In this paper, we propose tag antennas and reader antennas, which are suitable for radio frequency identification system. Antennas operating in the ISM and the UHF bands are designed. The antenna dimensions are minimized by employing the meander-line technology. Adopting the concepts of Yagi-Uda antennas, We use parasites to increase the antenna gain and to create an end-fire radiation pattern. The fact that the design comes without a ground plane can achieve cost down of the antenna. Higher antenna gains allow a greater effective read-zone distance. Also, the directional radiation pattern eliminates the degradation of performance due to multi-path loss. The design of tag antennas shows good performances in terms of both cost and antenna characteristics for radio frequency identification systems. The reader antennas are designed. Etching a slit in a square patch can achieve the requirement of circular polarization. It can effectively reduce the polarization mismatch when the tags are point to different orientation. Therefore the reliability of system operation will be improved. The antenna performance is measured by the experiments. Moreover, it will be compared with the simulation. In the latter part of paper, the simulation of the power coupling will be carried out. According to the result of power coupling simulation, we analyze and discuss which factor will affect the reliability of the identification. Identification failure will be effectively avoided and a robust identification system can be built if the analyses are properly employed.

"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009." / Advisor(s): Dew, Nicholas ; Hudgens, Bryan. "December 2009." "MBA Professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: RFID, Radio Frequency Identification, airborne, vessel monitoring. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-110). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).

Wireless technology nowadays is developing rapidly throughout the world and also in Hong Kong. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a mature technology which has been applied in a lot of industries in recent years, such as retail, airline, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, logistics, and libraries etc. RFID technology acts as an electronic labelling and data-collection system to identify and track equipment. RFID is a more robust technology than bar coding and does not require line-of-sight to operate. It is able to provide not only the electronic data for unique identification, but also provides a paperless workflow automation solution. The application of palm and wireless technology using the RFID in conjunction with a Web Based Maintenance Service Management System in the Facility Management (FM) has the following advantages: (i) It improves operations and facilitates day-to-day maintenance activities and management of works. (ii) The RFID system helps to improve the management of facilities, decision-making and control of quality by providing enhanced processes and equipment visibility. The RFID system offers a dynamic and centralized approach to facilitate the above FM processes. The objective of this study is to quantify the benefits of RFID technology for the FM. Throughout the study of RFID pilot project carried out by the HKHA, we evaluate the factors that affect the application of RFID system in Hong Kong FM industry. Questionnaires were given out to explore maintenance professionals’ opinions on the satisfaction of RFID system for maintenance of Air Conditioning (A/C) system. The data and hypotheses are analysed by using the statistical methods. The survey concluded that RFID system can improve the user satisfaction rating in FM compared with the paper based system. From the regression analysis, we found that the processes of improvement, quantities of A/C equipment and training & education are more important in determining the satisfaction of RFID system and have positive effect on the use of RFID system. The analysis of various regression models helped to discover the key significant variables that correlated to the satisfaction of using the RFID system. According to the survey findings, the RFID system has proved to be very useful for FM as it offered significant benefits over traditional paper based approaches. From the survey result, we also found that the “Insufficient training for use of RFID system” is the important obstacle to the adoption of RFID system. As education and training are critical for development of staff capability to handle new process requirements and achieve better performance of using the RFID system, HKHA is highly recommended to strengthen the training and education in order to improve their work satisfaction and support the continued use of RFID system. This dissertation offers HKHA managers a valuable perspective on the RFID implementation in their organization. The findings also highlighted the significant potential and obstacle of RFID system for FM. To encourage the use and expand the benefits of RFID system in FM industry, the Government policy is crucial in driving the adoption of RFID system so as to accelerate its diffusion and stimulate the growth of related industries. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Counterfeit products, particularly pharmaceuticals, electronic devices, and apparels, are widespread. They threaten consumer safety and cause huge economic losses to licit supply chain partners and governments. Although a number of traditional anti-counterfeiting technologies, such as holograms and chemical tags, are available to combat counterfeiting, they are vulnerable to imitation or being reused. Besides, these technologies are intended to protect individual items, rather than to safeguard an entire supply chain. As such, fake products may likely be injected into the supply chain to hurt end-consumers. Track-and-trace technology based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has recently emerged as a promising tool to combat counterfeiting, because of its automatic and non-line-of-sight capability to identify massive product items. By maintaining an electronic pedigree (e-pedigree) that records the transaction information of product items along the supply chain, this approach stands out for protecting the supply chain against infiltration, eliminating theft and fraud, facilitating recall of defective products, and supporting remote authentication. However, a number of technical and critical issues have yet to be solved for practical implementation of RFID-based track-and-trace anti-counterfeiting. These include generation of accurate initial product e-pedigree in fast moving manufacturing lines, precise e-pedigree updating in batch product distributing and receiving, and fast e- pedigree queries for remote and real-time product authentication from end-customers. Without fully addressing these issues, the accumulated product e-pedigree data would be untrustworthy, rendering any subsequent operations of track-and-trace and product authentication unreliable. This thesis investigates the crucial implementation issues in RFID-based track-and-trace anti-counterfeiting. It firstly presents an innovative track-and-trace anti-counterfeiting system, based on which a TDPS algorithm is proposed for generation of initial product e-pedigree in fast moving production lines. The TDPS overcomes many practical issues, such as tag writing error and tag locking failure, and helps identify the bottleneck of initial product e-pedigree generation. To tackle the bottleneck, the TDPS is further optimized by incorporating a block writing method to enhance the tag EPC writing efficiency and an integration method to balance the overhead of RFID equipment. In product distributing and receiving, a mechanized 3D scanning method is proposed to improve bulk item identification rate and enhance the accuracy and completeness of product e-pedigree. Indeed, RFID-based track-and-trace anti-counterfeiting mandates a relatively high bulk item identification rate for product authentication and e-pedigree updating. Experimental results demonstrate that the mechanized 3D scanning can achieve a bulk item reading rate of up to 98.9%, which largely outperforms the widely documented bulk reading rate (70%) in real applications. In retailing level, the efficiency of e-pedigree queries would hugely impact on customer shopping experience and the effectiveness of track-and-trace anti-counterfeiting. A partition-based method is therefore developed to cluster product e-pedigree data to improve the speed of e-pedigree queries. This approach partitions the accumulated e-pedigree data into fixed and dynamic groups, such that queries are conducted mainly on active data, rather than on the whole historical data sets. By addressing the above key issues, this thesis contributes to making implementation of RFID-based track-and-trace anti-counterfeiting practically viable and reliable. / published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an emerging area under ubiquitous computing. RFID benefits include multiple read/write, longer read range and no requirement for line of sight. Due to security and privacy issues, RFID is not as popular as it should be. Tag cloning is one of the biggest threats to RFID systems. Easy access to RFID tags allows an attacker to replicate the tags and insert duplicate tags into the system. An RFID tag cloning attack can lead to access control or financial frauds in areas like supply chain management and government issued IDs. In this thesis, a cloning prevention protocol is proposed. It uses light weight functions such as Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) and compare function. A 3-way handshake with a secret key, frequency hopping mechanism and dynamic fake ID makes this protocol a secure authentication mechanism.

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is a wireless communications technology which allows companies to secure their assets and increase the portability of information. This research was motivated by the increased commercial use of RFID technology. Existing security protocols with high levels of security have high computation requirements, and less intensive protocols can allow a tag to be tracked. The techniques proposed in this thesis result in the increase of ciphertexts available without a significant increase in processing power or storage requirements. The addition of random inputs to the generation of ciphertexts will increase the number of possible results without requiring a more advanced encryption algorithm or an increased number of stored encryption keys. Four methods of altering the plaintext/ciphertext pair (random block, set pattern, random pattern, and indexed placement) are analyzed to determine the effectiveness of each method. The number of ciphertexts generated, generation time, and generation errors were recorded to determine which of the four proposed methods would be the most beneficial in a RFID system. The comparison of these method characteristics determined that the set pattern placement method provided the best solution. The thesis also discusses how RFID transmissions appear to attackers and explains how the random inputs reduce effectiveness of current system attacks. In addition to improving the anonymity of RFID tag transmissions, the concept of authenticating random inputs is also introduced in this thesis. These methods help prevent an adversary from easily associating a tag with its transmissions, thus increasing the security of the RFID system.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2007. / "Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-48).

Thesis (MCIS - Computer and Information Sciences) -- AUT University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (ix, 98, xxvi leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. + 1 cd-rom) in the Archive at the City Campus (T 526 TSA)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Houston, 2008. / Adviser: Basheer M. Khumawala. Includes bibliographical references.