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The wide spread use of limit states design procedures in both the Canadian and American steel design codes has created a need for a better understanding of how structures behave. Current design practice, however, allows and often encourages engineers to use an approximate linear analysis to determine the member forces in a structure. This is then followed by an even more approximate amplification of forces through the use of several design equations. It is believed that this practice is no longer acceptible as more accurate second-order computer programs have become a very practical alternative. With this as motivation, this thesis will provide a comparison between a second-order computer program available at the University of British Columbia called ULA (Ultimate Load Analysis) and the Canadian and American building code designs, CAN3-S16.1-M84 and LRFD 1986 respectively. It was felt that ULA should be verified, even though the theory it is based on is well established. Thus, ULA was used to generate a load versus L/r curve for a pin ended column (with the parameters modified slightly to allow direct comparison with the curves available in the codes). ULA was then used to predict load-deflection curves for two existing test frames. The resulting curves compared well with the test data. To ensure simplicity, the building codes make several approximations in the derivation of their design equations. This results in the equations being applicable to a very narrow range of structures. Specifically, the equations apply to rigidly connected frames in which all of the columns reach their critical buckling load simmultaniously. Consequently, the results from ULA were compared to the codes for structures of this type. It was found that the codes were conservative for these structures in relation to the results from ULA, yet the amount of conservatism varied greatly between structures. That is, the codes are not consistant in how conservative they are. Results from ULA were then compared to the codes for structures that do not satisfy all of the code limitations. Alhough using the codes to design structures beyond the limit of applicability is not a recommended practice, engineers do use the codes to design all types of structures, with little appreciation for the applicability limits. Consequently, it was deemed appropriate to extend this study to such structures. Though only a few were investigated, it was found that the codes were unreliable, being highly conservative, very accurate, or in one case highly unconservative when compared to the results from ULA. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

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Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / includes bibliographical references (p. 139-142). / As an architect works, his or her design grows and shifts, contracts and metamorphoses through many different shapes and configurations. Each shape and length of span imposes an order on the structure of a building; The Order of Gravity. This thesis proposes a way of understanding structure in a way that allows it to swing through limits of shape that can then be related by a designer to the space that a design suggests, and interact with it, proposing new forms. A description of malleable structure will be invaluable to an architect, for it will allow the structural elements, and their relation to each other, to contribute to the form of a building. / by John Ripley Freeman IV. / M.Arch.

Thesis--M. Sc. (Eng.), University of Hong Kong. / Mimeographed.