Le dimensionnement des structures composites passe par des modèles numériques toujours plus complexes dont la qualité découle de la capacité à reproduire le comportement du matériau. Pour les composites stratifiés, le comportement en compression dans la direction des fibres s’avère complexe et reste encore mal identifié. Une des principales difficultés pour ce type de sollicitation est la partie expérimentale notamment à cause des effets de structure (flambage et concentrations de contraintes) qui précipitent la ruine des éprouvettes.C’est dans ce cadre que nous proposons une étude expérimentale comportant deux volets. Le premier s’intéresse à la mesure de la résistance en compression sur des éprouvettes saines à travers différents essais (compression pure sur tubes et sur plaques). Il est montré que le comportement jusqu'à rupture est bien identifié. Le second volet vise à montrer que l’endommagement (micro-fissuration de la résine) affecte significativement la résistance en compression sens fibre. Ces résultats permettront une meilleure compréhension de la rupture des stratifiés pour des chargements complexes. / To design composite structures it is required to access materials properties and to understand mechanisms of failure for different types of load. Shear and tensile tests are quite easy to do. That is why ply properties are well identified for these types of load. Yet in the case of compression, experimental methods are complex and then the knowledge of materials properties remains poor.When the slenderness of the specimen is excessive in compression test, buckling will affect the failure. But when the coupon is smaller, stress concentration generates a failure in the clamped-end. Structural effects are here the reason of the failure. It is then not possible to conclude about the materials properties.That is why an experimental study is proposed. This work is divided in two main parts. The first one talk about the measure of the compressive strength on undamaged samples with different geometries. It is shown that the behavior up to failure is well identified. In a second part it is demonstrated that damage decreases significantly the compressive strength. These results will finally be apply to the global design of laminates for any type of load.

Prior research has shown the therapeutic alliance to be positively related to therapeutic outcome in couple therapy (Johnson & Talitman, 2007; Knoblock-Fedders, Pinsoff, & Mann, 2007). It is common for the therapeutic alliance to vary over the course of therapy. Alliance ruptures can be defined as "deteriorations in the relationship between therapist and patient" (Safran & Muran, 1996, p. 447). If managed successfully, these moments of alliance rupture can positively impact therapy (Safran & Muran, 1996; Sprenkle, Davis, & Lebow, 2009). As a result, researchers have begun to develop models of alliance rupture repair to help further our understanding of how this process is achieved in various therapeutic approaches (Aspland, Llewelyn, Hardy, Barkham, & Stiles, 2008; Binder, Holgerse, & Nielsen, 2008; Safran & Muran, 1996). The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary, discovery-oriented task analysis (Greenberg, 2007) in order to develop a model of alliance rupture repair in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), a couple therapy approach which encourages emotional reconnection and restructuring of couple interactions developed by Susan Johnson and Les Greenberg (Johnson, 2004). By conducting a thought experiment with four experienced certified EFT therapists, a rational model of alliance rupture repair in EFT was formulated. The rational model was then compared with the analysis of alliance rupture repair sequences during the process of one couple's therapy with a certified EFT therapist to develop a rational-empirical model of alliance rupture repair in EFT. The final model and treatment implications are discussed. / Master of Science

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ABSTRACT Background: On behalf of the Orthopedic clinic, Västerås, a study has been conducted with focus on comparing the results after conservative and surgical treatment due to complete achillestendon rupture. Aim: To compare results when testing the active and passive range of motion, calf muscle endurance, estimation of pain related to the achillestendon and self-efficacy to be physically active for individuals who have undergone conservative or surgical treatment after complete achillestendon rupture. Method: 14 individuals afflicted by complete achillestendon rupture in 2010 were recruited as a purposive sample. Examination were conducted of: Ankle range of motion with a goniometer, calf muscle endurance through a toe-raise test, estimation of pain intensity related to the achillestendon by VAS and self-efficacy to be physically active through “Exercise self-efficacy scale”. P-value and the median were calculated. Result: The results of ankle range of motion and calf muscle endurance were based on the difference between the injured and the healthy side. When testing active plantarflexion the conservative group had a median of 4 ̊ and the surgical group had a median of 10 ̊. At the toe-raise test the conservative group had a median of 11 toe-raises and the surgical group a median of 7. Through estimation of “Exercise self-efficacy scale” the conservative group had a median of 115 point and the surgical group a median of 94. When testing active dorsiflexion, passive plantarflexion, passive dorsiflexion and estimation of pain related to the achillestendon the median value were 0 for both groups. Conclusion: There was no statistical significance between the groups.   Key words: Achilles tendon, operative, rupture, self efficacy, treatment outcome. / SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: På uppdrag av Ortoped kliniken Västerås, har en studie genomförts med fokus på att jämföra resultat efter konservativ respektive operativ behandling i samband med total hälseneruptur. Syfte: Att jämföra resultaten vid test av aktiv och passiv fotledsrörlighet, vadmuskeluthållighet, skattning av smärta relaterat till hälsenan samt self-efficacy för att vara fysiskt aktiv för individer som genomgått konservativ respektive operativ behandling efter total hälseneruptur. Metod: 14 individer som drabbats av total hälseneruptur under 2010 rekryterades enligt ett ändamålsenligt urval. Undersökningar gjordes av fotledsrörlighet med hjälp av goniometer, vadmuskeluthållighet via ett tåhävningstest, skattning av smärtintensitet relaterat till hälsenan via VAS och self-efficacy för att vara fysiskt aktiv via ”Exercise self-efficacy scale”. P-värde och median beräknades. Resultat: Resultaten för fotledsrörligheten och vadmuskeluthålligheten baserade sig på skillnaden mellan frisk och skadad sida. Vid test av aktiv plantarflexion hade den konservativa gruppen en median på 4° och den operativa gruppen en median på 10°. Vid tåhävningstestet hade den konservativa gruppen en median på 11 stycken tåhävningar och den operativa gruppen en median på 7. Vid skattning via ”Exercise self-efficacy scale” hade den konservativa gruppen en median på 115 poäng och den operativa gruppen en median på 94. Vid test av aktiv dorsalflexion, passiv plantarflexion, passiv dorsalflexion samt vid skattning av smärta blev medianvärdet 0 för båda grupperna. Slutsats: Det förelåg ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna.   Nyckelord: Behandlingsresultat, egen förmåga, hälsena, operationer, ruptur.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Valenciennes, 2005. / Notes bibliogr. Résumé en français et en anglais. ISSN exact : 0078-3781.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences et Techniques : Metz : 1998. / Thèse soutenue sur ensemble de travaux. 1998METZ054S. 152 ref.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de l'ingénieur. Option mécanique de la rupture : Metz : 2001. / Thèse : 2001METZ031S. Bibliogr. p.174-182.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Physique et Sciences pour l'Ingénieur. Mécanique : Metz : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Notes bibliographiques. Index.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences physiques et de l'ingénieur. Mécanique : Bordeaux 1 : 2008. Thèse de doctorat : Sciences physiques et de l'ingénieur. Mécanique : Universidade do Porto (Portugal) : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.