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This research contributes to the much-debated literature existing on the relationship between the economy, merger and acquisitions (M&A), and investors’ behaviour by empirically examining the relationship between aggregate M&A transactions, Real GDP and the stock market in the top nine countries with respect to M&A activity globally from the period 1999-2018. Interestingly, according to the cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity tests conducted, the research finds that when a specific country's stock market, Real GDP or M&A activity is affected or influenced in some way, this may also have an affect or influence on the other countries considered in this research as well. Each of the nine countries have some common economic characteristics. Additionally, each country has its system with reference to how the stock market index(s), economic activity and M&A activities influence each other and operate individually. This indicates that an economic relationship between the variables in one country may not be replicated by the others. Furthermore, in a country-by-country causality analysis using the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach, the research finds considerable evidence in support of the behavioural school of thought where investors’ behaviour and M&A activity seem to influence each other. Out of the nine countries investigated, six countries support the behavioural school of thought, i.e., show strong to moderate causality between M&A activity (number or value) and stock market price index. On the other hand, with reference to the neoclassical theory, surprisingly, there seems to exist a relationship between M&A activity and economic activity where M&A activity (number or value) leads economic activity in two out of the nine countries investigated. Finally, the research also suggests that economic activity seems to have an impact on how investors behave in six out of the nine countries investigated.

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Over the past decades, people have had an increasing chance to receive eco- nomic information, especially news related to the stock market. This is because the fraction of the U.S. population owning stocks has increased rapidly. However, it does not mean that a majority of news sources have started to deal with financial news more. We do not know how traditional media, such as newspapers, have dealt with financial news during the same period, nor do we know the influence of this environmental change on political attitudes. In this report, I analyze the type of contexts in which the stock market has been described in The New York Times from 1981 to 2011 by Wordfish and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. I find that a plunge in the stock market and political events affect the amount of political topics in stock market news. In particular, after the financial crisis of 2008–2009, stock market news consisted of economic, political, and social topics. / text

This thesis contributes to our knowledge of the behaviour of the Chinese stock market by offering an empirical investigation into issues such as market segmentation, inter‐relationships between Chinese stock markets and inter‐relationships with foreign stock markets. Basic questions which have been typically analysed for developed stock markets are considered in this thesis. These include an analysis of core concepts such as volatility; causal links with economic variables and the reasons why the theoretical stock price may be different from the actual stock price. Methodological methods include; cointegration, generalised autoregressive heteroscedastic modelling (GARCH), vector autoregressive framework modelling (VAR) and panel data analysis. Both daily and monthly observations are used over a time period from 1996 to 2006. The results indicate that there is a rich set of reasons why we may observe phenomena such as a discount on B shares and a relationship between A shares and B shares. The findings also suggest that China is not isolated from the rest of the world and that there is evidence of inter‐relationships with foreign stock markets and that Chinese stock market prices are close to their fundamental value. This is not generally the finding for developed stock markets. Overall, it appears that the methodological approaches usually associated with developed stock markets can serve us well as useful tools in creating a deeper understanding of the underlying fundamentals describing the Chinese stock market.