Achieving food security in Bangladesh remains an arduous task, as the country struggles with several challenges. These challenges include the effects of climate change, occurrence of natural disasters, lack of proper access to credit facilities, and the anthropogenic modification of the agricultural landscape. The vulnerability of agricultural practice in the northern regions to drought, flood, and riverbank erosion, as well as the increased occurrence of coastal surges, waterlogging, cyclones, coastal floods, shrimp aquaculture and soil salinity in the southwestern region, poses a major threat to Bangladesh’s attainment of food security. In this context, we analyze the anthropogenic factors such as land use and land covers change, waterlogging, soil salinity and agriculture credit facilities which combinedly affecting the food security in the southwestern and northern regions of Bangladesh. Findings revealed that in the southwestern regions agricultural lands have decreased because of an increase in shrimp farming. Waterlogging and soil salinity are increasing due to increased shrimp farms also for poor drainage infrastructure and human modification. In our studied three interior coastal districts agricultural land in 2011 was 19,657.12 acres, 12,750.14 acres and 38,774.70 acres which changed to 12,668.70 acres (-36%), 7,151.27 acres (-44%) and 32,809.30 acres (-16%) in 2021. By utilizing CMIP5 data and RCP 4.5 scenarios, we also projected temperature and precipitation in the northern and southwestern regions for the years 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2060 the results indicated substantial variations between pre- and post-monsoon temperatures, with projected maximum, minimum, and mean temperature differences of > 5°C, < 3°C, and < 4°C, respectively. Structural equation modeling reveals that shrimp farming has a significant negative impact on farmers' income and dietary habits. Land use and land cover analyses in the exposed coastal area indicate that agricultural land has decreased by 321.83 km2 over more than thirty years. Structural equation modeling also revealed that agricultural credit influences the food security of marginal farmers. Our study serves as a guide for policymakers in Bangladesh and other developing countries, providing insights into the implementation of effective and sustainable agriculture and climate policies to address the constraints and challenges associated with food security.

Poster exhibited at GPSC Student Showcase, February 24th, 2016, University of Arizona. 2nd Place Winner of the Creativity Undergraduate Award. / Architecture has the power to create an inclusive society where everyone feels as if they have a voice and responsibility to a sustainable future. With collaboration and dedication, architectural design can have a huge impact on the living conditions of underrepresented communities. Working through the Drachman Design Build Coalition, the scope of the project involves designing and constructing an affordable dwelling for a low-income family in the city of Tucson, Arizona. The overall mission of building affordable housing is to provide under-served families with housing opportunities that would not be otherwise. The house will be designed as a 2-3 bedroom dwelling with 2 bathrooms, and indoor living space, outdoor living area, and a carport. Through research and physical observation, potential sites were explored, sustainable strategies were learned, and affordable housing techniques were studied. Many iterations of housing models were developed based on information gained from local books and journals written on traditional southwestern housing designs. The Notch House starts to develop as a sustainable affordable housing project designed in response to underrepresented families in Tucson.

This study begins with a discussion of environmental education. Various definitions, aims objectives and guiding principles for effective environmental education are included. The term environmental literacy is introduced with its. defmitions and three levels of environmental literacy (nominal, functional and operational). The study also provides an overview of the definitions, aims, principles and goals of sustainable development. The relationship between environmental education, environmental literacy, environmentally responsible behaviour, and education for sustainability is outlined. It appears that many teachers are not well informed about environmental concerns. Therefore, in this study an attempt is made .to develop and standardize an instrument to measure the level of environmental literacy of teachers, from both primary and high schools. Ten concepts related to environmental literacy were developed. A questionnaire was developed using these identified concepts. Content validity was established before the questionnaire was presented to the teachers. An item analysis was carried out for each aspect of environmental literacy as well as for the questionnaire as a whole. It was determined that the questionnaire could be considered as both a reliable and valid instrument to measure the level of environmental literacy of teachers. An important fmding from this study is that there is a significant difference between environmental literacy of teachers who received training in environmental education and teachers who did not receive any training in environmental education. It was also found that there is a significant difference between environmental literacy of teachers teaching in the different learning areas. The instrument developed for this study can be used as a baseline to improve the pre-service and in-service training of teachers in environmental education. The study concludes with recommendations for teacher education and empowerment of local communities through environmental education. Possible further research is also highlighted. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

abstract / Architecture / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No description available.

No description available.