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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marcondes_js_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1401636 bytes, checksum: b67168739cbe607c7d42214254dcfdb2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A expansão econômica da ovinocultura acarreta no aumento do número de animais mantidos em confinamento e seu maior trânsito entre as propriedades. Com isso há aumento dos índices de doenças respiratórias nessa espécie, que estão entre as enfermidades que ocasionam maiores perdas econômicas em rebanhos de vários países. Grande parte das doenças respiratórias de mortalidade elevada e sintomatologia clínica evidente está associada a infecções por Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica. Entretanto, outras enfermidades também acometem os ovinos e são pouco definidas etiológica e morfologicamente, especialmente as de etiologia viral. Os vírus têm sido incriminados como agentes precursores e agravantes quando em associação com infecção bacteriana secundária. Os métodos mais utilizados para identificação viral são a sorologia, isolamento viral, teste de vírus neutralização e reação em cadeia pela polimerase. Contudo, essas técnicas apresentam limitações quanto ao tempo de execução e a necessidade de equipamentos dispendiosos. Com a necessidade da detecção rápida de antígenos virais, métodos como imunofluorescência e ensaios imunoenzimáticos vem sendo mais estudados no diagnóstico de agentes etiológicos. A imunoistoquímica é uma opção para a identificação de diversos agentes etiológicos e vem sendo amplamente estudada nos casos de enfermidades respiratórias, devido a facilidade na execução e não necessitar equipamentos dispendiosos nem técnicas trabalhosas para armazenamento de amostras. Neste contexto, o propósito deste estudo foi avaliar ovinos com comprometimento de vias aéreas anteriores e processos broncopulmonares, detectados no exame clínico e exame histopatológico, e correlacionar os achados com a sorologia, citologia de vias aéreas anteriores e posteriores, com a imunoistoquímica para os Vírus sincicial respiratório... / The economic expansion of sheep breeding cause an increase in the number of animals kept in confinement and increased traffic between these properties, increasing the rates of respiratory diseases in this species, which are among the diseases that cause major economic losses in herds in several countries. Much of respiratory diseases and high mortality evident clinical symptoms are associated with infections by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, however, other diseases also affect sheep and are poorly defined etiology and morphology, especially viral diseases. Viruses have long been incriminated as agents precursors and aggravating when combined with secondary bacterial infection. The methods used for viral identification are serology, virus isolation, virus neutralization test, polymerase chain reaction. However, these techniques have limitations as to time of execution and the need for expensive equipment. With the need for rapid detection of viral antigens, methods such as immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays has been most studied in the search for etiologic agents. Immunohistochemistry is an option for the identification of other agents and has been widely studied in cases of respiratory illnesses due to ease of execution and does not require expensive equipment or laborious techniques for sample storage. In this context, the purposes of this research was to evaluate sheep with involvement of upper airways and bronchopulmonary cases, detected on clinical examination and histopathology, and correlate the findings with serology, cytology airways before and after, and immunohistochemistry for Virus Respiratory Syncytial and Parainfluenza virus. Was detected by serology 27.5% for the BIS-3 and 40% for BRSV positive samples. There was a predominance of interstitial pneumonia type (56.7%) and immunohistochemistry detected the presence of BPI-3 antigens in 13.3% and 20.0% ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology / Brad J. White and Robert L. Larson / Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most costly disease of cattle in US feedyards and diagnosis based on clinical signs of illness is challenging. Over the course of five independent studies we evaluated the precision of multiple observers assigning clinical illness scores (CIS) to calves with induced Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia. We also evaluated the accuracy of CIS in relation to lung lesions at necropsy. Agreement among observers over all five studies was slight ({kappa]= 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.24) and ranged from 0.10 to 0.21 for individual trials. The accuracy of CIS varied based on the pulmonary consolidation score chosen to represent a truly ill animal. Inflammation associated with BRD can lead to significant pulmonary damage and reduced lung function. Treatment for BRD frequently involves antimicrobial administration and occasionally non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We evaluated how calves experimentally challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica respond to treatment with flunixin meglumine, alone or in combination with the antimicrobial florfenicol. Individual calf response to bacterial pneumonia was highly variable in this study. None of the changes in serum biomarkers, CBC or chemistry parameters provided reliable indicators of the pulmonary inflammation associated with the mild severity of bronchopneumonia in our study. Metaphylaxis is frequently administered to manage the risk of BRD within cohorts of cattle. We evaluated the impact of metaphylactic antimicrobial administration 10 days prior to experimental Mannheimia haemolytica inoculation to mitigate pulmonary lesions. We found that calves receiving tildipirosin had less lung damage and fewer clinical signs of illness compared to calves treated with tulathromycin or saline. Finally, the ability to predict those animals that would not finish the production cycle normally would provide benefits in effectively managing cattle. We evaluated the ability of classification algorithms to accurately predict an individual calf’s outcome based on data available at first identification of and treatment for BRD. We found accuracy of classifiers was dependent on the data recorded by the feedyard and there are sub-groups of calves within feedyard populations where classifiers were highly accurate. These data suggest the importance of pairing the proper classifier with the data available.