This study identifies and explores the core challenge faced when integrating security and privacy requirements into the mobile banking software development life cycle. Studies on key issues in Information Systems (IS) have been on-going for several decades, with security and privacy moving up the ranks of top issues in IS. Security and privacy requirements can be added into the mobile application development processes by practising secure coding, and/or, by adding a third party security tool. This study gathered data from a single case study; it employs grounded theory methodology to reveal misalignment as the core challenge to integrating security and privacy requirements into mobile banking application development. The forms of misalignment are between security and privacy requirements and (1) external entities, (2) roles, (3) skills and (4) system requirements. The nature of the mobile application domain results in the misalignment forms identified above. Some of the findings indicate the need for further research. Research indicates that mobile application development follows agile methods for development. Agile methods have been compared with Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS). For this reason, research in IS could benefit from studies that focus on CAS as a theory to provide a better explanation on the misalignment issues in mobile application development.

This study identifies socio-cultural determinants to both access to technology, as well as access to water and sanitation services, to build an understanding of how technology use and service delivery interact to either restrict or empower groups to communicate their water and sanitation needs through e-government platforms. Even though South Africa's racist apartheid laws were repealed over two decades ago, water and sanitation services in predominantly black areas of Cape Town are still effected by the structural inequalities rooted in apartheid policies. Frustration over the state of water and sanitation services in these areas frequently erupts into violent and destructive protests. A key piece to reducing these inequalities lies in the city's ability to collect data on the state of water and sanitation infrastructure, and the City of Cape Town has promoted a number of e-Governance initiatives to streamline the process of collecting information from users of water and sanitation services. Among these initiatives is an SMS based fault reporting system, which was envisioned as an inexpensive method for users to easily report service failures to the city. Additionally, the city has adopted other web-based reporting platforms based on popular social media sites and email, which can be accessed using internet enabled mobile phones. However, despite high rates of mobile phone ownership in Cape Town, little is known about how people use them. It is important to know how people use mobile phones in order to gauge whether e-Governance initiatives are accessible to poor and vulnerable populations. This analysis is particularly important for highly stratified societies such as South Africa, since it has been shown that introducing ICT into a service delivery system will not result in social change, but will simply act to amplify the underlying intents and capacities that are already present in the system. The purpose of this study was to identify socio-cultural determinants to water and sanitation access and ICT use, to gauge the capacity of groups with marginal access to water and sanitation services to advocate for improvements using mobile phone enabled fault reporting. The study was carried out as a cross-sectional analysis using chi-square tests to identify correlations between socio-cultural data that was collected during three days of interviews in the township of Imizamo Yethu. A spatial analysis was also employed to visualise geographic patterns of access to water and mobile technology. The results indicate that mobility challenged township residents face barriers to accessing water and sanitation services, and also have limited options for reporting faults using mobile phones. Additional disparities in access to services and mobile phone use were found to be based on geography, economic ability, education, as well as place of birth (foreign born vs. South African born). The results indicate that marginalised segments of the population have very limited capacity to communicate their needs to the municipal government. Therefore it seems that e-Governance in the water and sanitation sector likely perpetuates some of the existing inequalities. Hopefully the information and recommendations brought forward in this study will prove helpful to those working to undo the social fractures caused by decades of exclusionary policies.

Health systems' strengthening is essential in South Africa in an era of the convergence of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Whilst TB is ranked first in all-cause mortality, non-communicable diseases which include cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus follow; with HIV/AIDS in fourth place. In the Western Cape, diabetes mellitus and HIV are the top two causes of death accounting for 6.8% and 5.8% respectively (StatsSA, 2015b). As the burden of non-communicable disease continues to increase significantly due to more South Africans presenting these co-morbid conditions, the complexity of managing these chronic conditions has increased. The reorganisation of primary health services to better cater for patients with multiple chronic conditions has become an imperative in South Africa but still in its infancy. However, how chronic patients with multi-morbidities experience the current services and what their perceived needs are in order to enhance the management of their conditions both at point of healthcare and in their daily lives is not widely understood. Below, is an outline of the three parts presented in this dissertation. Part A is the study protocol, which gives a background of the intersection of communicable and noncommunicable diseases in South Africa, focusing on HIV and type two diabetes (hereafter HIV/T2D) co-morbidity. A qualitative design was employed. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten patients living with HIV/T2D co-morbidity and six health workers who interacted with these patients. Ethical considerations such as potential risks and benefits; confidentiality, autonomy and informed consent are also highlighted in the protocol. Part B is the structured literature review on chronic care in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Two sub-sections are presented with the first focusing on LMICs excluding South Africa; and the second for South Africa only. Theoretical frameworks, which were applied to managing chronic conditions and empirical studies on HIV/T2D in these LMICs, are reviewed. Reference to the Cumulative Complexity Model (CCM), will also provide an indepth understanding of the prospects of strengthening the primary healthcare system in South Africa to address chronic conditions more effectively. Part C is the journal-ready manuscript of the data collected in the qualitative study. It consists of the background, methods, results, discussion and conclusions. Findings describe patients' experiences of the primary healthcare services and the daily challenges of living with and managing HIV and T2D among a sample of ten patients attending a clinic in Cape Town. Health worker perspectives on managing HIV/T2D co-morbidity are also presented. Both patients and healthworkers also shared strategies on how health interventions could be more responsive to HIV/T2D co-morbidity. Hence, further contributions are made in the knowledge base of strengthening chronic conditions. However, further research with different subsets of patients living with not only HIV/T2D but also other co-morbid or multi-morbid conditions is important for improvements in health policy-making in South Africa.

No description available.

Customer's needs and wants are forever changing and organistion need to be able to rapidly respond to the shifts in the market coupled with changing customer behaviour. Companies are continuously striving for different and innovative approaches to address these challenges. Several different approaches ranging are used by these organisation which range from incorporating new technologies, developing new products and services, and thoroughly understanding customer needs and requirements. These approaches require the organisation to adapt and adopt to new ways of working and moving away from traditional project management methods to agile methods. However, this transition gives rise to challenges such as the natural human resistance to change, needing to ensure that staff remain positive during these periods of uncertainty and change, ensuring that the organization does not backslide into its old ways of working (whilst under immense pressure to conform), effectively prioritizing projects and resources, as well as managing the cultural shift required to support these (organisational) changes. Coupled with these various challenges is a steep learning and adoption curve that must be overcome if the newly embedded technologies and processes are to be successfully assimilated into the organization. Thus it is crucially important that organisation not only understand the benefits associated with transitioning to agile methods, but also those barriers that need to be overcome to ensure a successful transition. Therefore this research is aimed at providing insight into the barriers and benefits associated with transitioning from Traditional Project Management (TPM) methods to agile approaches, specifically in the context of large complex IT projects. Throughout the study an inductive approach to data analysis was used to categorise the findings into broader themes after which two frameworks were used to interpret these findings. The Technology organisation environment framework (TOE) as well as the Socio-Technical Theory (STT/STS) framework were used to interpret the findings obtained. TOE assisted in analysing the relationships between the organisation, the external environment and the technological environment in which it operates. STT/TSS supported the TOE framework by guiding the analysis of the technical subsystem (agile tools) in conjunction with the social subsystem (employees) within the organisation. The study included a combination of of agile- and non-agile practioners within a telecommunications organisation, who all had previous experience of working on complex IT projects in a traditional and agile construct. The research provides insights into those themes that are associated with these barriers, for example poor and ineffective management style being displayed, teams still using a traditional TPM mindset when placed under duress, ineffective agile adoption within the teams, poor change management within the organisation, lack of support from business to enable delivery, and ineffective or unclear roles within teams and management, etc. and also highlighted several benefits to the transitioning which include empowered teams that are able to function autonomously, improved transparency and visibility within teams, improved speed of delivering and improved performance metrics in use within the organisation. During the course of the research several differing opinions were found which lead to contradiciting themes arising as each team witnessed the agile transition and implementation differently, which highlighted areas of future research. For example team autonomy was identified as a benefit to the transition allowing for self-direction but also sighted as a negative themes where teams empowerment is lacking; Traditional Project Management methods still providing improved speed of delivery when compared to agile methods. Other examples include some teams being disempowered with little or no decision-making authority, whilst others were able to self-direct and manage. Measurement metrics had been identified as both an advantage as well as a barrier to successfully transition to agile approaches as some felt the teams were measured effectively, whist others lamented a lack of appropriate metrics.

International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) play a critical role in improving the capacity of health systems to deliver services in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), especially in fragile and conflict affected states (FCAS). Nonetheless, the sustainability of public private engagement (PPE) initiatives between health systems and INGOs is threatened by various factors including, decline in developmental and humanitarian assistance and a shift in policies and priorities. Consequently, many INGOs are exiting PPE initiatives. There is a lack of evidence about the process of withdrawal of INGOs from low- and middle-income countries and FCAS settings, in particular, how the nature of the withdrawal (beyond the basic loss of funds) affects the functioning of the health system, especially at lower levels of primary care. This mini dissertation presents a research protocol (Section A), and a journal formatted manuscript (Section B) for a case study of the impact of withdrawal of INGOs from public health facilities in Tsholotsho district, Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe. This study describes the process of withdrawal by three INGOs from PPE initiatives with Tsholotsho District Hospital (TDH). Understanding this process better and learning how public health facilities cope with the withdrawal of partner support, provides lessons on how to efficiently sustain the gains from PPE initiatives. In these three cases, PPEs were ended because of an ending of funds. Despite the existence of exit and sustainability plans, in all cases, the withdrawal process was fraught and difficult to navigate. There was a discrepancy between plans and what transpired during and after funding-withdrawal. The common issues that affected exit implementation included abruptness of the withdrawal by INGOs; lack of resources to sustain the intervention after withdrawal of funding; and design, depth and scope of intervention. In addition, lack of clear regulatory mechanisms that shape PPE initiatives and govern the withdrawal of partners from public facilities also affected the process. Due to these factors, the interventions either stopped or continued at a drastically reduced scale. Withdrawal of partners, especially in FCAS, has dire implications for the health system, and need to be managed with much greater attention given to (unintended) consequences to the health system and its resilience. Health system assessments and analytics should be performed by expert independent parties prior to the ending of PPEs, which would enable context-specific withdrawal plans that might aid in mitigating future difficulties.

Since the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978, community participation in health policy development and health system functioning has called for a collaborative intersectoral approach, engaging civil society as a pivotal agent for improving policy-makers' responsiveness in the public health system. Intersectoral approaches are widely accepted and research has shown the value in engaging communities in the improvement of their health. However, astonishingly little is known about the overall configuration, nature, and focus of the ‘spaces' where civil society are participating in health system-relevant engagement, or their contribution towards improved system responsiveness. This study describes a local provincial health system, the Western Cape province in South Africa, mapping the intersectoral spaces where civil society participates in the health system, provides feedback to the system (towards responsiveness), and contributes to health system improvement decisions. A mixed method case study was conducted, integrating desk-based review of multiple forms of openly available data, with verification from experts in the field. Sixteen intersectoral spaces in the Western Cape health system were mapped and compared, with analysis focussing on current governance practices in these spaces, evidence of accountability measures and civil society participation within the broader goal of improving health system responsiveness. Multiple spaces exist for intersectoral engagement in the Western Cape of South Africa, but there is a lack of any ‘system-wide' integrative approach – which creates overlap, a focus on vertical programming, and parts of civil society remain ‘disconnected' from the system. Feedback from civil society back into national or provincial policy-making processes is sporadic due to fragmented tiered governance. New efforts towards ‘whole-system' intersectoral collaboration need to be initiated and actively protected, if they are to succeed. This study demonstrates that while ‘intersectoral action for responsiveness strengthening' is broadly encouraged in this health system, it needs to be more fully assessed and operationalised in terms of multilevel governance, accountability and civil society empowerment. In doing so avenues can be identified for improving civil society's feedback into the public health system, and ensuring adequate system's response to this feedback, in health policy and practice.

Background: The rapid increase in the adoption of the internet in developing countries and the growth of citizen-centric e-government technologies has sparked interest in electronic voting (e-voting) systems. E-voting systems enable voters to participate in elections remotely, using internet-based technologies. In 2020, the Independent Electoral Commission of South Africa stated its intention to introduce e-voting to lower the costs of voting, improve electoral transparency and efficiency, and to improve overall voter participation. There is, however, little research to explain the factors that could potentially influence voters, particularly young people (18-35 years) who are a growing voting demographic with a declining interest in electoral participation. Objective: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the factors that influence the intention of young people to adopt electronic voting in South Africa. Secondarily, the study seeks to investigate how South African youth perceive e-voting. Research methodology: Using a deductive approach, a conceptual model with constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM), the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), and the diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) is proposed. An online survey is used to collect data (n = 412) from South African youth between the ages of 18 – 35 years. Key Findings: Structural equation modelling and factor analysis applied on a pretested and pre-validated quantitative survey reveal that technology stickiness, access to ICT, skills in ICT, attitude towards ICT, relative advantage and political affiliation positively impact the intention to use e-voting. Eighty-one (81%) percent of respondents agree that they will use e-voting should it become available. Value of the study: The study contributions are twofold. First, the research proposes an empirically tested theoretical framework to assess the intentions of youths to participate in e-voting and second, the study the study makes recommendations for policymakers regarding the e-voting perceptions of young people.

Bibliography: leaves 97-103. / This study examines the role of language proficiency in the performance of university students within the specialised field of IS, with particular focus on second language speakers. Quantitative analysis is used to investigate the association between academic performance and matriculation results (particularly English), as well as a number of demographic factors, based on a cohort of 241 undergraduate students following an IS major curriculum at the University of Cape Town over a four year period.

Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.