The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, provided a unique, though unfortunate, opportunity to study Americans' sleep reactions to a traumatic event. Questionnaires were distributed electronically to a web-based panel whose demographic distribution closely matched current U.S. census counts. Prior to 9/11/01, participants reported whether they had ever been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or insomnia. Two weeks following the terrorist attacks, they completed an acute stress questionnaire (SASRQ) which included questions about 9/11-related difficulty falling or staying asleep and nightmares. They later completed a posttraumatic stress symptom questionnaire at two time points: 2 months and 6 months post-9/11. This instrument, the IES-R, included questions about 9/11-related difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and dreams. A total of 782 adults (50.4% male; mean age = 49.6 years) responded.Two weeks following the terrorist attacks, 23% of the sample reported having 9/11-related difficulty falling or staying asleep; 9% reported 9/11-related nightmares. Two months following the attacks, 27% reported having at least some difficulty falling asleep related to 9/11, 33% reported having difficulty staying asleep, and 17% reported having 9/11-related dreams. When assessed again at 6 months post-9/11, levels of these three sleep issues dropped significantly to 14%, 15%, and 8%, respectively. Females reported higher levels of 9/11-related sleep difficulties than males both at 2 weeks and 2 months after the attacks. By 6 months post-9/11, this sex difference had all but disappeared. Older respondents were slightly less likely than younger ones to report nightmares 2 weeks post-9/11 and dreams 2 months post-9/11. Those with pre-9/11 diagnoses of anxiety, depression, and insomnia generally had higher rates of 9/11-related sleep difficulties at all time points assessed.When tested with a hierarchical regression model, difficulty falling or staying asleep at 2 weeks post-9/11 significantly predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms experienced 6 months (but not 2 months) following the attacks. This was true even when taking into account the contribution of pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses and non-sleep-related acute stress symptoms. These findings raise the possibility that the experience of disturbed sleep soon after a trauma directly contributes to the eventual development and exacerbation of posttraumatic stress symptoms.

This research explores the discourses of Muslims that had emerged in The Star, Daily News, Cape Argus and New York Times before and after the bombings of the New York City’s World Trade Centre Towers on September 11, 2001. This was a qualitative study that analysed a total of 176 articles from the various newspapers from July 2001 to November 2001. A discourse analytic approach was used as the method of analysis within a broad depth hermeneutic framework. The depth hermeneutic approach emphasises the analysis of the socio-historical context in order to understand how certain constructions of Muslims had historically emerged. Therefore, this study traces the construction of Muslims and the media historically. The results indicate that the dominant discourses of Muslims that have emerged are that ‘Muslims are fundamentalists’, ‘Muslims are violent’, ‘ Muslims cannot be trusted’ and the depiction of Muslims in conflicting terms in relation to the West, namely: ‘Muslims versus the Western World’. The various sub-themes that had emerged are as follows; ‘Muslims are a force to be feared,’ ‘Islam teaches violence’ and that ‘Muslims are inhumane and uncivilised. The ideological representation of Muslims within the texts as the out-group when compared to the West is emphasised through these discourses. A comparison of the various newspapers portrayal of Muslims in the media before and after September 11, 2001, shows that the Cape Argus depicts a more positive representation of Muslims in both instances. The findings reveal that Daily News, The Star and the New York Times present a more negative view of Muslims before and after the events of September 11, 2001.

Diplomová práce s názvem Vývoj transatlantických vztahů po 11. září 2001 se zabývá politickými vztahy mezi USA a Evropou v souvislosti s bojem proti terorismu. Autor se zaměřuje zejména na následující témata: historie transatlantických vztahů před 11. zářím 2001; změna globálního bezpečnostního kontextu pro euroatlantické vztahy; odlišné postoje obou partnerů k válce v Iráku; pomoc evropských spojenců při obnově a demokratizačním procesu v Afghánistánu a Iráku; důsledky boje proti terorismu na oblast lidských práv; postoje USA a hlavních evropských spojenců k Evropské bezpečnostní a obranné politice (EBOP) EU; vztah EBOP ? NATO.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of West Florida, 2007. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 167 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2005. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-114).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2005. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology." "A dissertation entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 211-241.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Bowling Green State University, 2007. / Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 174 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis advisor: David Smith / The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 was witnessed first-hand by individuals of all ages in New York City, and many witnesses experienced symptoms of posttraumatic stress. This study investigated whether adolescent witnesses report being more negatively affected by the 9-11 event than adult witnesses. It is predicted that adolescents will be more negatively affected by 9-11 because they generally have had fewer life experiences in managing stress, thus they have developed fewer coping mechanisms for dealing with trauma. The study recruited adolescent participants from Stuyvesant High School (located 5 blocks away from the WTC) alumni graduating classes of 2002-05. Adult participants were recruited from employees of Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen, Hamilton, LLP (one block the street from WTC). Participants were sent an Internet survey via World Wide Web consisting of a series of questionnaires. The questionnaires asked participants to recall specific events from 9-11, put in order a series of events, report significant life changes post 9-11, rate how often they engage in various coping behaviors, and describe their current physical and mental well-being. The study found age to be significant on two factors within the life changes questionnaire: compared to adults, adolescents reported experiencing a wider range of emotions and the ability to focus on work despite outside stressors. These findings were contrary to the hypothesis. Essentially, adolescents reported faring either the same or better than adults across all measures. The study also unexpectedly found significance examining gender and hours of media consumption. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Psychology. / Discipline: Psychology Honors Program.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-93). / Since the events of September 11, 2001 and the continuing terrorist threats facing the United States, the Coast Guard faces a number of new organizational and operational challenges. Many structural changes have occurred within a short period. Organizations have been regrouped and cross-organizational units have been formed in the recently established Department of Homeland Security. This thesis summarizes these changes and examines past and current roles of the Coast Guard. Data for this work include interviews, official documents and personal experience. Based on these materials, the thesis concludes with a set of recommendations that senior executives in the Coast Guard might consider to ease some of the current organizational challenges the Service now faces / by Scott A. Buschman. / M.B.A.