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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The spatial variation of plant-available nitrogen within arable fields

Baxter, Samantha Jayne January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
2

Engineering applications of soil information system (sis): precision irrigation and drainage systems design

Ceylan, Bilge Kagan 15 May 2009 (has links)
The objectives of this internship were to demonstrate and apply the knowledge and technical training obtained during Doctor of Engineering coursework and to become familiar with the organizational approach to problems. These objectives were fulfilled in three commercial research and development projects in the field of precision agriculture. The first project involved optimization of a center pivot irrigation system in coordination with the system’s manufacturing company in order to apply irrigation water to maintain uniform soil water content across the field. An optimization-simulation model was developed for this purpose using a dynamic programming approach. The simulations run by the optimization model showed that the existing pivot speed prescription resulted in a more uniform soil water content across the field reducing the crop yield losses. The objective of the second internship project was to analyze the agricultural drainage industry for identification of the potential applications of the spatial soil information into agricultural drainage design and construction. In order to accomplish this task, a comprehensive literature survey was conducted with an emphasis on the drainage approximate equation and numerical methods. Software tools that are currently employed in drainage design and construction were evaluated. A detailed market analysis was conducted with a focus on the industry stakeholders. A strategic strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis was conducted for the agricultural drainage industry using Porter’s five forces method. The last internship project involved investigation of the potential for using soil information obtained by SIS in the assessment of soil salinity. A correlation analysis was conducted between the soil paste extract electrical conductivity values measured in the laboratory on collected soil samples and those estimated using the soil resistivity values collected by the SIS, which is a measure of soil salinity. The results showed no clear correlations. While the internship projects provided the intern the opportunity to apply some of the analytical methods learned as part of the Doctor of Engineering coursework, they also provided invaluable experience for the intern to understand research and development projects in a business environment, which was one of the major objectives of the internship.
3

The development and evaluation of computer vision algorithms for the control of an autonomous horticultural vehicle

Southall, John Benjamin January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
4

Unmanned Aerial System for Monitoring Crop Status

Rogers, Donald Ray III 11 January 2014 (has links)
As the cost of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and their sensing payloads decrease the practical applications for such systems have begun expanding rapidly. Couple the decreased cost of UAS with the need for increased crop yields under minimal applications of agrochemicals, and the immense potential for UAS in commercial agriculture becomes immediately apparent. What the agriculture community needs is a cost effective method for the field-wide monitoring of crops in order to determine the precise application of fertilizers and pesticides to reduce their use and prevent environmental pollution. To that end, this thesis presents an unmanned aerial system aimed at monitoring a crop's status. The system presented uses a Yamaha RMAX unmanned helicopter, operated by Virginia Tech']s Unmanned Systems Lab (USL), as the base platform. Integrated with helicopter is a dual-band multispectral camera that simultaneously captures images in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectrums. The UAS is flown over a quarter acre corn crop undergoing a fertilizer rate study of two hybrids. Images gathered by the camera are post-processed to form a Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) image. The NDVI images are used to detect the most nutrient deficient corn of the study with a 5% margin of error. Average NDVI calculated from the images correlates well to measured grain yield and accurately identifies when one hybrid reaches its yield plateau. A secondary test flight over a late-season tobacco field illustrates the system's capabilities to identify blocks of highly stressed crops. Finally, a method for segmenting bleached tobacco leaves from green leaves is presented, and the segmentation results are able to provide a reasonable estimation of the bleached tobacco content per image. / Master of Science
5

A Conceptual Design and Economic Analysis of a Small Autonomous Harvester

French Jr, William David 30 April 2014 (has links)
Current trends in agricultural equipment have led to an increasing degree of autonomy. As the state of the art progresses towards fully autonomous vehicles, it is important to consider assumptions implicit in the design of these vehicles. Current automation in harvesters have led to increased sensing and automation on current combines, but no published research examines the effect of machine size on the viability of the autonomous system. The question this thesis examines is: if a human is no longer required to operate an individual harvester, is it possible to build smaller equipment that is still economically viable? This thesis examines the appropriateness of automating these machines by developing a conceptual model for smaller, fully autonomous harvesters. This model includes the basic mechanical subsystems, a conceptual software design, and an economic model of the total cost of ownership. The result of this conceptual design and analysis is a greater understanding of the role of autonomy in harvest. By comparing machine size, machine function, and the costs to own and operate this equipment, design guidelines for future autonomous systems are better understood. It is possible to build an autonomous harvesting system that can compete with current technologies in both harvest speed and overall cost of ownership. / Master of Science
6

Precision Agriculture Technology Adoption and Usage in North Dakota

Cossette, Maximillion Kirk January 2019 (has links)
The world population is projected to rise, and there is a growing concern of future food availability. Precision agriculture technologies are one solution to this problem as they aim to produce more food on less land. This study examines the adoption and intensity of precision agriculture technology usage by producers in North Dakota. Data from a North Dakota State University survey was collected and analyzed using an econometric double-hurdle model. Results of the study describe which producers adopt precision agriculture technologies, which technologies complement each other, and what affects the intensity of technology usage. Several technologies were found to have complementary effects on each other, larger farms are more likely to adopt PATs, and crop choices have varying impacts on the adoption and usage of PATs. Most of these findings agree with previous literature, although new light was shed on some new findings and predictions.
7

Integrating Variable Rate Technologies for Soil-applied Herbicides in Arizona Vegetable Production

Nolte, Kurt, Siemens, Mark C., Andrade-Sanchez, Pedro 02 1900 (has links)
5 pp. / Precision herbicide application is an effective tool for placing soil incorporated herbicides which have a tendency for soil adherence. And while field implementation depends on previous knowledge of soil textural variability (soil test and texture evaluations), site-specific technologies show promise for Arizona vegetable producers in non-uniform soils. Regardless of the method used for textural characterization, growers should keep in mind that textural differences do not change in the short/medium term, so the costs associated with defining texture-based management zones can be spread over many years.
8

Avaliação de desempenho de receptores de GPS em modo estático e cinemático / Performance evaluation of GPS receivers under static and cinematic conditions

Machado, Thiago Martins 24 October 2008 (has links)
São inúmeras as atividades que fazem uso do sistema Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS, sendo o Global Positioning System - GPS, desenvolvido pelos Estados Unidos, o mais utilizado. Na área de agricultura de precisão há a necessidade de posicionamento estático e cinemático com demandas de distintos níveis de acurácia e precisão para diferentes aplicações. A deficiência de informações técnicas dos fabricantes causa incertezas nos usuários, quanto à classe de receptor a ser utilizado para determinadas atividades agrícolas. Por esses motivos os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar o uso de correções diferenciais através de ensaio estático, testar o uso do receptor GPS RTK como referência para avaliar o desempenho de receptores de baixo custo em condição cinemática e desenvolver uma plataforma instrumentada para avaliar os receptores de GPS sob condição cinemática representativa para operações agrícolas. No primeiro caso foram realizados ensaios com oito receptores, sobre uma torre livre de impedimentos físicos, na qual foi montada uma plataforma em formato de cruz e nos receptores foram ativadas e desativadas as correções diferenciais WAAS, EGNOS, SF1 e SF2 e também testadas as várias intensidades de filtragem disponíveis em alguns dos receptores. No ensaio cinemático utilizando um receptor GPS RTK como referência foram utilizados dois receptores de navegação, fixados sobre a cabine de um trator e foram coletados dados com diferentes freqüências. Para ensaios cinemáticos foi construída uma plataforma móvel instrumentada com um detector óptico de pulsos (encoder), um sensor foto elétrico e dois coletores de dados responsáveis por realizar o sincronismo entre os pulsos do encoder e as atualizações da sentença do GPS e armazenamento dos dados. Assim foi possível determinar as coordenadas de referência para o cálculo dos erros de precisão e acurácia do receptor GPS submetido à avaliação. Na avaliação dos receptores em ensaio estático os resultados mostraram que as correções WAAS e EGNOS não adicionam qualidade ao posicionamento na região de Piracicaba, SP. Com a ativação dessas correções os erros de precisão e de acurácia aumentaram. As correções diferencias SF1 e SF2 via satélite demonstraram ser mais acuradas que os demais sistemas ensaiados. O ensaio sob condição cinemática, com GPS RTK de referência, permitiu o cálculo de erros somente no sentido perpendicular ao percurso. A plataforma instrumentada funcionou, cumprindo as expectativas e permitindo o cálculo dos erros de precisão e acurácia, porém demonstrou problemas de robustez nos coletores de dados, necessitando de pequenas melhorias. / The activities that use the Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS, are countless, and the Global Positioning System - GPS, developed by the United States is the most used today. In precision agriculture there is a need of static and cinematic positioning with demands of distinct levels of accuracy and precision for different applications. Technical information deficiencies from the manufacturers causes uncertainties to the users, as the receiver class to be used for certain agricultural activities. For these reasons the objectives of this work were: evaluate the use of differential corrections through static test, to test the use of RTK GPS as reference to evaluate the performance of low cost receivers under cinematic condition and develop an instrumented platform to evaluate GPS receivers under cinematic condition that represents agricultural operations. In the first case were realized tests with eight receivers, in the top of a tower free of physical obstacles, where it was mounted a platform with cross shape. The differential corrections WAAS, EGNOS, SF1 and SF2 were tested and also some intensities of filtering available in some of the receivers. In one of the cinematic tests, using a RTK GPS as reference, we used two navigation receivers, fixed over a tractor cabin and the data were collected with different frequencies. For the second cinematic test it was built a moving platform instrumented with a pulse optical detector (encoder), a photoelectric sensor and two data loggers, responsible for the synchronization between the encoder pulses and the GPS strings, and also log the data. With that it was possible to determine the reference coordinates to calculate the errors of precision and accuracy of the GPS receiver submitted to evaluation. The evaluation in static way showed that the corrections WAAS and EGNOS do not work in the region of Piracicaba, SP. Activating these corrections the precision and accuracy errors increased. The data collected with the satellite differential corrections SF1 and SF2 got closer to the real coordinate than the other evaluated systems. The test under cinematic condition, with the RTK GPS as reference, allowed the errors calculation only in the perpendicular direction of the course. The instrumented platform worked, accomplishing the expectation and allowing the errors calculation of precision and accuracy, however, showed problems of robustness in the data loggers, needing some improvement.
9

Metodologia para identificação, caracterização e remoção de erros em mapas de produtividade. / Methodology for identification, characterization and removal of errors on yield maps.

Menegatti, Leonardo Afonso Angeli 30 April 2002 (has links)
A agricultura de precisão é um conjunto de tecnologias que prevê o manejo espacializado dos fatores de produção, baseado em informações coletadas e georeferenciadas. O mapa de produtividade é uma informação importante, pois materializa a resposta da cultura a todos os fatores. Diversos monitores de produtividade comerciais estão disponíveis no mercado para a coleta de informações de produtividade de forma bastante adensada. Devido à automação e à alta quantidade de informações, diversos erros ocorrem no processo de coleta e a retirada destes erros é um fator de qualidade da informação. A proposta do trabalho é desenvolver uma rotina de filtragem de dados brutos que elimine erros presentes em mapas de produtividade. Como primeira etapa do desenvolvimento do processo de filtragem, foi realizada a análise e caracterização dos erros presentes em seis mapas de produtividade provenientes de seis diferentes monitores de produtividade comerciais. Erros de posicionamento foram encontrados, representados por pontos fora do talhão, sendo que pequenos erros de posicionamento não podem ser detectados pela metodologia desenvolvida. Foram encontrados pontos com produtividade nula, umidade de grãos nula ou ausente e pontos com posição repetida. Pontos coletados com largura de plataforma de corte diferente da total foram considerados erros de medição de área, pois carregam a influência do operador na definição da largura da plataforma de corte efetivamente utilizada. Para a caracterização do erro de intervalo de enchimento foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para identificar o sentido de deslocamento da colhedora, possibilitando assim, a medição do espaço necessário para que o monitor esteja sensível às variações naturais da produtividade. A distância percorrida durante o intervalo de enchimento variou de 0 a 44m. Foram estabelecidos limites estatísticos para discrepância de valores de produtividade, sendo que foram encontrados pontos com valores de produtividade fora dos limites estabelecidos. Com base nas características de cada tipo de erro, foi desenvolvida uma rotina de filtragem de dados brutos. A rotina consistiu de 7 etapas, sendo que cada uma age sobre determinado tipo de erro de acordo com suas características. Na primeira etapa são retirados do conjunto pontos com erro grosseiro de posicionamento, representados por pontos fora dos limites do talhão. As etapas de número 2 a 5 consistem na retirada de pontos com produtividade nula ou ausente, pontos com largura de plataforma de corte diferente da total, pontos com umidade nula ou ausente e com distância nula entre pontos. A sexta, age sobre pontos gravados durante o intervalo de enchimento, tendo por base a distância referente ao erro e o número de pontos gravados durante tal distância. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo de busca, identificação e eliminação dos pontos gravados durante o intervalo de enchimento. A sétima etapa estabelece limites estatísticos para discrepância de valores de produtividade e elimina pontos fora destes limites. De maneira geral, a filtragem de dados melhorou a modelagem da dependência espacial e elevou a qualidade final dos mapas de produtividade. / Precision farming is a set of technologies that provide the capacity to manage the yield based on spacialized information. Yield map is an important information as it describes the answer of the crop to the inputs and soil conditions. There are several yield monitors in the market to collect yield information automatically. Due to the automation of the collection, some errors may be collected together with good data, and the elimination of those errors from the data set represents information quality. This work proposes the development a filtering routine of raw data to eliminate errors. The first step is the analysis and characterization of the errors present on data from six different commercial yield monitors. The errors found are positioning errors, represented by points outside the field. Small positioning errors cannot be detected by this methodology. It was found points with null or no yield, null or no grain moisture and points with the same position. Points with swath width different from the total swath width were considered as area measuring errors because they take account the interpretation of the operator about the actual swath width. For the characterization of the combine filling time it was developed a methodology to identify the running direction of the machine, allowing the estimation of the distance required to fill the threshing mechanism of the combine. The distance during the filling time was found to be between 0 and 44m. Yield outlier limits were established, and values over and under the limits were found in the data. Based on the characteristics of each error, a filtering routine was developed. The routine has seven steps, each one acting over different errors. At the first step, positioning errors are eliminated from the data set. The steps from 2 to 5 eliminate points with null or no yield, null or no grain moisture, points with swath width different from the total swath width and points with null distance. The sixth step acts over the filling time error, eliminating all points recorded during the space required for filling up the threshing mechanism of the combine. A search algorithm was developed to identify and eliminate these errors. The seventh step state outlier limits and remove from the data set the values outside of the limits. The filtering process improved the semivariance analysis and the final quality of yield maps.
10

Metodologia para identificação, caracterização e remoção de erros em mapas de produtividade. / Methodology for identification, characterization and removal of errors on yield maps.

Leonardo Afonso Angeli Menegatti 30 April 2002 (has links)
A agricultura de precisão é um conjunto de tecnologias que prevê o manejo espacializado dos fatores de produção, baseado em informações coletadas e georeferenciadas. O mapa de produtividade é uma informação importante, pois materializa a resposta da cultura a todos os fatores. Diversos monitores de produtividade comerciais estão disponíveis no mercado para a coleta de informações de produtividade de forma bastante adensada. Devido à automação e à alta quantidade de informações, diversos erros ocorrem no processo de coleta e a retirada destes erros é um fator de qualidade da informação. A proposta do trabalho é desenvolver uma rotina de filtragem de dados brutos que elimine erros presentes em mapas de produtividade. Como primeira etapa do desenvolvimento do processo de filtragem, foi realizada a análise e caracterização dos erros presentes em seis mapas de produtividade provenientes de seis diferentes monitores de produtividade comerciais. Erros de posicionamento foram encontrados, representados por pontos fora do talhão, sendo que pequenos erros de posicionamento não podem ser detectados pela metodologia desenvolvida. Foram encontrados pontos com produtividade nula, umidade de grãos nula ou ausente e pontos com posição repetida. Pontos coletados com largura de plataforma de corte diferente da total foram considerados erros de medição de área, pois carregam a influência do operador na definição da largura da plataforma de corte efetivamente utilizada. Para a caracterização do erro de intervalo de enchimento foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para identificar o sentido de deslocamento da colhedora, possibilitando assim, a medição do espaço necessário para que o monitor esteja sensível às variações naturais da produtividade. A distância percorrida durante o intervalo de enchimento variou de 0 a 44m. Foram estabelecidos limites estatísticos para discrepância de valores de produtividade, sendo que foram encontrados pontos com valores de produtividade fora dos limites estabelecidos. Com base nas características de cada tipo de erro, foi desenvolvida uma rotina de filtragem de dados brutos. A rotina consistiu de 7 etapas, sendo que cada uma age sobre determinado tipo de erro de acordo com suas características. Na primeira etapa são retirados do conjunto pontos com erro grosseiro de posicionamento, representados por pontos fora dos limites do talhão. As etapas de número 2 a 5 consistem na retirada de pontos com produtividade nula ou ausente, pontos com largura de plataforma de corte diferente da total, pontos com umidade nula ou ausente e com distância nula entre pontos. A sexta, age sobre pontos gravados durante o intervalo de enchimento, tendo por base a distância referente ao erro e o número de pontos gravados durante tal distância. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo de busca, identificação e eliminação dos pontos gravados durante o intervalo de enchimento. A sétima etapa estabelece limites estatísticos para discrepância de valores de produtividade e elimina pontos fora destes limites. De maneira geral, a filtragem de dados melhorou a modelagem da dependência espacial e elevou a qualidade final dos mapas de produtividade. / Precision farming is a set of technologies that provide the capacity to manage the yield based on spacialized information. Yield map is an important information as it describes the answer of the crop to the inputs and soil conditions. There are several yield monitors in the market to collect yield information automatically. Due to the automation of the collection, some errors may be collected together with good data, and the elimination of those errors from the data set represents information quality. This work proposes the development a filtering routine of raw data to eliminate errors. The first step is the analysis and characterization of the errors present on data from six different commercial yield monitors. The errors found are positioning errors, represented by points outside the field. Small positioning errors cannot be detected by this methodology. It was found points with null or no yield, null or no grain moisture and points with the same position. Points with swath width different from the total swath width were considered as area measuring errors because they take account the interpretation of the operator about the actual swath width. For the characterization of the combine filling time it was developed a methodology to identify the running direction of the machine, allowing the estimation of the distance required to fill the threshing mechanism of the combine. The distance during the filling time was found to be between 0 and 44m. Yield outlier limits were established, and values over and under the limits were found in the data. Based on the characteristics of each error, a filtering routine was developed. The routine has seven steps, each one acting over different errors. At the first step, positioning errors are eliminated from the data set. The steps from 2 to 5 eliminate points with null or no yield, null or no grain moisture, points with swath width different from the total swath width and points with null distance. The sixth step acts over the filling time error, eliminating all points recorded during the space required for filling up the threshing mechanism of the combine. A search algorithm was developed to identify and eliminate these errors. The seventh step state outlier limits and remove from the data set the values outside of the limits. The filtering process improved the semivariance analysis and the final quality of yield maps.

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