twenty years. Of course, there are some successful cases, for example, like England, Australia, and etc. They do benefit from increasing the occurrence, the efficiency, and decrease the price after operating electricity liberalization. As to Taiwan, the government has the same policy on it, too. The amendments are under discussion in The Legislative Yuan. By referencing to electricity liberalization of other countries and comparing their experiences with Taiwan, the questions below are searched in this thesis. First, does the policy in Taiwan really satisfy the essence of electricity liberalization? Second, could power generation, power transmission, and distribution of the electricity industry be operated by vertically integrated way? After electricity liberalization, it is important that how to do could get good combined with competition of the market, the offer of steady electricity and the society justice. If not, how to modify the rules would satisfy the needs of country development and expectations of the society.

The aim of the presented work is to demonstrate and evaluate the contribution of computing system SIMD especially units MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3 and SSE4 from Intel company, by creation of demostrating applications with using Intel Integrated Performance Primitives library. At first, possibilities of SIMD programming using intrinsic function, vektorization and libraries Intel Integrated Performance Primitives are presented, as next are descibed options of evaluation of particular algorithms. Finally procedure of programing by using Intel Integrated Performance Primitives library are ilustrated.

The aim of this work is to create a simple raytracer with IPP library, which will use the frameless rendering technique. The first part of this work focuses on the raytracing method. The next part analyzes the frameless rendering technique and its adaptive version with focus on adaptive sampling. Third part describes the IPP library and implementation of a simple raytracer using this library. The last part evaluates the speed and rendering quality of the implemented system.

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013 / The development of power electronics did remove most of technical limitations that high voltage direct current (HVDC) used to have. HVDC, now, is mostly used for the transmission of bulk power over long distances and for the interconnection of asynchronous grid. Along with the development of the HVDC, the growth of power demand also increased beyond the utilities capacities. Besides the on-going increasing of power demand, the reforms in electricity market have led to the liberalization and the incorporation of Independent power providers in power system operation. Regulations and rules have been established by regulating authority for grid integration of Independent power providers. With the expected increase of penetration level of those new independent power providers, result of economic reason and actual green energy trend, best method of integration of those new power plants are required. In this research HVDC technology, namely VSC-HVDC is used as interface for connecting independent power providers units to the grid. VSC-HVDC has various advantages such as short-circuit contribution and independent control of active and reactive power. VSC-HVDC advantages are used for a safe integration of IPPs and make them participate to grid stabilization. MATLAB/Simulink simulations of different grid connected, through VSC-HVDC system, IPPs technologies models are performed. For each IPP technology model, system model performances are studied and dynamics responses during the disturbance are analyzed in MATLAB/ Simulink program. The simulation results show that the model satisfy the standard imposed by the regulating authority in terms of power quality and grid support. Also the results show the effect of the VSC-HVDC in preventing faults propagation from grid to integrated IPPs units.

Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur Rechnernetze (Fakultaet Informatik) der TU Chemnitz. Globales Thema: Produktive und sichere Netzanwendungen

Issues related to research methodology increasingly occupy a central role in the field of International Positioning Process. It is becoming clear that greater attention to methodological issues is essential for the development of this field into a management discipline. Many efforts have been made to distinguish the disciplines/practices in international business. However, the field is still criticized for lack of theories and absence of paradigm. A recent survey of literature noted that the field has made more progress in finding research questions than in answering them, one of them being Identifying Dimensions for the International Positioning Process (IPP) for defence goods. This is largely because of lack of a theoretical foundation continued to plague international business research. Research in International Business is at critical crossroad today, with increased emphasis on developing theoretical concepts and testing empirical relationships rooted in such concepts. Such a transformation critically depends on conceptualizing and operationalizing the derivative constructs in an international business environment. This is motivated by management’s desire to gain profits and competitive advantage through appropriate market selection, right market entry mode decision and competitive positioning techniques. The combination of these three aspects of international business, leads to the development of the concept, called International positioning process (IPP). While researchers have made significant efforts on new techniques and approaches of international positioning processes, certain important issues remain largely unexplored. First, it is not challenging to find methodologies and approaches for market selection, entry mode choice and global competitive advantage, but in understanding how to blend them together for tailoring IPP. There is a need for developing holistic model for customized IPP that aims on translating positioning process into global competitive advantage. Another observable omission in the past literature is the missing link among three components of positioning process: market selection, entry mode choice and competitive positioning. To address this neglect, the present study attempts to develop a model for global positioning process. Development of a significant bond among three components of global positioning process, not only creates harmony among them, but aims to make IPP more effective. The study aims to develop set of dimensions for the construct, international positioning process (IPP). Specifically the objectives of this study are as under, • To conceptualize a multi- variable construct IPP. • To develop information framework for IPP. • To evaluate/analyze the dimensions developed for IPP, such that they satisfactorily fulfill reliability properties. • To differentiate IPP across industries and develop generic and industry- specific model. • To operationalise the model for defence industry. • To evolve comprehensive set of conclusions for IPP. In an attempt to achieve these objectives, this study attempts to integrate three aspects of international business: market selection, entry mode decision and competitive positioning of goods/services, and evolved the concept of International Positioning Process. The study identifies 91 variables for IPP through exhaustive literature review and develops an information framework that comprises four cardinal dimensions, twelve adjuvant dimensions and 35 decision variables. The information mentioned in the framework, is evaluated using statistical tool package – R, and refined using factor analysis. The primary data was collected using structured questionnaire by eliciting response from 329 International Business Companies (IBCs) which are involved in international business. The data of 329 IBCs explored that all the four cardinal dimensions, mentioned in the framework, are the reliable steps for IPP. The outcome of analysis develops the generic model for IPP that comprises 19 highly influencing decision variables in contrast to 91 variables available in the literature, which are finally summarized into 4 statistically significant steps for effective IPP. To tailor the customised and industry specific model for IPP, it was imperative to study how IPP differs across the industries. The difference in international positioning paradigm across the industries, analysed with multivariate discriminant analysis, one way ANOVA and factor analysis, indicates defence industry as most sensitive for making international business decisions. It evolves that defence industry seeks more safe, focused and efficient international positioning strategy for the international positioning of its products. This study attempts to customize the IPP model for defence goods which has not been addressed in the literature yet. The study explores set of highly influencing decision variables for international positioning of defence products, which are finally summarized into 4 statistically significant steps. The model is operationalised for Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) of India. It assesses international marketing capability of DRDO, identifies suitable markets, and makes decision for appropriate market entry modes and competitive positioning of selected defence goods. The study evolved five most suitable international markets for selected DRDO systems. Risk analysis is performed for all the identified markets to evaluate suitability of the market and to decide entry modes. The IPP model for defence industry is successfully implemented in one of the identified markets i.e. Malaysia, for the target DRDO systems. The study evolves that defence organizations attain more effectiveness in international positioning process through holistic mode as compared to extended & traditional modes. However, like any other study this does provide scope for further research and IPP can be a candidate for further extensions and refinements.

Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur Rechnernetze (Fakultaet Informatik) der TU Chemnitz. Globales Thema: Produktive und sichere Netzanwendungen

Tortilla sales are projected to exceed 9.5 billion by 2014. However, currently no wheat cultivars have been identified that possess the intrinsic quality attributes needed for the production of optimum quality tortillas. Tortillas made with refined wheat flour low in dietary fiber (DF) are popular in the United States due to their sensory properties. This study explored the use of wheat lines (WL) possessing variations in high molecular weight glutenin allele sub-units (HMW-GS) for production of tortillas and also investigated the use of corn based resistant starches (RS), type II (RS2) and wheat based RS type IV (RS4) to increase DF in tortillas. Tortillas were made with 0-15 percent RS and 100 percent whole white wheat (WW). Flour protein profiles, dough, and tortilla properties were evaluated to determine the effects of the allelic variations and RS substitution on tortilla quality. Sensory properties of tortillas with RS were determined. Variations in HMW-GS composition significantly affected the protein quality and tortilla properties. Flour from WL possessing allelic combinations (2*, 17+18, 7, 2+12), (1, 17+18, 5+10), (2*, 17, 2+12) and (1, 2*, 17+18, 2+12) had 12.8-13.3 percent protein. These WL had extensible doughs and produced large diameter tortillas with superior (greater than or equal to 3.0) flexibility after 16 days compared to control. However, WL with (17+18 and 5+10) and (2*, 17+7, 5) produced extensible doughs, large, but less flexible, tortillas compared to control. WL with (2*,17+18,5+10) and (1,2*,7+9,5+10) produced smaller diameter tortillas, but with superior flexibility compared to control. RS2, WW, and cross-linked-pre-gelatinized RS4 (FiberRite) produced hard, less-extensible doughs and thinner tortillas compared to control, due to high water absorption. Cross-linked RS4 (Fibersym) dough and tortillas were comparable to control. 15 percent of RS2 and RS4 increase DF in control to 6 and 14 percent respectively, compare to control (2.8 percent DF). WW tortillas were less acceptable than control in appearance, flavor and texture, while tortillas with 15 percent Fibersym had higher overall acceptability than control. RS2 negatively affected dough machinability and tortilla shelf stability. However, 15 percent RS4 improved the DF in refined flour tortillas to meet FDA's "good source of fiber claim," without negatively affecting dough/tortilla quality.