O crescimento do número de Barragens de Enrocamento com Face de Concreto (BEFC) no Brasil e no mundo e os problemas relacionados com a movimentação da face motivaram o desenvolvimento deste estudo sobre o comportamento mecânico do enrocamento. Geralmente, as previsões dos movimentos diferenciais do maciço são feitas com base nas características de deformabilidade do material. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de tensão-deformação de enrocamento baseado em análise numérica de uma seção de barragem de grande altura, com o objetivo de definir o estado e as trajetórias de tensões que influenciam os valores dos parâmetros de deformabilidade. Baseado nas condições de carregamento previstas para o maciço de enrocamento, foi desenvolvida a programação e as metodologias dos ensaios laboratoriais. A partir dos resultados destes ensaios foi possível estimar os parâmetros de deformabilidade do enrocamento a serem utilizados em estudos tensão-deformação. / The important growth in the number of Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRD\'s) in Brazil and in the World, and the reported problems related to movements of the concrete slab, motivated the present study of mechanical behavior of the rockfill. In general, predictions of the differential movements within the rockfill mass are based on the deformation properties of the rockfill materials. This work presents a stress-strain study of the rockfill mass, based on a numerical analysis of a high dam cross section, aiming to define the stress state and stress paths that influence the deformability parameters. Based on the loading condition estimated for the rockfill mass, the program and the methodology for the laboratorial tests was set. From these test results it was possible to estimate the deformability parameters of the rockfill to be used in stress-strain analysis.

[pt] A mistura asfáltica tem sido utilizada como núcleo impermeável em barragens de enrocamento desde 1930. A partir de então, estudos foram desenvolvidos, buscando uma melhoria das principais características da mistura asfáltica, como a granulometria, o teor de ligante asfáltico e o volume de vazios; permitindo obter um material asfáltico de maior densidade e com permeabilidade inferior a 10-9 cm s. As técnicas e procedimentos construtivos destas barragens apresentam vantagens quando comparadas às barragens já conhecidas. Os materiais do núcleo, as transições e o enrocamento podem ser representados por modelos constitutivos adequados e o comportamento de barragens de enrocamento com um núcleo de concreto asfáltico (BENCA) pode ser reproduzido por ferramentas computacionais. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre barragens do tipo BENCA, fazendo uso do programa computacional PLAXIS, de elementos finitos. O programa foi calibrado e validado a partir de resultados de medições de campo do Reservatório Megget, construído na Escócia (1981). Um estudo sobre a influência da inclinação do núcleo na resistência e deformabilidade de barragens de enrocamento é apresentado e discutido. Finalmente, apresenta-se a previsão numérica do comportamento da Barragem Foz de Chapecó, que é a primeira barragem construída com esta técnica no Brasil (2010). Os resultados mostraram-se coerentes com o comportamento observado em campo, indicando que o programa e os modelos constitutivos adotados permitem a previsão do comportamento de barragens de enrocamento com núcleo em concreto asfáltico. / [en] Asphalt mixture has been used as impermeable core rockfill dams since 1930. Since then, studies have been developed, searching an improvement of the main characteristics of the asphalt mixture, such as grading, bitumen content and volume ratio, allowing to obtain an asphalt material of higher density and less permeability than 10-9 cm s. Techniques and constructive procedures of these dams have advantages when are compared to known dams. The core materials, rockfill and transitions can be represented by appropriate constitutive models and the behavior of rockfill dams with an asphaltic concrete core (BENCA) can be reproduced by computational tools. The present work presents a study about the type dams (BENCA), using the finite elements computer program PLAXIS. The program was calibrated and validated from results of field measurements of Megget Reservoir, built in Scotland (1981). A study on the influence of core inclination in the strength and deformability of rockfill dams is presented and discussed. Finally, it is presented the numerical prediction of the behavior of the Foz de Chapecó dam that is the first dam built with this technique in Brazil (2010). The results were consistent with the behavior observed in field, indicating that the program and the adopted constitutive models allow the prediction of the behavior of rockfill dams with asphalt concrete core.

O crescimento do número de Barragens de Enrocamento com Face de Concreto (BEFC) no Brasil e no mundo e os problemas relacionados com a movimentação da face motivaram o desenvolvimento deste estudo sobre o comportamento mecânico do enrocamento. Geralmente, as previsões dos movimentos diferenciais do maciço são feitas com base nas características de deformabilidade do material. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de tensão-deformação de enrocamento baseado em análise numérica de uma seção de barragem de grande altura, com o objetivo de definir o estado e as trajetórias de tensões que influenciam os valores dos parâmetros de deformabilidade. Baseado nas condições de carregamento previstas para o maciço de enrocamento, foi desenvolvida a programação e as metodologias dos ensaios laboratoriais. A partir dos resultados destes ensaios foi possível estimar os parâmetros de deformabilidade do enrocamento a serem utilizados em estudos tensão-deformação. / The important growth in the number of Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRD\'s) in Brazil and in the World, and the reported problems related to movements of the concrete slab, motivated the present study of mechanical behavior of the rockfill. In general, predictions of the differential movements within the rockfill mass are based on the deformation properties of the rockfill materials. This work presents a stress-strain study of the rockfill mass, based on a numerical analysis of a high dam cross section, aiming to define the stress state and stress paths that influence the deformability parameters. Based on the loading condition estimated for the rockfill mass, the program and the methodology for the laboratorial tests was set. From these test results it was possible to estimate the deformability parameters of the rockfill to be used in stress-strain analysis.

In this study, settlement and seepage behavior of Muratli Dam, which is the first asphalt faced rockfill dam in Turkey, is investigated for the &ldquo / end of construction&rdquo / and &ldquo / reservoir impoundment&rdquo / loading conditions. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses are carried out in order to determine the total stresses, displacements and pore water pressures. Hardening soil model is used in order to represent the non-linear, inelastic and stress dependent behavior of rockfill material. Material model parameters are selected mainly referring to the previous studies on the dams consisting of similar materials and then back analyses are done to find the best fit. Calculated stresses, displacements and pore water pressures are compared with the observed values for both end of construction and reservoir filling conditions.

In this study, dynamic response of Akk&ouml / pr&uuml / Dam under earthquake motions is analyzed and the permanent displacements are evaluated. Initially, the critical slip surface of the dam and the corresponding yield acceleration are determined by using the computer program SLOPE. Then, by employing the finite element program SAP2000, static analyses are performed to obtain the mean effective stresses which are used in the determination of dynamic material properties of the dam. Four different scenario earthquakes having a magnitude of 7 are used in the dynamic analyses. Two of those scenarios are taken from European Strong Motion Database and the others are generated by XS artificial earthquake generation program prepared by Erdik (1992). Dynamic analyses of the dam are carried out by the finite element program TELDYN. Permanent displacements of the critical slip surface are calculated by utilizing the Newmark method. Consequently, for an earthquake having a magnitude of M=7 and a peak ground acceleration of 0.20g, the maximum permanent displacement of the dam is found to be 15.90 cm. Furthermore, the permanent displacements of the dam are calculated under base motions having different peak ground acceleration values and it is observed that the rate of increase in the amount of permanent displacements is greater than the increase in the amount of peak ground accelerations.

In this study settlement behaviour of K&uuml / rt&uuml / n dam, which is the first concrete faced rockfill dam in Turkey, is investigated. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses are carried out in order to determine the total stresses and displacements during construction and reservoir filling conditions. Hardening soil model is used in order to represent the non-linear, inelastic and stress dependent behaviour of rockfill material. Material model parameters are selected mainly referring to the previous studies on the dams consisting of similar materials. Calculated stresses and settlements are compared with the observed values and in general, they were found to be in good agreement for the construction stages. It is seen that, due to the relatively narrow valley and steep abutment slopes, arching is a significant parameter as far as the stresses and settlements are concerned. For the reservoir impounding condition, calculated settlements were found to be slightly larger than the observed values, which may indicate that during the reservoir impounding, the rockfill embankment behaves in a stiffer manner as compared to that of during construction stages.