This research report summarizes high pressure flange design techniques and considerations utilized by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, Florida Research & Development Center, during its development programs for high pressure liquid rocket engines. The report covers: 1) Aspects of cooling, heating, pressure, and external loading with design safety factors 2) Cantilever type flanges optimized for weight 3) Seals and fastener considerations for 6000 psi environment 4) An example high pressure, cryogenic cantilever flange design

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 180 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118).

M.Ing. / Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om die basiese agtergrond in terme van die knikgedrag van vlekvrye staal to ondersoek wat sodoende 'n bydrae sal kan lewer tot die ontwikkeling van 'n meer volledige ontwerpspesifikasie vir die veilige en koste effektiewe strukturele aanwending van vlekvrye staal

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2005. / Includes vita. In two parts. Includes bibliographical references.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01539.pdf: 2619471 bytes, checksum: 65a3f84aa03ddb8d57b288f87aa1a2f1 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

Masters of Science / Nampak packages millions of cans a year and a very small percentage of these cans fail due to many reasons. One of the main reasons that cause 2- piece food cans to fail is split flanges. Split Flanges arises due to a number of reasons which will be discussed in detail.The focus of this thesis was based on the causes of split flanges in 2-piece food cans. A study on manufacturing the steel and can making together with packaging fish in these cans was conducted. Another study on the reasons for split flanges occurring in 2 piece cans was conducted done as well.The purpose of the investigation was to check if hydrogen embrittlement could be the cause for split bodies forming in 2 piece food cans. 2 piece cans are drawn and wall ironed from tinplate; the cans were made up of a top and a shaped body. It was this shaped body that went through a considerable amount of stress during manufacture especially at the top of the can, which gave an explanation to why the cans split at the curved area near the flange of the can.According to previous studies done at Nampak R&D more complaints about split bodies were coming from the Fish canneries on the West Coast than the Vegetable canneries. These canneries used the exact same cans to package their product. The difference between the processes at these canneries was the exhaust boxes at the fish canneries. The exhaust box is a long tunnel filled with steam used to precook the fish; the vegetables are not precooked in exhaust boxes. Non metallic inclusions (NMI) was one of the main reason for these split flanges to occur and a reason of particular interest in this research.NMI’s were distributed throughout the steel of the cans and since the same cans were used for the fish and vegetable canneries, they should be failing at the same rate. Yet only complaints came from the fish canneries. So the primary focus of the research was to check if the additional steam process contributed to the formation of split bodies / flanges. We proposed to investigate if hydrogen atoms collect at grain boundaries, vacancies and non metallic inclusions and also to check if the steam accelerated embrittlement. Hydrogen is believed to penetrate right into the bare steel of the cans that were exposed to steam.Hydrogen atoms are being investigated because of their small size, their ability to diffuse through a metal lattice and form hydrogen molecules within the intermetallic vacancies of the metal. The molecules of hydrogen, once formed within the internal structure of the metal, remain trapped because of their larger size and can generate a significant pressure that can contribute to the formation of split bodies. [1] The first step to prove whether H-embrittlement was present in the cans was to check if hydrogen was present. A spectroscopic method namely, elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) was used to check if H could be detected using the Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis technique. Several experiments were designed to make sure the technique was suitable for the detection of H. Even though it is known that all metals are susceptible to corrosion and Hembrittlement, the tinplate metals had to be checked in an environment similar to the exhaust box (suspected area causing hydrogen embrittlement) in the factories.Further characterization was done using X-Ray Diffraction to measure the residual stress and relate it to the effects of H-embrittlement. If the H had penetrated into the metal it would cause some distortion in the atomic distances between the atomic planes in Fe atoms and can be measured using XRD.Another effect of hydrogen embrittlement is to reduce the strength in the metal. Tensile tests were performed to measure the strengths of the metal.

The objective of this research is to evaluate the stiffness and strength demands on flange braces in metal building systems. This objective is accomplished by a targeted study of the effects of various attributes of metal building systems not fully addressed in existing bracing design procedures. Special emphasis is placed on attributes such as unequal brace spacing and stiffness, end brace point flexibility, nonprismatic member geometry, special requirements at knee joints and the specific configuration of combined girt/purlin, flange diagonal, diaphragm and X bracing systems used in metal building construction. A sub-objective of the research is the demonstration of how virtual test simulation via full nonlinear finite element analysis may be applied to solve a structural engineering research problem that would be difficult to address by any other means. When conducted properly, virtual test simulation can serve as a valuable companion to experimental testing since attributes such as residual stresses and critical geometric imperfections can be controlled precisely and with relative ease in virtual test simulation. Both highly simplified and more complex but relatively rigorous procedures are considered, with the ultimate goal being improved economy and safety of flange stability bracing in metal buildings.